Brett Hagman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Brett Hagman

American Journal of Psychiatry, Nov 1, 2022

The objective of this article is to provide an operational definition of recovery from alcohol us... more The objective of this article is to provide an operational definition of recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD) to facilitate the consistency of research on recovery and stimulate further research. The construct of recovery has been difficult to operationalize in the alcohol treatment and recovery literature. Several formal definitions of recovery have been developed but have limitations because 1) they require abstinence from both alcohol and substance use, 2) they do not include the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for AUD as part of the recovery process (i.e., no focus on remission from AUD), 3) they do not link remission and cessation from heavy drinking to improvements in biopsychosocial functioning and quality-of-life constructs, and 4) they do not distinguish between alcohol and other drug use. The authors present a newly developed National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) definition of recovery from DSM-5 AUD based on qualitative feedback from key recovery stakeholders (e.g., researchers, clinicians, and recovery specialists). The definition views recovery as both a process of behavioral change and an outcome and incorporates two key components of recovery, namely, remission from DSM-5 AUD and cessation from heavy drinking, a nonabstinent recovery outcome. The NIAAA definition of recovery also emphasizes the importance of biopsychosocial functioning and quality of life in enhancing recovery outcomes. This new NIAAA definition of recovery is an operational definition that can be used by diverse stakeholders to increase consistency in recovery measurement, stimulate research to better understand recovery, and facilitate the process of recovery.

Self-reports are the primary method for collecting data on alcohol use and risky sexual practices... more Self-reports are the primary method for collecting data on alcohol use and risky sexual practices among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM). The TimeLine FollowBack method (TLFB) has been considered the gold standard for collecting data on alcohol use and risky sexual behavior. Interactive Voice Response (IVR) technology has become increasingly popular as a new data collection method and offers several advantages. Given this background, three aims were posited for the present study that was conducted among a sample of problem drinking MSM to: 1) examine the correspondence between the IVR and TLFB methods for the assessment of alcohol use and risky sexual behavior; 2) identify factors that influence correspondence between methods for select alcohol use and risky sex variables; and, 3) examine the conditional relationship between alcohol use and engagement in unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) using IVR daily data. Participants (N = 84) were problem drinking MSM, who were participating in...

Journal of Addiction & Prevention, 2017

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 2018

Substance Use & Misuse, 2016

ABSTRACT Background: It is critical that our alcohol screening instruments maintain their accurac... more ABSTRACT Background: It is critical that our alcohol screening instruments maintain their accuracy at detecting DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) symptomatology. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is one of the most widely used alcohol screening instruments, despite no studies evaluating its performance for detecting DSM-5 AUDs. Objectives: The present study evaluated the performance of the AUDIT in the screening of DSM-5 AUDs in non-treatment seeking college students. Methods: Participants (N = 251) were undergraduate students who had at least one binge drinking occasion in the past 90-days. Results: The AUROC value for DSM-5 AUD status in the overall sample was.779 (SE =.029; 95% CIs =.721 to.837). The AUROC values for the reference groups of any DSM-IV AUD and any binge drinker were.798 (SE =.028; 95% CIs =.742 to.853) and.827 (SE =.03; 95% CIs.768 –.886), respectively. A similar pattern of findings emerged between males and females. Gender differences emerged in the identification of AUDIT cut-off scores. A score of ≥ 8 and ≥ 9 had the best balance of sensitivity and specificity for females and males in college, respectively. Conclusion: Findings indicate that the AUDIT has a reasonable degree of diagnostic proficiency in screening for DSM-5 AUDs in college students.

Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment, 2017

Objectives: Under the new DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) diagnostic system, there remains a res... more Objectives: Under the new DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) diagnostic system, there remains a residual set of subthreshold drinkers, who endorse only 1 AUD criterion, and do not receive a formal diagnosis, despite being at-risk for developing alcohol problems. The present study sought to evaluate differences between DSM-5 diagnostic orphans in college compared with those who do and do not receive a DSM-5 AUD diagnosis across measures of alcohol use involvement, alcohol-related correlates and emotion regulation capacity. Methods: Participants were 396 current undergraduate drinkers in college recruited from a large university in the NE part of the United States. Each participant filled out an anonymous online questionnaire. Results: DSM-5 diagnostic orphans (DOs) represented approximately 24% (n=95) of the sample. They reported greater levels of alcohol use (quantity/frequency), consequences from drinking, and social/enhancement motives for drinking compared with those without a DSM-5 AUD. Alternatively, DSM-5 DOs reported significantly lower levels of alcohol use involvement, consequences from drinking, social, coping and enhancement motives for drinking, emotion dysregulation, and drinking restraint compared with those with a DSM-5 AUD. Conclusions: DSM-5 DOs in college constitute as a unique at-risk group of drinkers in comparison with those with and without a DSM-5 AUD diagnosis. It is critical that our screening, referral and brief intervention efforts in university settings incorporate procedures to target this at-risk group of drinkers to deter escalation of future alcohol problems.

ABSTRACT In the early 1990s, studies emerged indicating substance use as a significant factor pre... more ABSTRACT In the early 1990s, studies emerged indicating substance use as a significant factor preventing welfare recipients from achieving employment and subsequent self-sufficiency (Office of Inspector General, 1992). Some states experimented with supplemental social service interventions, including case management (CM), to facilitate the engagement of the hard to employ into substance abuse treatment (Besharov & Germanis, 2004; Morgenstern et al., 2006). CM in its varying forms (such as intensive case management (ICM)) has been utilized by welfare agencies and other social service sector entities to increase substance abuse treatment engagement, retention, as well as increase abstinence outcomes (Hesse, Vanderplasschen, Rapp, Broekaert, & Fridell, 2007; Morgenstern et al., 2006; Siegal, Rapp, Li, & Saha, 2001). Case management (CM) has been found effective for facilitating entry into, retention in, and completion of outpatient substance abuse treatment for low-income substance dependent women. Few studies have specifically examined the moderating impact of additional mental health disorders on CM's effectiveness with this population. This study investigated how depressive symptoms moderated CM's impact on substance abuse treatment attendance and outcomes for substance dependent women on TANF. METHOD: Substance dependent women on TANF (N=302) were recruited from local welfare offices in Essex County, NJ; assessed after screening; and randomly assigned to ICM or usual care (UC). Participants were re-assessed at 3, 9, 15, and 24 months. UC consisted of a health assessment at the local welfare office and referral to substance abuse treatment and TANF services. Clients in the experimental condition received ICM, a manual guided intervention that combined extensive outreach, assessment, and provision of services, in addition to the UC services. Appropriate to the longitudinal, repeated measures nature of the data, Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) modeling was used to assess the predictive value of ICM in facilitating outpatient substance abuse treatment attendance and abstinence for women with high and low depressive symptoms (measured by the Beck's Depression Inventory-II). The data were modeled using Negative Binomial regression models with log link function, which provided the best model fit. FINDINGS: When controlling for baseline differences, attendance rates for women with high depression in ICM were twice as high as those with low depression or those with high depression in UC through 24 months of follow-up (Incidence Rate Ratio, IRR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.11-6.94). In addition, women with high depression in ICM demonstrated half as many drinks per drinking day as other women with high depression or those in UC (IRR = .515, 95% CI = 0.304-0.880). While intensity of drinking was found to be significant, neither of the frequency variables (number of days used alcohol or drugs) were found to be significant. CONCLUSION: Findings presented here suggest that ICM is a promising intervention for managing the chronic nature of co-morbid depression and substance dependence for TANF women, improving both attendance rates and reducing intensity of alcohol use. Findings also point to the unexpected vulnerability of women with low depression who did not benefit from ICM as effectively as women with high depression.

American Journal on Addictions, 2014

Deviant Behavior, 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of education on rape myth acceptance, alcohol... more The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of education on rape myth acceptance, alcohol expectancies, and bystander attitudes. A sample of 126 community members and college students who had consumed alcohol within the past 90 days were administered surveys. College experience was unrelated to rape myth acceptance, alcohol expectancies, and bystander intentions. In line with previous research, two rape myth subscales were inversely related to bystander attitudes. In regard to alcohol expectancies and bystander attitudes, only one subscale was marginally significant. Ancillary analysis indicated that rape myth acceptance varied as a function of age, with older individuals less likely to support rape myths.

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 2011

The present study examined the latent continuum of alcohol-related negative consequences among fi... more The present study examined the latent continuum of alcohol-related negative consequences among fi rst-year college women using methods from item response theory and classical test theory. Method: Participants (N = 315) were college women in their freshman year who reported consuming any alcohol in the past 90 days and who completed assessments of alcohol consumption and alcoholrelated negative consequences using the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index. Results: Item response theory analyses showed poor model fi t for fi ve items identifi ed in the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index. Two-parameter item response theory logistic models were applied to the remaining 18 items to examine estimates of item diffi culty (i.e., severity) and discrimination parameters. The item diffi culty parameters ranged from 0.591 to 2.031, and the discrimination parameters ranged from 0.321 to 2.371. Classical test theory analyses indicated that the omission of the fi ve misfi t items did not signifi cantly alter the psychometric properties of the construct. Conclusions: Findings suggest that those consequences that had greater severity and discrimination parameters may be used as screening items to identify female problem drinkers at risk for an alcohol use disorder.

In the early 1990s, studies emerged indicating substance use as a significant factor preventing w... more In the early 1990s, studies emerged indicating substance use as a significant factor preventing welfare recipients from achieving employment and subsequent self-sufficiency (Office of Inspector General, 1992). Some states experimented with supplemental social service interventions, including case management (CM), to facilitate the engagement of the hard to employ into substance abuse treatment (Besharov & Germanis, 2004; Morgenstern et al., 2006). CM in its varying forms (such as intensive case management (ICM)) has been utilized by welfare agencies and other social service sector entities to increase substance abuse treatment engagement, retention, as well as increase abstinence outcomes (Hesse, Vanderplasschen, Rapp, Broekaert, & Fridell, 2007; Morgenstern et al., 2006; Siegal, Rapp, Li, & Saha, 2001). Case management (CM) has been found effective for facilitating entry into, retention in, and completion of outpatient substance abuse treatment for low-income substance dependent wo...

Background: Smokers are more likely to consume alcohol and vice-versa. Although a number of psych... more Background: Smokers are more likely to consume alcohol and vice-versa. Although a number of psychosocial factors have been identified as contributors to the concurrent use of alcohol and tobacco, recent research has suggested that an individual's serious psychological distress (SPD) may be a moderating factor. Methods: We examined the extent to which SPD moderates the relationship between current binge drinking and tobacco use among the general population utilizing data from the 2005 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The NSDUH is a national, multistage household survey of the non-institutionalized population. We examined data from 37,227 adults who were > 18 years old. The K6 scale measured SPD symptoms and symptom frequency during the previous year. Results: An adjusted logistic regression analysis indicated that binge drinking (OR = 3.05; 95% CIs 2.79-3.34) and SPD (OR = 2.16; 95% CIs 1.90-2.45) predicted current cigarette use. A significant interaction emerge...

Physiology & behavior, Jan 19, 2010

The impact of invasive experimental procedures on perceived stress and pain may be dependent on b... more The impact of invasive experimental procedures on perceived stress and pain may be dependent on both physical and social environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a physically and a socially enriched environment on the need for pain relief following painful experimental procedures. A non-invasive method to administer analgesics post-operatively is by means of self-administration which is a feasible objective method to measure perceived pain during the post-operative recovery period. In the present study eight groups of mice housed in different conditions underwent the surgical procedure of caecal manipulation or only exposure to anaesthesia. After surgery the mice were given the choice to self-administer an analgesic available in one of their water bottles during two post-operative weeks. It was shown that socially enriched mice drank i.e. self-administered, less from the analgesic containing water than the non-enriched and socially deprived grou...

Psychological Assessment, 2015

Substance Use & Misuse, 2013

This study explored dimensionality and rank-order severity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manu... more This study explored dimensionality and rank-order severity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition (DSM-IV) alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria among adults 50+ years old. Secondary analysis was performed on data from individuals 50+ (N = 3,412) from the 2009 National Survey of Drug Use and Health. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and item response theory (IRT) analyses were performed on the 11 AUD criteria. DSM-IV and DSM fifth edition (DSM-5) classifications were compared. CFA revealed a one-factor model. IRT analyses revealed that AUD criteria identify only severe cases of AUD. Overall, 5.8% met criteria for a DSM-IV AUD; 7.5% met criteria for DSM-5 AUD.