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Papers by Brian Cumming

Research paper thumbnail of Climatic control of ultraviolet radiation effects on lakes

Limnology and Oceanography, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Diatoms as indicators of hydrologic and climatic change in saline lakes

Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences, 2009

... The modern African dataset was created by combining regional datasets from Northwest Africa (... more ... The modern African dataset was created by combining regional datasets from Northwest Africa (125 samples; Khelifa, 1989; F. Gasse, unpublished observations), East Africa (167 samples; Gasse, 1986), and Niger (20 samples; Gasse, 1987). ...

Research paper thumbnail of Greater drought intensity and frequency before AD 1200 in the Northern Great Plains, USA

Research paper thumbnail of The bias and signal attenuation present in conventional pollen-based climate reconstructions as assessed by early climate data from Minnesota, USA

PloS one, 2015

The inference of past temperatures from a sedimentary pollen record depends upon the stationarity... more The inference of past temperatures from a sedimentary pollen record depends upon the stationarity of the pollen-climate relationship. However, humans have altered vegetation independent of changes to climate, and consequently modern pollen deposition is a product of landscape disturbance and climate, which is different from the dominance of climate-derived processes in the past. This problem could cause serious signal distortion in pollen-based reconstructions. In the north-central United States, direct human impacts have strongly altered the modern vegetation and hence the pollen rain since Euro-American settlement in the mid-19th century. Using instrumental temperature data from the early 1800s from Fort Snelling (Minnesota), we assessed the signal distortion and bias introduced by using the conventional method of inferring temperature from pollen assemblages in comparison to a calibration set from pre-settlement pollen assemblages and the earliest instrumental climate data. The e...

Research paper thumbnail of A 900-yr diatom and chrysophyte record of spring mixing and summer stratification from varved Lake Mina, west-central Minnesota, USA

The Holocene, 2009

A high-resolution, independent pollen-inferred paleoclimate record and direct algal seasonality d... more A high-resolution, independent pollen-inferred paleoclimate record and direct algal seasonality data from the actual time of sediment deposition are used to interpret the high-resolution diatom and chrysophyte record of varved Lake Mina, west-central Minnesota, USA during AD 1116—2002. This direct algal seasonality information was obtained by splitting varves into constituent winter-spring and summer lamina, and separately analyzing the siliceous algae

Research paper thumbnail of The Widespread Threat of Calcium Decline in Fresh Waters

Research paper thumbnail of Late-Holocene and recent hydroclimatic variability in the central Kenya Rift Valley: The sediment record of hypersaline lakes Bogoria, Nakuru and Elementeita

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Half-precessional dynamics of monsoon rainfall near the East African Equator

Research paper thumbnail of Millennial-scale relationships of diatom species richness and production in two prairie lakes

Limnology and Oceanography, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Tracking Long-Term Changes in Climate Using Algal Indicators in Lake Sediments

Journal of Phycology, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Scaled Chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) From Adirondack Drainage Lakes and Their Relationship to Environmental VARIABLES1

Journal of Phycology, 1992

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Do spectrally inferred determinations of chlorophyll a reflect trends in lake trophic status?

Journal of Paleolimnology, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Changes in diatom assemblages since pre-industrial times in 40 reference lakes from the Experimental Lakes Area (northwestern Ontario, Canada)

Journal of Paleolimnology, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Diatom-salinity relationships in 111 lakes from the Interior Plateau of British Columbia, Canada: the development of diatom-based models for paleosalinity reconstructions

Journal of Paleolimnology, 1994

Research paper thumbnail of A statistical method for varve verification using seasonal pollen deposition

Journal of Paleolimnology, 2008

We developed a fast, inexpensive, statistically rigorous method of varve verification that uses p... more We developed a fast, inexpensive, statistically rigorous method of varve verification that uses prospective varve layer-splitting and seasonal pollen deposition. This method can be used on any sediment that contains seasonally deposited pollen, and avoids the need for radio-isotopic, optical, or thermoluminescence dating. The method uses a χ2 test and non-parametric regression, together with recorded plant bloom times from pollen

Research paper thumbnail of Diatom-inferred lake level from near-shore cores in a drainage lake from the Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario, Canada

Journal of Paleolimnology, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Lake Sediment Core Records of Sulphur Accumulation and Sulphur Isotopic Composition in Central Ontario, Canada Lakes

Journal of Paleolimnology, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Ecological distribution of scaled-chrysophyte assemblages from the sediments of 54 lakes in Nova Scotia and southern New Brunswick, Canada

Journal of Paleolimnology, 2010

... Several studies have shown that many scaled-chrysophyte taxa have rea-sonably well-defined en... more ... Several studies have shown that many scaled-chrysophyte taxa have rea-sonably well-defined environmental optima to several important limnological variables, especially lakewater pH (Cumming et al. ... Killams 6.2 0.54 3.7 1.5 6.0 49 Jesse 6.3 1.25 4.9 5.7 4.3 30 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Hydrological change in the central interior of British Columbia, Canada: diatom and pollen evidence of millennial-to-centennial scale change over the Holocene

Journal of Paleolimnology, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of A diatom-based reconstruction of drought intensity, duration, and frequency from Moon Lake, North Dakota: a sub-decadal record of the last 2300 years

Journal of Paleolimnology, 1998

Diatom assemblages preserved in sediment cores from closed-basin lakes can provide high-resolutio... more Diatom assemblages preserved in sediment cores from closed-basin lakes can provide high-resolution records of past hydrologic and climatic conditions, including long-term patterns in the intensity, duration, and frequency of droughts. At Moon Lake, a closed-basin lake in eastern North Dakota, a comparison of diatom-inferred salinity and the precipitation-based Bhalme-Mooley Drought Index (BMDI) over the last 100 years was highly significant,

Research paper thumbnail of Climatic control of ultraviolet radiation effects on lakes

Limnology and Oceanography, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Diatoms as indicators of hydrologic and climatic change in saline lakes

Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences, 2009

... The modern African dataset was created by combining regional datasets from Northwest Africa (... more ... The modern African dataset was created by combining regional datasets from Northwest Africa (125 samples; Khelifa, 1989; F. Gasse, unpublished observations), East Africa (167 samples; Gasse, 1986), and Niger (20 samples; Gasse, 1987). ...

Research paper thumbnail of Greater drought intensity and frequency before AD 1200 in the Northern Great Plains, USA

Research paper thumbnail of The bias and signal attenuation present in conventional pollen-based climate reconstructions as assessed by early climate data from Minnesota, USA

PloS one, 2015

The inference of past temperatures from a sedimentary pollen record depends upon the stationarity... more The inference of past temperatures from a sedimentary pollen record depends upon the stationarity of the pollen-climate relationship. However, humans have altered vegetation independent of changes to climate, and consequently modern pollen deposition is a product of landscape disturbance and climate, which is different from the dominance of climate-derived processes in the past. This problem could cause serious signal distortion in pollen-based reconstructions. In the north-central United States, direct human impacts have strongly altered the modern vegetation and hence the pollen rain since Euro-American settlement in the mid-19th century. Using instrumental temperature data from the early 1800s from Fort Snelling (Minnesota), we assessed the signal distortion and bias introduced by using the conventional method of inferring temperature from pollen assemblages in comparison to a calibration set from pre-settlement pollen assemblages and the earliest instrumental climate data. The e...

Research paper thumbnail of A 900-yr diatom and chrysophyte record of spring mixing and summer stratification from varved Lake Mina, west-central Minnesota, USA

The Holocene, 2009

A high-resolution, independent pollen-inferred paleoclimate record and direct algal seasonality d... more A high-resolution, independent pollen-inferred paleoclimate record and direct algal seasonality data from the actual time of sediment deposition are used to interpret the high-resolution diatom and chrysophyte record of varved Lake Mina, west-central Minnesota, USA during AD 1116—2002. This direct algal seasonality information was obtained by splitting varves into constituent winter-spring and summer lamina, and separately analyzing the siliceous algae

Research paper thumbnail of The Widespread Threat of Calcium Decline in Fresh Waters

Research paper thumbnail of Late-Holocene and recent hydroclimatic variability in the central Kenya Rift Valley: The sediment record of hypersaline lakes Bogoria, Nakuru and Elementeita

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Half-precessional dynamics of monsoon rainfall near the East African Equator

Research paper thumbnail of Millennial-scale relationships of diatom species richness and production in two prairie lakes

Limnology and Oceanography, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Tracking Long-Term Changes in Climate Using Algal Indicators in Lake Sediments

Journal of Phycology, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Scaled Chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) From Adirondack Drainage Lakes and Their Relationship to Environmental VARIABLES1

Journal of Phycology, 1992

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Do spectrally inferred determinations of chlorophyll a reflect trends in lake trophic status?

Journal of Paleolimnology, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Changes in diatom assemblages since pre-industrial times in 40 reference lakes from the Experimental Lakes Area (northwestern Ontario, Canada)

Journal of Paleolimnology, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Diatom-salinity relationships in 111 lakes from the Interior Plateau of British Columbia, Canada: the development of diatom-based models for paleosalinity reconstructions

Journal of Paleolimnology, 1994

Research paper thumbnail of A statistical method for varve verification using seasonal pollen deposition

Journal of Paleolimnology, 2008

We developed a fast, inexpensive, statistically rigorous method of varve verification that uses p... more We developed a fast, inexpensive, statistically rigorous method of varve verification that uses prospective varve layer-splitting and seasonal pollen deposition. This method can be used on any sediment that contains seasonally deposited pollen, and avoids the need for radio-isotopic, optical, or thermoluminescence dating. The method uses a χ2 test and non-parametric regression, together with recorded plant bloom times from pollen

Research paper thumbnail of Diatom-inferred lake level from near-shore cores in a drainage lake from the Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario, Canada

Journal of Paleolimnology, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Lake Sediment Core Records of Sulphur Accumulation and Sulphur Isotopic Composition in Central Ontario, Canada Lakes

Journal of Paleolimnology, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Ecological distribution of scaled-chrysophyte assemblages from the sediments of 54 lakes in Nova Scotia and southern New Brunswick, Canada

Journal of Paleolimnology, 2010

... Several studies have shown that many scaled-chrysophyte taxa have rea-sonably well-defined en... more ... Several studies have shown that many scaled-chrysophyte taxa have rea-sonably well-defined environmental optima to several important limnological variables, especially lakewater pH (Cumming et al. ... Killams 6.2 0.54 3.7 1.5 6.0 49 Jesse 6.3 1.25 4.9 5.7 4.3 30 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Hydrological change in the central interior of British Columbia, Canada: diatom and pollen evidence of millennial-to-centennial scale change over the Holocene

Journal of Paleolimnology, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of A diatom-based reconstruction of drought intensity, duration, and frequency from Moon Lake, North Dakota: a sub-decadal record of the last 2300 years

Journal of Paleolimnology, 1998

Diatom assemblages preserved in sediment cores from closed-basin lakes can provide high-resolutio... more Diatom assemblages preserved in sediment cores from closed-basin lakes can provide high-resolution records of past hydrologic and climatic conditions, including long-term patterns in the intensity, duration, and frequency of droughts. At Moon Lake, a closed-basin lake in eastern North Dakota, a comparison of diatom-inferred salinity and the precipitation-based Bhalme-Mooley Drought Index (BMDI) over the last 100 years was highly significant,

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