Brooke Brady - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Brooke Brady
Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2020
Physical inactivity is a key risk factor for dementia, yet physical inactivity is common in older... more Physical inactivity is a key risk factor for dementia, yet physical inactivity is common in older adults. Increasing physical activity levels in this population is an urgent health priority. Automatic, context‐dependent habits may play an important role in physical activity behaviour. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity behaviours and their automaticity in older people.
Innovation in Aging, 2020
Sufficient physical activity is crucial to maintaining independence, health and wellbeing during ... more Sufficient physical activity is crucial to maintaining independence, health and wellbeing during ageing, yet physical inactivity is common in older people. Identifying factors associated with physical activity engagement is essential to develop novel approaches to increase activity in older people. Automatic, context-dependent habits may play an important role in physical activity behaviour. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity behaviours and their automaticity in older people. 123 community dwelling Australians aged over 65 – 88 years (M=72.2; 81 women), recruited from participant registries, hospital noticeboards and community groups, completed an online questionnaire. Current physical activity levels were measured using the Incidental and Planned Exercise Questionnaire, and automaticity of those physical activity behaviours were measured using the Self-Report Habit Automaticity Index. Participants also reported demographic information,...
Objective: Despite theoretical models emphasizing the likely importance of adaptive decision-maki... more Objective: Despite theoretical models emphasizing the likely importance of adaptive decision-making to maintaining safety on the roads, there has been a lack of research investigating this topic. This exploratory study aimed to determine if decision-making under risk conditions, as measured by the Game of Dice Task (GDT), can explain additional variance in on-road driving safety beyond other well-validated predictors. Method: Two hundred and thirty-nine cognitively normal Australian drivers aged 65-96 completed demographic and health questionnaires, vision testing, a neurocognitive test battery assessing cognitive flexibility, cognitive interference, episodic memory, verbal working memory, verbal fluency, and visuospatial function, the GDT-a lab-based assessment of decision-making under risk conditions, validated off-road driver screening measures and an on-road driving assessment along a standard route in urban traffic conditions administered by a trained Occupational Therapist (OT...
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
Journal of Interpersonal Violence
Fear of heterosexism—as distinct from actual experiences of heterosexism—plays a significant role... more Fear of heterosexism—as distinct from actual experiences of heterosexism—plays a significant role in staff and students lives on campus. Ambient workplace heterosexism provides a context for staff and students about what to expect from their peers and colleagues, and shapes the daily activities of those who perceive heterosexism as a regulating force. In this article, we consider the psychometrics of the Fear of Heterosexism Scale ( FoHS), which was integrated into a campus climate survey of Western Sydney University staff and students ( N = 3,106; n = 412). This scale was considered in relation to a range of associated factors, including perceived safety on campus, bystander efficacy, responsibility to intervene, and awareness of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer/questioning, asexual, and many other terms such as nonbinary and pansexual (LGBTIQA+) issues. In turn, the results of the FoHS are considered across a range of demographic factors such as gender, sexuali...
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
PeerJ
The process model of emotion regulation (ER) is based on stages in the emotion generative process... more The process model of emotion regulation (ER) is based on stages in the emotion generative process at which regulation may occur. This meta-analysis examines age-related differences in the subjective, behavioral, and physiological outcomes of instructed ER strategies that may be initiated after an emotional event has occurred; attentional deployment, cognitive change, and response modulation. Within-process strategy, stimulus type, and valence were also tested as potential moderators of the effect of age on ER. A systematic search of the literature identified 156 relevant comparisons from 11 studies. Few age-related differences were found. In our analysis of the subjective outcome of response modulation strategies, young adults used expressive enhancement successfully (g = 0.48), but not expressive suppression (g = 0.04). Response modulation strategies had a small positive effect among older adults, and enhancement vs suppression did not moderate this success (g = 0.31 and g = 0.10, ...
International Review of Victimology
Discrimination, harassment and violence can vitiate staff and students’ experiences of education ... more Discrimination, harassment and violence can vitiate staff and students’ experiences of education and work. Although there is increasing knowledge about these experiences in primary and secondary education, very little is known about them in higher education. This paper draws from landmark research that examines the interpersonal, educational and socio-cultural perspectives that prevail about sexuality and gender diversity on an Australian university campus. In this paper we focus on three aspects of the broader research findings: the heterosexism and cissexism experienced by sexuality and gender diverse students and staff at the university; their actions and responses to these experiences; and the impact of these experiences on victims. The research demonstrates that although the university is generally safe, sexuality and gender diverse students and staff experience heterosexist and cissexist discrimination, which can have negative ramifications on their workplace and learning expe...
The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, Jan 17, 2018
The degree to which older adults experience emotional empathy and show subsequent prosocial behav... more The degree to which older adults experience emotional empathy and show subsequent prosocial behavior versus experience personal distress in response to another's distress remains unclear. Young (n = 40; 17-29 years) and older (n = 39; 61-82 years) adults watched videos of individuals expressing pain or no pain. Pain mimicry was recorded using facial electromyography. Participants were then asked if they would spend the remaining time helping the experimenter. Self-reported tendency to suppress or reappraise emotion was assessed, as well as trait and state emotional empathy and personal distress. Pain mimicry was associated with reduced trait suppression in older adults. In both age groups, greater emotional empathy, averaged across video condition, was associated with increased helping. In addition, relative to young adults, older adults reported more personal distress and emotional reactivity in response to the videos, but were just as willing to help. They also put more effort...
The British journal of clinical psychology, Jan 27, 2018
To examine the psychometric properties of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) among a samp... more To examine the psychometric properties of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) among a sample of older community-dwelling males and females and to also assess gender differences in the association between emotion regulation and positive and negative affect. The ERQ and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-10 were administered to 252 older adults (age range 60-89 years; 48.4% female). The two ERQ subscales, reappraisal and suppression, were internally consistent. Reappraisal was positively correlated with positive affect among both genders, and negatively correlated with negative affect among older women only. Suppression was positively correlated with negative affect among older men only and unrelated to positive affect for both genders. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a two-factor solution fits the data from both genders. The results provide evidence to support the ERQ for use with older adults, while identifying clinically important gender differences in the as...
International Psychogeriatrics
ABSTRACT Background: Four constructs are encompassed by the term &quo... more ABSTRACT Background: Four constructs are encompassed by the term "falls-related psychological concerns" (FrPC); "fear of falling" (FOF), "falls-related self-efficacy" (FSe), "balance confidence" (BC) and "outcome expectancy" (OE). FrPC are associated with negative consequences including physical, psychological, and social. Identifying factors associated with FrPC could inform interventions to reduce these concerns. Methods: Sixty-two empirical papers relating to psychological factors associated with FrPC in community-dwelling older people (CDOP) were reviewed. Four levels of evidence were used when evaluating the literature: good, moderate, tentative, and none. Results: Evidence that anxiety predicted FOF, BC, and OE was tentative. Moderate evidence was found for anxiety predicting FSe. Good evidence was found for depression predicting FSe. Moderate evidence was found for depression predicting both FOF and BC. No evidence was found for depression predicting OE. Tentative evidence was found for FSe predicting depression. Good and moderate evidence was found for quality of life (QoL) being predicted by FOF and BC respectively. Tentative evidence was found for FSe predicting QoL. Moderate evidence was found for QoL predicting both FSe and BC. No evidence was found for QoL predicting FOF. Good and moderate evidence was found for activity avoidance/restriction (AA/AR) being predicted by FOF and FSe respectively. Tentative evidence was found for BC and OE predicting AA/AR, as well as for AA/AR predicting FOF. Moderate evidence for activity level (AL) predicting FOF was identified, however the evidence of this predicting FSe and BC was tentative. Evidence for FOF, FSe, and BC predicting AL was tentative as was evidence to suggest FOF predicted coping. Conclusions: Mixed evidence has been found for the association of psychological factors in association with FrPCs. Future research should employ theoretically grounded concepts, use multivariate analysis and longitudinal designs.
Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2020
Physical inactivity is a key risk factor for dementia, yet physical inactivity is common in older... more Physical inactivity is a key risk factor for dementia, yet physical inactivity is common in older adults. Increasing physical activity levels in this population is an urgent health priority. Automatic, context‐dependent habits may play an important role in physical activity behaviour. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity behaviours and their automaticity in older people.
Innovation in Aging, 2020
Sufficient physical activity is crucial to maintaining independence, health and wellbeing during ... more Sufficient physical activity is crucial to maintaining independence, health and wellbeing during ageing, yet physical inactivity is common in older people. Identifying factors associated with physical activity engagement is essential to develop novel approaches to increase activity in older people. Automatic, context-dependent habits may play an important role in physical activity behaviour. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity behaviours and their automaticity in older people. 123 community dwelling Australians aged over 65 – 88 years (M=72.2; 81 women), recruited from participant registries, hospital noticeboards and community groups, completed an online questionnaire. Current physical activity levels were measured using the Incidental and Planned Exercise Questionnaire, and automaticity of those physical activity behaviours were measured using the Self-Report Habit Automaticity Index. Participants also reported demographic information,...
Objective: Despite theoretical models emphasizing the likely importance of adaptive decision-maki... more Objective: Despite theoretical models emphasizing the likely importance of adaptive decision-making to maintaining safety on the roads, there has been a lack of research investigating this topic. This exploratory study aimed to determine if decision-making under risk conditions, as measured by the Game of Dice Task (GDT), can explain additional variance in on-road driving safety beyond other well-validated predictors. Method: Two hundred and thirty-nine cognitively normal Australian drivers aged 65-96 completed demographic and health questionnaires, vision testing, a neurocognitive test battery assessing cognitive flexibility, cognitive interference, episodic memory, verbal working memory, verbal fluency, and visuospatial function, the GDT-a lab-based assessment of decision-making under risk conditions, validated off-road driver screening measures and an on-road driving assessment along a standard route in urban traffic conditions administered by a trained Occupational Therapist (OT...
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
Journal of Interpersonal Violence
Fear of heterosexism—as distinct from actual experiences of heterosexism—plays a significant role... more Fear of heterosexism—as distinct from actual experiences of heterosexism—plays a significant role in staff and students lives on campus. Ambient workplace heterosexism provides a context for staff and students about what to expect from their peers and colleagues, and shapes the daily activities of those who perceive heterosexism as a regulating force. In this article, we consider the psychometrics of the Fear of Heterosexism Scale ( FoHS), which was integrated into a campus climate survey of Western Sydney University staff and students ( N = 3,106; n = 412). This scale was considered in relation to a range of associated factors, including perceived safety on campus, bystander efficacy, responsibility to intervene, and awareness of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer/questioning, asexual, and many other terms such as nonbinary and pansexual (LGBTIQA+) issues. In turn, the results of the FoHS are considered across a range of demographic factors such as gender, sexuali...
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
PeerJ
The process model of emotion regulation (ER) is based on stages in the emotion generative process... more The process model of emotion regulation (ER) is based on stages in the emotion generative process at which regulation may occur. This meta-analysis examines age-related differences in the subjective, behavioral, and physiological outcomes of instructed ER strategies that may be initiated after an emotional event has occurred; attentional deployment, cognitive change, and response modulation. Within-process strategy, stimulus type, and valence were also tested as potential moderators of the effect of age on ER. A systematic search of the literature identified 156 relevant comparisons from 11 studies. Few age-related differences were found. In our analysis of the subjective outcome of response modulation strategies, young adults used expressive enhancement successfully (g = 0.48), but not expressive suppression (g = 0.04). Response modulation strategies had a small positive effect among older adults, and enhancement vs suppression did not moderate this success (g = 0.31 and g = 0.10, ...
International Review of Victimology
Discrimination, harassment and violence can vitiate staff and students’ experiences of education ... more Discrimination, harassment and violence can vitiate staff and students’ experiences of education and work. Although there is increasing knowledge about these experiences in primary and secondary education, very little is known about them in higher education. This paper draws from landmark research that examines the interpersonal, educational and socio-cultural perspectives that prevail about sexuality and gender diversity on an Australian university campus. In this paper we focus on three aspects of the broader research findings: the heterosexism and cissexism experienced by sexuality and gender diverse students and staff at the university; their actions and responses to these experiences; and the impact of these experiences on victims. The research demonstrates that although the university is generally safe, sexuality and gender diverse students and staff experience heterosexist and cissexist discrimination, which can have negative ramifications on their workplace and learning expe...
The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, Jan 17, 2018
The degree to which older adults experience emotional empathy and show subsequent prosocial behav... more The degree to which older adults experience emotional empathy and show subsequent prosocial behavior versus experience personal distress in response to another's distress remains unclear. Young (n = 40; 17-29 years) and older (n = 39; 61-82 years) adults watched videos of individuals expressing pain or no pain. Pain mimicry was recorded using facial electromyography. Participants were then asked if they would spend the remaining time helping the experimenter. Self-reported tendency to suppress or reappraise emotion was assessed, as well as trait and state emotional empathy and personal distress. Pain mimicry was associated with reduced trait suppression in older adults. In both age groups, greater emotional empathy, averaged across video condition, was associated with increased helping. In addition, relative to young adults, older adults reported more personal distress and emotional reactivity in response to the videos, but were just as willing to help. They also put more effort...
The British journal of clinical psychology, Jan 27, 2018
To examine the psychometric properties of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) among a samp... more To examine the psychometric properties of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) among a sample of older community-dwelling males and females and to also assess gender differences in the association between emotion regulation and positive and negative affect. The ERQ and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-10 were administered to 252 older adults (age range 60-89 years; 48.4% female). The two ERQ subscales, reappraisal and suppression, were internally consistent. Reappraisal was positively correlated with positive affect among both genders, and negatively correlated with negative affect among older women only. Suppression was positively correlated with negative affect among older men only and unrelated to positive affect for both genders. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a two-factor solution fits the data from both genders. The results provide evidence to support the ERQ for use with older adults, while identifying clinically important gender differences in the as...
International Psychogeriatrics
ABSTRACT Background: Four constructs are encompassed by the term &quo... more ABSTRACT Background: Four constructs are encompassed by the term "falls-related psychological concerns" (FrPC); "fear of falling" (FOF), "falls-related self-efficacy" (FSe), "balance confidence" (BC) and "outcome expectancy" (OE). FrPC are associated with negative consequences including physical, psychological, and social. Identifying factors associated with FrPC could inform interventions to reduce these concerns. Methods: Sixty-two empirical papers relating to psychological factors associated with FrPC in community-dwelling older people (CDOP) were reviewed. Four levels of evidence were used when evaluating the literature: good, moderate, tentative, and none. Results: Evidence that anxiety predicted FOF, BC, and OE was tentative. Moderate evidence was found for anxiety predicting FSe. Good evidence was found for depression predicting FSe. Moderate evidence was found for depression predicting both FOF and BC. No evidence was found for depression predicting OE. Tentative evidence was found for FSe predicting depression. Good and moderate evidence was found for quality of life (QoL) being predicted by FOF and BC respectively. Tentative evidence was found for FSe predicting QoL. Moderate evidence was found for QoL predicting both FSe and BC. No evidence was found for QoL predicting FOF. Good and moderate evidence was found for activity avoidance/restriction (AA/AR) being predicted by FOF and FSe respectively. Tentative evidence was found for BC and OE predicting AA/AR, as well as for AA/AR predicting FOF. Moderate evidence for activity level (AL) predicting FOF was identified, however the evidence of this predicting FSe and BC was tentative. Evidence for FOF, FSe, and BC predicting AL was tentative as was evidence to suggest FOF predicted coping. Conclusions: Mixed evidence has been found for the association of psychological factors in association with FrPCs. Future research should employ theoretically grounded concepts, use multivariate analysis and longitudinal designs.