Brigitte Kudielka - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Brigitte Kudielka
Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis, 2008
Activity of clotting factor VIII has been shown to acutely increase with sympathetic nervous syst... more Activity of clotting factor VIII has been shown to acutely increase with sympathetic nervous system stimulation. We investigated whether aspirin and propranolol affect the responsiveness of plasma clotting factor VIII activity levels to acute psychosocial stress. We randomized 54 healthy subjects double-blind to 5-day treatment with a single daily oral dosage of either 100 mg aspirin plus 80 mg propranolol combined, 100 mg of aspirin, 80 mg of propranolol, or placebo medication. Thereafter, subjects underwent a 13-min standardized psychosocial stressor. Plasma levels of clotting factor VIII activity were determined immediately before, immediately after, 45 min and 105 min after stress. Controlling for demographic, metabolic, and life style factors repeated measures analysis of covariance showed that the change in clotting factor VIII activity from prestress to 105 min poststress differed between medication groups (P U 0.023; partial h 2 U 0.132). The clotting factor VIII activity level decreased from prestress to immediately poststress in the aspirin/propranolol group relative to the placebo group (P U 0.048) and the aspirin group (P < 0.06). Between 45 min and 105 min poststress, clotting factor VIII levels increased in the aspirin/propranolol group relative to the placebo group (P U 0.007) and the aspirin group (P U 0.039). The stress response in clotting factor VIII activity levels was not significantly different between the aspirin/propranolol group and the propranolol group. Propranolol in combination with aspirin diminished the acute response in clotting factor VIII activity to psychosocial stress compared with placebo medication and aspirin alone. The effect of single aspirin on the acute clotting factor VIII stress response was indistinguishable from a placebo effect.
Even though chronic stress is a pervasive problem in contemporary societies and is known to poten... more Even though chronic stress is a pervasive problem in contemporary societies and is known to potentially precede both adverse psychological as well as physiological conditions, its effects on decision making have not been systematically investigated. In this paper, we focus on the relation between self-reported chronic stress and self-reported as well as behaviorally shown social preferences. We measured chronic stress with the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress [1, 2]. To determine social preferences, participants played a double anonymous dictator game. In order to control for the robustness of social preferences we employed a 2x2x2x2 design where we manipulated four variables: the frame (Give to Recipient vs. Take from Recipient), the decision maker’s gender (Female vs. Male), the recipient’s gender (Female vs. Male), and the nature of the reward (Real vs. Hypothetical). Results show that perceived chronic stress is not significantly related to social preferences in monetarily rewarded dictator decisions for either gender. However, women’s displayed preferences for hypothetical rewards are negatively correlated to chronic stress levels. This indicates that higher chronic stress in women is associated with lower hypothetical transfers but not with altered actual behavior as compared to non-stressed women. For men, we do not observe such effects. Our findings suggest that, while chronic stress leaves social preferences unaffected in an incentive compatible task, it might foster what could be interpreted as a decrease in self-image promotion in women. Thus, we conclude that in a thoroughly controlled behavioral task differences in reported chronic stress do not entail differences in social preferences, but promote relate to variation in hypothetical decisions for women.
European Journal of Psychotraumatology, Sep 10, 2012
Stress is a common condition of human life and is significantly involved in the maintenance of he... more Stress is a common condition of human life and is significantly involved in the maintenance of health or development of disease. This article starts with a brief description of the origin of the term stress. Then the comprehensive definition of stress proposed by Levine and Ursin (1991) is presented. Stress leads to numerous responses of the endocrine, cardiovascular, and immune system in an attempt to adapt to internal or external challenges. The main endocrine stress systems of the body are the sympathetic–adrenal–medullary (SAM) axis and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which trigger the release of the catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) from the adrenal medulla and glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol) from the adrenal cortex, respectively. The release of stress-related hormones support the adaptation process of the organism to changes and can protect the body in the short run. In contrast, the bodily responses to stress can cause damage in the long run and can finally promote development of several stress-related diseases. The biological ‘costs’ of short-term adaptation to stress are described as allostatic load following a model introduced by McEwen and Stellar (1993).
Menopause International, Sep 1, 2008
Stress influences health and disease and this might be of special relevance for ageing. The prese... more Stress influences health and disease and this might be of special relevance for ageing. The present review starts with the description of age-associated changes of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In this context, the possible modulatory role of estradiol is discussed. Later, the influence of rising stress hormone levels for the ageing brain is illustrated and a few intervention strategies are outlined. At the end, the concept of allostatic load (AL) is described, which aims at a broader assessment of the impact of stress on the individual. The strengths and also the current limitations of the AL concept are highlighted.
Elsevier eBooks, 2007
Publisher Summary This introductory chapter gives an overview on the biological bases of the stre... more Publisher Summary This introductory chapter gives an overview on the biological bases of the stress response. The major components of the stress response system are the corticotropin–releasing hormone (CRH) and the locus coeruleus (LC)–noradrenaline/autonomic system with their peripheral effectors, the pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic system. After an introduction on stress, the chapter discusses the physiological stress research encompassing the origin of stress research, definitions of stress, stress research, and McEwen's concept of allostatic load, along with the major components of biological stress response system. In the body, the stress system interacts with several other important physiological systems. Therefore, other stress-responsive classical endocrine axes like the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, the hypothalamus–pituitary–growth hormone (HPGH) axis, the hypothalamus–pituitary–prolactinergic (HPP) system, and the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis are also introduced. Furthermore, two important stress-responsive systems, the immune system and the blood coagulation system, are addressed.
Clinical Science, Jun 23, 2004
Sustained effects of SNS (sympathetic nervous system) and HPAA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal ax... more Sustained effects of SNS (sympathetic nervous system) and HPAA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) hyperactivity on haemostasis have not been investigated. In the present study, we tested for an association of overnight urinary catecholamine and cortisol excretion with morning plasma levels of fibrinogen, PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) and D-dimer. Participants (639 male industrial employees) with a complete dataset were studied (age, 41 + − 11 years; mean + − S.D.). Subjects collected overnight urinary samples and had a fasting morning blood sample drawn. Measurement of urinary adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and cortisol were dichotomized to perform multivariate analyses of (co)variance. Haemostatic parameters were measured by ELISA. Fibrinogen was higher in men with high adrenaline (F 7,631 = 5.68, P = 0.018; where the subscripted value represents the degrees of freedom) and high noradrenaline (F 7,631 = 4.19, P = 0.041) compared with men with low excretion of the respective hormones. PAI-1 was higher in men with high cortisol than in men with low cortisol (F 7,631 = 4.77, P = 0.029). Interaction revealed that subjects with high cortisol/low noradrenaline had higher PAI-1 than subjects with low cortisol/high noradrenaline (P = 0.038). Subjects with high adrenaline/high noradrenaline had higher D-dimer than subjects with high adrenaline/low noradrenaline (P = 0.029), low adrenaline/high noradrenaline (P = 0.022) and low adrenaline/low noradrenaline (not significant). When covariance for several confounders of haemostatic function was determined, the main effect of adrenaline on fibrinogen and the interaction between adrenaline and noradrenaline for D-dimer maintained significance. Although overnight SNS hyperactivity was associated independently with morning hypercoagulability, the relationship between the activity of HPAA and haemostasis was mediated by traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie, Sep 1, 2004
Das so genannte Typ-D-Muster (hohe negative Affektivität und soziale Inhibition) gilt als ein mög... more Das so genannte Typ-D-Muster (hohe negative Affektivität und soziale Inhibition) gilt als ein mögliches Risikocluster für die Prognose von Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit (KHK). Die belgisch-niederländische Arbeitsgruppe um Denollet konnte wiederholt eine ungünstigere Prognose von KHK-Patienten mit Typ D belegen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollte eine deutschsprachige Version der von Denollet entwickelten 14-Item-Typ-D-Skala (DS14) auf ihre Validität und Eignung an einer Stichprobe von insgesamt 2421 psychosomatischen und kardiologischen Patienten sowie ¹gesundenª Fabrikarbeitern überprüft werden. Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf gute teststatistische Kennwerte. Cronbach's a lag bei 0,86 für die Subskala Soziale Inhibition bzw. bei 0,87 für Negative Affektivität. Die 2-faktorielle Struktur des Originalinstrumentes lieû sich klar replizieren. Erwartungsgemäû enge Korrelationen fanden sich mit konstruktverwandten Persönlichkeits-und Symptomskalen. Eine Faktorenanalyse über alle Instrumente zeigte zwei analoge Dimensionen: negative Affektivität und Extraversion/soziale Hemmung. Die Prävalenzraten des Typ-D-Musters waren in der Gruppe der kardiologischen Patienten mit 25 % am geringsten und bei psychosomatischen Patienten mit 62 % am höchsten. Auch im Vergleich mit der Nichtpatiententeilstichprobe (32,5 %) und vorliegenden internationalen Befunden zeigten deutsche Herzpatienten niedrigere Prävalenzraten. Diese lieûen sich multivariat nicht durch Grup
Behavioural Brain Research
Encyclopedia of Stress, 2007
Elsevier eBooks, 2007
More than 10 years ago, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was introduced as a standardized prot... more More than 10 years ago, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was introduced as a standardized protocol for the induction of moderate psychosocial stress in laboratory settings. This article provides an up-to-date description of the TSST protocol and a brief review of a decade of research with the TSST.
Psychoneuroendocrinology, Jul 1, 2019
Stress is an ubiquitous phenomenon with significant impact on human physiology when it lasts too ... more Stress is an ubiquitous phenomenon with significant impact on human physiology when it lasts too long, when it is too intense, or when it hits vulnerable individuals. Examining the mechanisms linking stress exposure with health and disease is an important endeavor in psychoneuroendocrine research. Empirical evidence so far revealed large intra-as well as inter-individual variability in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses to acute psychosocial stress, showing that the HPA axis is a highly adaptive system. Thus, the characterization of intra-und inter-individual patterns of HPA axis reactivity is of high scientific interest and forms the basis on which mechanistic links between stress response (dys)regulation and health impairments can be examined. To date, basic knowledge has been, and still is, accumulated on demographic, biological (including genetic and epigenetic) factors, lifestyle behavioral variables, consumption of substances and medication, psychological and personality factors, as well as on methodological aspects. Besides this, there is also very recent progress in respect to the development of laboratory stress paradigms that can be applied in virtual reality or inside an MRIscanner. In sum, the present review updates our current knowledge on moderating and intervening factors as sources of intra-und inter-individual variability in human cortisol stress responses and offers recommendations for future research designs.
Psychology and Neuroscience, Mar 1, 2023
Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Jul 1, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Stress, Nov 18, 2020
There is increasing empirical evidence that social distance and timing affect prosocial behavior ... more There is increasing empirical evidence that social distance and timing affect prosocial behavior after acute stress exposure. The present study focused on everyday moral decision-making after acute psychosocial stress and how it is influenced by effects of social closeness and timing. We exposed 40 young healthy men to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST, n = 20) or its non-stressful placebo version (PTSST, n = 20). Moral decision-making was assessed early (+10 until +30 min) and late (+75 until +95 min) after (P)TSST exposure by the Everyday Moral Conflict Situations (EMCS) Scale (Singer et al., 2019). The EMCS Scale requests altruistic versus egoistic responses to everyday moral conflict situations with varying closeness of target persons. Results revealed significantly higher total percentages of altruistic decisions in the stress than in the control condition and for scenarios involving socially close (e.g., mother) versus socially distant (e.g., stranger) protagonists, while the main effect of timing was nonsignificant. Only secondary analyses showed increased altruistic decision-making after acute stress exposure towards socially close but not towards distant protagonists at the early but not at the late point of measurement. Moreover, psychological stress responses and personality traits were significantly associated with EMCS scores. Positive correlations between cortisol levels and altruistic decision-making were descriptively observable, but did not reach statistical significance. In sum, our findings suggest increased altruistic decision-making towards socially close compared to socially distant protagonists and provide further evidence that acute stress influences decisionmaking in everyday moral conflict scenarios in a prosocial manner.
Psychoneuroendocrinology, May 1, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Feb 22, 2005
Objectives: Vital exhaustion has been shown to predict the progression and manifestation of cardi... more Objectives: Vital exhaustion has been shown to predict the progression and manifestation of cardiovascular disease. Little is known about the relationship between vital exhaustion and overcommitment, the inability to withdraw from obligations at work. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between vital exhaustion and overcommitment at work, as measured by the intrinsic-effort scale of the effort-reward model after consideration of other potentially salutogenetic and pathogenetic working conditions. Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on a stratified random sample of 634 employees (mean age 39.9 years, standard deviation 10.7 years) from a manufacturing and assembly plant for aeroplane parts. Participants completed a questionnaire, which included the nine-item shortened Maastricht exhaustion questionnaire to score the dependent variable exhaustion, and the six-item short form of the intrinsic-effort scale (''immersion'') of the effort-reward-imbalance model as the primary independent variable. Perceived work stress was assessed by Siegrist's effort-reward-imbalance questionnaire and the 52-item, 13 subscale salutogenetic subjective work assessment (SALSA) questionnaire, which focuses on indicators of perceived work stress in terms of pathogenetic and salutogenetic descriptors of decision latitude, psychological job demands, and social support. Additional candidate covariates included depression, anxiety and typeD personality. Results: In regression analysis, overcommitment (r=0.516; P<0.0001) was independently associated with vital exhaustion. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that overcommitment explained 27% of the variance of vital exhaustion. Conclusions: Overcommitment, indicating an exhaustive work-related coping style, is independently associated with vital exhaustion. It appears to be an important personality trait that may contribute to feelings of exhaustion at times of increased job strain.
Psychoneuroendocrinology, Jul 1, 2019
Stress is an ubiquitous phenomenon with significant impact on human physiology when it lasts too ... more Stress is an ubiquitous phenomenon with significant impact on human physiology when it lasts too long, when it is too intense, or when it hits vulnerable individuals. Examining the mechanisms linking stress exposure with health and disease is an important endeavor in psychoneuroendocrine research. Empirical evidence so far revealed large intra-as well as inter-individual variability in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses to acute psychosocial stress, showing that the HPA axis is a highly adaptive system. Thus, the characterization of intra-und inter-individual patterns of HPA axis reactivity is of high scientific interest and forms the basis on which mechanistic links between stress response (dys)regulation and health impairments can be examined. To date, basic knowledge has been, and still is, accumulated on demographic, biological (including genetic and epigenetic) factors, lifestyle behavioral variables, consumption of substances and medication, psychological and personality factors, as well as on methodological aspects. Besides this, there is also very recent progress in respect to the development of laboratory stress paradigms that can be applied in virtual reality or inside an MRIscanner. In sum, the present review updates our current knowledge on moderating and intervening factors as sources of intra-und inter-individual variability in human cortisol stress responses and offers recommendations for future research designs.
Psychology and Neuroscience, Mar 1, 2023
Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis, 2008
Activity of clotting factor VIII has been shown to acutely increase with sympathetic nervous syst... more Activity of clotting factor VIII has been shown to acutely increase with sympathetic nervous system stimulation. We investigated whether aspirin and propranolol affect the responsiveness of plasma clotting factor VIII activity levels to acute psychosocial stress. We randomized 54 healthy subjects double-blind to 5-day treatment with a single daily oral dosage of either 100 mg aspirin plus 80 mg propranolol combined, 100 mg of aspirin, 80 mg of propranolol, or placebo medication. Thereafter, subjects underwent a 13-min standardized psychosocial stressor. Plasma levels of clotting factor VIII activity were determined immediately before, immediately after, 45 min and 105 min after stress. Controlling for demographic, metabolic, and life style factors repeated measures analysis of covariance showed that the change in clotting factor VIII activity from prestress to 105 min poststress differed between medication groups (P U 0.023; partial h 2 U 0.132). The clotting factor VIII activity level decreased from prestress to immediately poststress in the aspirin/propranolol group relative to the placebo group (P U 0.048) and the aspirin group (P < 0.06). Between 45 min and 105 min poststress, clotting factor VIII levels increased in the aspirin/propranolol group relative to the placebo group (P U 0.007) and the aspirin group (P U 0.039). The stress response in clotting factor VIII activity levels was not significantly different between the aspirin/propranolol group and the propranolol group. Propranolol in combination with aspirin diminished the acute response in clotting factor VIII activity to psychosocial stress compared with placebo medication and aspirin alone. The effect of single aspirin on the acute clotting factor VIII stress response was indistinguishable from a placebo effect.
Even though chronic stress is a pervasive problem in contemporary societies and is known to poten... more Even though chronic stress is a pervasive problem in contemporary societies and is known to potentially precede both adverse psychological as well as physiological conditions, its effects on decision making have not been systematically investigated. In this paper, we focus on the relation between self-reported chronic stress and self-reported as well as behaviorally shown social preferences. We measured chronic stress with the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress [1, 2]. To determine social preferences, participants played a double anonymous dictator game. In order to control for the robustness of social preferences we employed a 2x2x2x2 design where we manipulated four variables: the frame (Give to Recipient vs. Take from Recipient), the decision maker’s gender (Female vs. Male), the recipient’s gender (Female vs. Male), and the nature of the reward (Real vs. Hypothetical). Results show that perceived chronic stress is not significantly related to social preferences in monetarily rewarded dictator decisions for either gender. However, women’s displayed preferences for hypothetical rewards are negatively correlated to chronic stress levels. This indicates that higher chronic stress in women is associated with lower hypothetical transfers but not with altered actual behavior as compared to non-stressed women. For men, we do not observe such effects. Our findings suggest that, while chronic stress leaves social preferences unaffected in an incentive compatible task, it might foster what could be interpreted as a decrease in self-image promotion in women. Thus, we conclude that in a thoroughly controlled behavioral task differences in reported chronic stress do not entail differences in social preferences, but promote relate to variation in hypothetical decisions for women.
European Journal of Psychotraumatology, Sep 10, 2012
Stress is a common condition of human life and is significantly involved in the maintenance of he... more Stress is a common condition of human life and is significantly involved in the maintenance of health or development of disease. This article starts with a brief description of the origin of the term stress. Then the comprehensive definition of stress proposed by Levine and Ursin (1991) is presented. Stress leads to numerous responses of the endocrine, cardiovascular, and immune system in an attempt to adapt to internal or external challenges. The main endocrine stress systems of the body are the sympathetic–adrenal–medullary (SAM) axis and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which trigger the release of the catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) from the adrenal medulla and glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol) from the adrenal cortex, respectively. The release of stress-related hormones support the adaptation process of the organism to changes and can protect the body in the short run. In contrast, the bodily responses to stress can cause damage in the long run and can finally promote development of several stress-related diseases. The biological ‘costs’ of short-term adaptation to stress are described as allostatic load following a model introduced by McEwen and Stellar (1993).
Menopause International, Sep 1, 2008
Stress influences health and disease and this might be of special relevance for ageing. The prese... more Stress influences health and disease and this might be of special relevance for ageing. The present review starts with the description of age-associated changes of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In this context, the possible modulatory role of estradiol is discussed. Later, the influence of rising stress hormone levels for the ageing brain is illustrated and a few intervention strategies are outlined. At the end, the concept of allostatic load (AL) is described, which aims at a broader assessment of the impact of stress on the individual. The strengths and also the current limitations of the AL concept are highlighted.
Elsevier eBooks, 2007
Publisher Summary This introductory chapter gives an overview on the biological bases of the stre... more Publisher Summary This introductory chapter gives an overview on the biological bases of the stress response. The major components of the stress response system are the corticotropin–releasing hormone (CRH) and the locus coeruleus (LC)–noradrenaline/autonomic system with their peripheral effectors, the pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic system. After an introduction on stress, the chapter discusses the physiological stress research encompassing the origin of stress research, definitions of stress, stress research, and McEwen's concept of allostatic load, along with the major components of biological stress response system. In the body, the stress system interacts with several other important physiological systems. Therefore, other stress-responsive classical endocrine axes like the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, the hypothalamus–pituitary–growth hormone (HPGH) axis, the hypothalamus–pituitary–prolactinergic (HPP) system, and the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis are also introduced. Furthermore, two important stress-responsive systems, the immune system and the blood coagulation system, are addressed.
Clinical Science, Jun 23, 2004
Sustained effects of SNS (sympathetic nervous system) and HPAA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal ax... more Sustained effects of SNS (sympathetic nervous system) and HPAA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) hyperactivity on haemostasis have not been investigated. In the present study, we tested for an association of overnight urinary catecholamine and cortisol excretion with morning plasma levels of fibrinogen, PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) and D-dimer. Participants (639 male industrial employees) with a complete dataset were studied (age, 41 + − 11 years; mean + − S.D.). Subjects collected overnight urinary samples and had a fasting morning blood sample drawn. Measurement of urinary adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and cortisol were dichotomized to perform multivariate analyses of (co)variance. Haemostatic parameters were measured by ELISA. Fibrinogen was higher in men with high adrenaline (F 7,631 = 5.68, P = 0.018; where the subscripted value represents the degrees of freedom) and high noradrenaline (F 7,631 = 4.19, P = 0.041) compared with men with low excretion of the respective hormones. PAI-1 was higher in men with high cortisol than in men with low cortisol (F 7,631 = 4.77, P = 0.029). Interaction revealed that subjects with high cortisol/low noradrenaline had higher PAI-1 than subjects with low cortisol/high noradrenaline (P = 0.038). Subjects with high adrenaline/high noradrenaline had higher D-dimer than subjects with high adrenaline/low noradrenaline (P = 0.029), low adrenaline/high noradrenaline (P = 0.022) and low adrenaline/low noradrenaline (not significant). When covariance for several confounders of haemostatic function was determined, the main effect of adrenaline on fibrinogen and the interaction between adrenaline and noradrenaline for D-dimer maintained significance. Although overnight SNS hyperactivity was associated independently with morning hypercoagulability, the relationship between the activity of HPAA and haemostasis was mediated by traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie, Sep 1, 2004
Das so genannte Typ-D-Muster (hohe negative Affektivität und soziale Inhibition) gilt als ein mög... more Das so genannte Typ-D-Muster (hohe negative Affektivität und soziale Inhibition) gilt als ein mögliches Risikocluster für die Prognose von Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit (KHK). Die belgisch-niederländische Arbeitsgruppe um Denollet konnte wiederholt eine ungünstigere Prognose von KHK-Patienten mit Typ D belegen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollte eine deutschsprachige Version der von Denollet entwickelten 14-Item-Typ-D-Skala (DS14) auf ihre Validität und Eignung an einer Stichprobe von insgesamt 2421 psychosomatischen und kardiologischen Patienten sowie ¹gesundenª Fabrikarbeitern überprüft werden. Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf gute teststatistische Kennwerte. Cronbach's a lag bei 0,86 für die Subskala Soziale Inhibition bzw. bei 0,87 für Negative Affektivität. Die 2-faktorielle Struktur des Originalinstrumentes lieû sich klar replizieren. Erwartungsgemäû enge Korrelationen fanden sich mit konstruktverwandten Persönlichkeits-und Symptomskalen. Eine Faktorenanalyse über alle Instrumente zeigte zwei analoge Dimensionen: negative Affektivität und Extraversion/soziale Hemmung. Die Prävalenzraten des Typ-D-Musters waren in der Gruppe der kardiologischen Patienten mit 25 % am geringsten und bei psychosomatischen Patienten mit 62 % am höchsten. Auch im Vergleich mit der Nichtpatiententeilstichprobe (32,5 %) und vorliegenden internationalen Befunden zeigten deutsche Herzpatienten niedrigere Prävalenzraten. Diese lieûen sich multivariat nicht durch Grup
Behavioural Brain Research
Encyclopedia of Stress, 2007
Elsevier eBooks, 2007
More than 10 years ago, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was introduced as a standardized prot... more More than 10 years ago, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was introduced as a standardized protocol for the induction of moderate psychosocial stress in laboratory settings. This article provides an up-to-date description of the TSST protocol and a brief review of a decade of research with the TSST.
Psychoneuroendocrinology, Jul 1, 2019
Stress is an ubiquitous phenomenon with significant impact on human physiology when it lasts too ... more Stress is an ubiquitous phenomenon with significant impact on human physiology when it lasts too long, when it is too intense, or when it hits vulnerable individuals. Examining the mechanisms linking stress exposure with health and disease is an important endeavor in psychoneuroendocrine research. Empirical evidence so far revealed large intra-as well as inter-individual variability in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses to acute psychosocial stress, showing that the HPA axis is a highly adaptive system. Thus, the characterization of intra-und inter-individual patterns of HPA axis reactivity is of high scientific interest and forms the basis on which mechanistic links between stress response (dys)regulation and health impairments can be examined. To date, basic knowledge has been, and still is, accumulated on demographic, biological (including genetic and epigenetic) factors, lifestyle behavioral variables, consumption of substances and medication, psychological and personality factors, as well as on methodological aspects. Besides this, there is also very recent progress in respect to the development of laboratory stress paradigms that can be applied in virtual reality or inside an MRIscanner. In sum, the present review updates our current knowledge on moderating and intervening factors as sources of intra-und inter-individual variability in human cortisol stress responses and offers recommendations for future research designs.
Psychology and Neuroscience, Mar 1, 2023
Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Jul 1, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Stress, Nov 18, 2020
There is increasing empirical evidence that social distance and timing affect prosocial behavior ... more There is increasing empirical evidence that social distance and timing affect prosocial behavior after acute stress exposure. The present study focused on everyday moral decision-making after acute psychosocial stress and how it is influenced by effects of social closeness and timing. We exposed 40 young healthy men to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST, n = 20) or its non-stressful placebo version (PTSST, n = 20). Moral decision-making was assessed early (+10 until +30 min) and late (+75 until +95 min) after (P)TSST exposure by the Everyday Moral Conflict Situations (EMCS) Scale (Singer et al., 2019). The EMCS Scale requests altruistic versus egoistic responses to everyday moral conflict situations with varying closeness of target persons. Results revealed significantly higher total percentages of altruistic decisions in the stress than in the control condition and for scenarios involving socially close (e.g., mother) versus socially distant (e.g., stranger) protagonists, while the main effect of timing was nonsignificant. Only secondary analyses showed increased altruistic decision-making after acute stress exposure towards socially close but not towards distant protagonists at the early but not at the late point of measurement. Moreover, psychological stress responses and personality traits were significantly associated with EMCS scores. Positive correlations between cortisol levels and altruistic decision-making were descriptively observable, but did not reach statistical significance. In sum, our findings suggest increased altruistic decision-making towards socially close compared to socially distant protagonists and provide further evidence that acute stress influences decisionmaking in everyday moral conflict scenarios in a prosocial manner.
Psychoneuroendocrinology, May 1, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Feb 22, 2005
Objectives: Vital exhaustion has been shown to predict the progression and manifestation of cardi... more Objectives: Vital exhaustion has been shown to predict the progression and manifestation of cardiovascular disease. Little is known about the relationship between vital exhaustion and overcommitment, the inability to withdraw from obligations at work. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between vital exhaustion and overcommitment at work, as measured by the intrinsic-effort scale of the effort-reward model after consideration of other potentially salutogenetic and pathogenetic working conditions. Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on a stratified random sample of 634 employees (mean age 39.9 years, standard deviation 10.7 years) from a manufacturing and assembly plant for aeroplane parts. Participants completed a questionnaire, which included the nine-item shortened Maastricht exhaustion questionnaire to score the dependent variable exhaustion, and the six-item short form of the intrinsic-effort scale (''immersion'') of the effort-reward-imbalance model as the primary independent variable. Perceived work stress was assessed by Siegrist's effort-reward-imbalance questionnaire and the 52-item, 13 subscale salutogenetic subjective work assessment (SALSA) questionnaire, which focuses on indicators of perceived work stress in terms of pathogenetic and salutogenetic descriptors of decision latitude, psychological job demands, and social support. Additional candidate covariates included depression, anxiety and typeD personality. Results: In regression analysis, overcommitment (r=0.516; P<0.0001) was independently associated with vital exhaustion. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that overcommitment explained 27% of the variance of vital exhaustion. Conclusions: Overcommitment, indicating an exhaustive work-related coping style, is independently associated with vital exhaustion. It appears to be an important personality trait that may contribute to feelings of exhaustion at times of increased job strain.
Psychoneuroendocrinology, Jul 1, 2019
Stress is an ubiquitous phenomenon with significant impact on human physiology when it lasts too ... more Stress is an ubiquitous phenomenon with significant impact on human physiology when it lasts too long, when it is too intense, or when it hits vulnerable individuals. Examining the mechanisms linking stress exposure with health and disease is an important endeavor in psychoneuroendocrine research. Empirical evidence so far revealed large intra-as well as inter-individual variability in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses to acute psychosocial stress, showing that the HPA axis is a highly adaptive system. Thus, the characterization of intra-und inter-individual patterns of HPA axis reactivity is of high scientific interest and forms the basis on which mechanistic links between stress response (dys)regulation and health impairments can be examined. To date, basic knowledge has been, and still is, accumulated on demographic, biological (including genetic and epigenetic) factors, lifestyle behavioral variables, consumption of substances and medication, psychological and personality factors, as well as on methodological aspects. Besides this, there is also very recent progress in respect to the development of laboratory stress paradigms that can be applied in virtual reality or inside an MRIscanner. In sum, the present review updates our current knowledge on moderating and intervening factors as sources of intra-und inter-individual variability in human cortisol stress responses and offers recommendations for future research designs.
Psychology and Neuroscience, Mar 1, 2023