Bruce Vaughn - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Bruce Vaughn
Annals of Glaciology, 2014
On 1 December 2011 the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice-core project reached its final ... more On 1 December 2011 the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice-core project reached its final depth of 3405 m. The WAIS Divide ice core is not only the longest US ice core to date, but is also the highest-quality deep ice core, including ice from the brittle ice zone, that the US has ever recovered. The methods used at WAIS Divide to handle and log the drilled ice, the procedures used to safely retrograde the ice back to the US National Ice Core Laboratory (NICL) and the methods used to process and sample the ice at the NICL are described and discussed.
Antarctic Research Series, 1998
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2014
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2014
ABSTRACT [1] Using observational data from 2007 to 2010 at the Waliguan and Shangdianzi stations ... more ABSTRACT [1] Using observational data from 2007 to 2010 at the Waliguan and Shangdianzi stations in China, atmospheric CO2, its δ13C composition, and their potential relationship with sources and sinks are studied. Results suggest that at WLG station, both CO2 and δ13C possess long-term trends and seasonal cycles that correlate well with each other. CO2 and δ13C inter-annual variations indicate terrestrial ecosystem source-sink seasonal features in the mid- to high-latitude Northern Hemisphere. CO2 annual means vary from 384.0 ppm to 390.2 ppm and increase in an approximately linear manner with a mean annual growth rate of 2.1 ± 0.1 ppm. The δ13C annual means vary from -8.30‰ to -8.35‰ and decrease almost linearly with a mean annual rate of -0.02‰ ± 0.001‰. Under the given conditions of terrestrial biosphere and anthropogenic activities at SDZ station, the CO2 annual means vary from 385.1 ppm to 390.6 ppm and approximately increase linearly with a mean annual growth rate of 1.8 ± 0.1 ppm. The peak-to-peak annual seasonal amplitude is 23.0 ppm. The δ13C annual means vary from -8.27‰ to -8.36‰ between 2009 and 2010. Mean values of -25.44‰ ± 0.72‰ and -21.70‰ ± 0.67‰ for the respective sources are obtained at WLG and SDZ. The estimated δs values are negative in winter and spring than in summer and autumn at WLG. While because substantial C4 photosynthesis taking place in summer and biomass burning strongly contribute in winter, the estimated δs values at SDZ are unusual heavier throughout the year and positive than those at WLG.
The Earth’s atmosphere is critical to life on Earth and human activities have been altering its c... more The Earth’s atmosphere is critical to life on Earth and human activities have been altering its composition since at least the industrial revolution. The global climate change during the twenty-first century will very likely be larger than that observed during the twentieth century. Atmospheric monitoring programs provide critical observations with long-term direct measurements of greenhouse gases and their isotopes that
ABSTRACT Background/Question/Methods Stable isotopes provide robust information on the structure,... more ABSTRACT Background/Question/Methods Stable isotopes provide robust information on the structure, function, and processes of ecological systems and can be powerful tools to address continental scale ecological issues. For example, δ18O and δD undergo predictable transformations in the hydrological cycle that allow tracing of water sources throughout the biosphere and climate system, and facilitate partitioning of energy balance and evaporation components. Therefore, the H2O isotopic atmospheric measurements are a key data product in the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). However, maintaining long-term (30 years) consistency and traceability to IAEA reference standards, and minimizing the uncertainties in measurements made over a large range of humidity conditions, are a great challenge in the NEON design. Here, we present the NEON strategy for both laboratory and field calibration of laser based cavity ring-down spectroscopic (CRDS) instruments for water isotope measurements. The overall strategy includes: preparing and maintaining multiple in-house water standards for lab and field calibration, which are traceable to IAEA reference standards; performing Allan variance tests to characterize the stability of the instruments and determine the steady state for measurement; quantifying the specific humidity dependence of individual instruments; distinguishing the affects of memory and instrument drift. All of the above determine the frequency of field calibrations necessary. Results/Conclusions In-house water standards have been created from a variety of filtered meteoric waters over a range of ~40 per mil δ 18O, which are traceable to IAEA reference standards and properly stored to supply for the lab and field calibrations for decades. Allan variance tests indicate that different units require different length of time to reach steady state condition for valid measurements and should be characterized prior to and during field deployment. Humidity dependency tests show clear non-linear response function of δ 18O and δD measurements to humidity when water vapor concentration is < 5000 ppm, thus requiring careful post-measurement corrections. Due to sticky nature of the water, memory effects in the instrument are observed, and memory factors are calculated to apply the necessary corrections. Because of the instrument drift, multiple automated calibrations are recommended to minimize the measurement uncertainties and normalize to the VSMOW scale.
ABSTRACT Background/Question/Methods Stable isotope analyses provide robust information on the st... more ABSTRACT Background/Question/Methods Stable isotope analyses provide robust information on the structure, function, and processes of ecological systems. As such, they provide unique information as part of each National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Fundamental Instrument Unit (FIU). NEON’s science grand challenge questions surround the ecology of: biodiversity, ecohydrology, biogeochemical cycles, infectious diseases, climate change, invasive species, land-use, and emerging issues–are all addressed at some level through the use of isotope measurements. For example, δ18O and δD undergo predictable transformations in the hydrological cycle that allow tracing of water sources geographical origin, reconstruction of climate, and calculation of energy balance and evaporation. δ13C can be used as an integrated measure of plant stress and plant water use efficiency as reflected in the ratio of leaf internal and external CO2 concentration (ci/ca). δ13C discrimination by a range of biotic processes also assist in our ability to partition larger fluxes into their sources. Because of the scale of this initiative, new challenges in how to apply these techniques have emerged. Managing the standards and long-term (30-y) traceability key among them. For example, the amount of primary δ18O standards (IAEA) made annually is only a small fraction of what is needed, and they are held as a community resource. Results/Conclusions Here, we describe the results of NEON’s strategy to ensure the representativeness of new innovative isotope measurements (laser spectroscopy) at scales of the continent (>1000s km) to microclimate (vertical profiles through the plant canopy). These results include i) how large quantities of working standards can be made, how they are traceable to primary-community held-standards and how they can me maintained over NEON’s 30-y operational life, ii) the design and uncertainties in automating isotopic measurements across the continent, iii) innovative strategies for calibration, and iv) QA/QC methods to optimize the science returns.
Red clayey paleosols that are chiefly the product of aerosolic dust deposition are interbedded in... more Red clayey paleosols that are chiefly the product of aerosolic dust deposition are interbedded in the Quaternary carbonate formations of the Bermuda oceanic island system. These paleosols provide a basis for reconstructing Quaternary atmospheric circulation patterns in the northwestern Atlantic. Geochemical analyses were performed on representative paleosol samples to identify their parent dust source. Fine-grained fractions were analyzed by energy-dispersive X ray fluorescence to determine trace element (Zr, Y, La, Ti, and Nb) concentrations and to derive geochemical signatures based on immobile element ratios. These ratios were compared with geochemical signatures determined for three possible sources of airborne dust: (1) Great Plains loess, (2) Mississippi River Valley loess, and (3) Saharan dust. The Zr/Y and Zr/La ratios provided the clearest distinction between the hypothesized dust sources. The low ratios in the paleosol B horizons most closely resemble Saharan dust in the <2-/•m size class fraction. Contributions from the two North American loessial source areas could not be clearly detected. Thus Bermuda paleosols have a predominantly Saharan aerosolic dust signature. Saharan dust deposition on Bermuda during successive Quaternary glacial periods is consistent with patterns of general circulation models, which indicate that during glacial maxima the northeast summer trade winds were stronger than at present and reached latitudes higher than 30øN despite lower-than-present sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic.
The concentration of atmospheric CO2 over the North Atlantic basin, downwind from the continent o... more The concentration of atmospheric CO2 over the North Atlantic basin, downwind from the continent of North America, is on average somewhat lower than over the North Pacific basin. The reason could be unexpectedly large uptake of CO2 on the North American continent, larger "local" uptake of CO2 by the North Atlantic than by the North Pacific, or some combination of the two. Our analysis of these hypotheses is strongly data-oriented. Use is made of spatial gradients of other atmospheric species, namely the isotopic ratio 13C/12C of CO2, CO, SF6 in order to arrive at an estimate of a sink in North America. The 13C/12C ratio of CO2 is enriched over the North Atlantic relative to the Pacific, suggesting the presence of a biological sink upwind of the Atlantic. Sampling stations in both basins are not located at the same latitudes, so that the contamination of the (small) east-west differences by the (larger) north-south gradient has to be removed. Statistical uncertainty of the concentration differences is estimated by a Monte Carlo technique in which observation stations are added and removed.
The stable oxygen isotopic ratio of carbon dioxide can potentially track fundamental indicators o... more The stable oxygen isotopic ratio of carbon dioxide can potentially track fundamental indicators of environmental change such as the balance between photosynthesis and respiration on regional to global scales. The Stable Isotope Laboratory (SIL) at the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado at Boulder, has measured the stable isotopes of atmospheric carbon dioxide from more than 60 NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) air flask-sampling sites since the early 1990s. If air is sampled without drying, oxygen can exchange between carbon dioxide and water in the flasks, entirely masking the desired signal. An attempt to investigate how water vapor is affecting the delta18O signal is accomplished by comparing the SIL measurements with specific humidity, calculated from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) global integrated surface hourly temperature and dew point database, at the time of sampling. Analysis of sites where samples have been collected initially without drying, and subsequently with a drying kit, in conjunction with the humidity data, has led to several conclusions. Samples that initially appear isotopically unaltered, in that their delta18O values are within the expected range, are being subtly influenced by the water vapor in the air. At Bermuda and other tropical to semi-tropical sites, the 'wet' sampling values have a seasonal cycle that is strongly anti-correlated to the specific humidity, while the 'dry' values have a seasonal cycle that is shifted earlier than the specific humidity cycle by 1-2 months. The latter phasing is expected given the seasonal phasing between climate over the ocean and land, while the former is consistent with a small, but measurable isotope exchange in the flasks. In addition, we note that there is a strong (r > 0.96) correlation between the average specific humidity and the percent of rejected samples for 'wet' sampling. This presents an opportunity for determining a threshold of specific humidity, below which air flask samples can be trusted. This approach may allow segregation of suspect and trusted data, and thus provide an improved record of oxygen isotopic ratios of carbon dioxide over the past two decades.
Page 1. Autosampler DAS Reservoir with Submersible Pump Standard Vials Flow Cell CPVU Vaporizer A... more Page 1. Autosampler DAS Reservoir with Submersible Pump Standard Vials Flow Cell CPVU Vaporizer Aaron van Pelt1, Priya Gupta1, Gregor Hsiao1, Iain Green1; Bruce Vaughn2, Valerie Claymore2 1 Picarro, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA; ...
ABSTRACT The climatic information stored in ice cores spans up to 800,000 years and the apparent ... more ABSTRACT The climatic information stored in ice cores spans up to 800,000 years and the apparent temporal resolution allows for identification of rapid climatic events. Up to now this information could be extracted via the discrete sampling of the ice core, a procedure that was intensive in terms of manpower and instrument time and in most cases did not exploit the temporal resolution available in the ice. Infra red spectroscopy in combination with melter systems, was recently used for the on line analysis of water isotopes and gases in ice cores, with a precision that is comparable or better to what can be achieved with conventional mass spectrometry techniques and with the possibility to deploy analytical systems and perform measurements in the field. High throughput, unprecedented spatial and thus temporal resolution, as well as simultaneous analysis of different proxies are some of the benefits of this technique. However this new regime of operation, calls for a slightly different approach regarding calibration procedures, assessment of precision and resolution and last but not least depth and consequently ice age registration. In this talk I will describe the modus operandi of the system deployed on the north Greenland ice sheet during the NEEM ice core project and explain the methods that were used to calibrate and characterize it's precision, resolution and long-term stability. High-resolution δ18O, δD and Deuterium excess data over climatic transitions will be presented and the pottential applications/advances for paleoclimate studies will be addressed. Similar systems currently in developement, intented to perform online high resolution isotope analysis on other ice cores will be briefly described. Finally, I will give an overview of future developements in infrared spectroscopy that are relevant for ice core studies and can pottentially open new paths for multispecies high resolution detection.
Annals of Glaciology, 2014
On 1 December 2011 the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice-core project reached its final ... more On 1 December 2011 the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice-core project reached its final depth of 3405 m. The WAIS Divide ice core is not only the longest US ice core to date, but is also the highest-quality deep ice core, including ice from the brittle ice zone, that the US has ever recovered. The methods used at WAIS Divide to handle and log the drilled ice, the procedures used to safely retrograde the ice back to the US National Ice Core Laboratory (NICL) and the methods used to process and sample the ice at the NICL are described and discussed.
Antarctic Research Series, 1998
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2014
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2014
ABSTRACT [1] Using observational data from 2007 to 2010 at the Waliguan and Shangdianzi stations ... more ABSTRACT [1] Using observational data from 2007 to 2010 at the Waliguan and Shangdianzi stations in China, atmospheric CO2, its δ13C composition, and their potential relationship with sources and sinks are studied. Results suggest that at WLG station, both CO2 and δ13C possess long-term trends and seasonal cycles that correlate well with each other. CO2 and δ13C inter-annual variations indicate terrestrial ecosystem source-sink seasonal features in the mid- to high-latitude Northern Hemisphere. CO2 annual means vary from 384.0 ppm to 390.2 ppm and increase in an approximately linear manner with a mean annual growth rate of 2.1 ± 0.1 ppm. The δ13C annual means vary from -8.30‰ to -8.35‰ and decrease almost linearly with a mean annual rate of -0.02‰ ± 0.001‰. Under the given conditions of terrestrial biosphere and anthropogenic activities at SDZ station, the CO2 annual means vary from 385.1 ppm to 390.6 ppm and approximately increase linearly with a mean annual growth rate of 1.8 ± 0.1 ppm. The peak-to-peak annual seasonal amplitude is 23.0 ppm. The δ13C annual means vary from -8.27‰ to -8.36‰ between 2009 and 2010. Mean values of -25.44‰ ± 0.72‰ and -21.70‰ ± 0.67‰ for the respective sources are obtained at WLG and SDZ. The estimated δs values are negative in winter and spring than in summer and autumn at WLG. While because substantial C4 photosynthesis taking place in summer and biomass burning strongly contribute in winter, the estimated δs values at SDZ are unusual heavier throughout the year and positive than those at WLG.
The Earth’s atmosphere is critical to life on Earth and human activities have been altering its c... more The Earth’s atmosphere is critical to life on Earth and human activities have been altering its composition since at least the industrial revolution. The global climate change during the twenty-first century will very likely be larger than that observed during the twentieth century. Atmospheric monitoring programs provide critical observations with long-term direct measurements of greenhouse gases and their isotopes that
ABSTRACT Background/Question/Methods Stable isotopes provide robust information on the structure,... more ABSTRACT Background/Question/Methods Stable isotopes provide robust information on the structure, function, and processes of ecological systems and can be powerful tools to address continental scale ecological issues. For example, δ18O and δD undergo predictable transformations in the hydrological cycle that allow tracing of water sources throughout the biosphere and climate system, and facilitate partitioning of energy balance and evaporation components. Therefore, the H2O isotopic atmospheric measurements are a key data product in the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). However, maintaining long-term (30 years) consistency and traceability to IAEA reference standards, and minimizing the uncertainties in measurements made over a large range of humidity conditions, are a great challenge in the NEON design. Here, we present the NEON strategy for both laboratory and field calibration of laser based cavity ring-down spectroscopic (CRDS) instruments for water isotope measurements. The overall strategy includes: preparing and maintaining multiple in-house water standards for lab and field calibration, which are traceable to IAEA reference standards; performing Allan variance tests to characterize the stability of the instruments and determine the steady state for measurement; quantifying the specific humidity dependence of individual instruments; distinguishing the affects of memory and instrument drift. All of the above determine the frequency of field calibrations necessary. Results/Conclusions In-house water standards have been created from a variety of filtered meteoric waters over a range of ~40 per mil δ 18O, which are traceable to IAEA reference standards and properly stored to supply for the lab and field calibrations for decades. Allan variance tests indicate that different units require different length of time to reach steady state condition for valid measurements and should be characterized prior to and during field deployment. Humidity dependency tests show clear non-linear response function of δ 18O and δD measurements to humidity when water vapor concentration is < 5000 ppm, thus requiring careful post-measurement corrections. Due to sticky nature of the water, memory effects in the instrument are observed, and memory factors are calculated to apply the necessary corrections. Because of the instrument drift, multiple automated calibrations are recommended to minimize the measurement uncertainties and normalize to the VSMOW scale.
ABSTRACT Background/Question/Methods Stable isotope analyses provide robust information on the st... more ABSTRACT Background/Question/Methods Stable isotope analyses provide robust information on the structure, function, and processes of ecological systems. As such, they provide unique information as part of each National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Fundamental Instrument Unit (FIU). NEON’s science grand challenge questions surround the ecology of: biodiversity, ecohydrology, biogeochemical cycles, infectious diseases, climate change, invasive species, land-use, and emerging issues–are all addressed at some level through the use of isotope measurements. For example, δ18O and δD undergo predictable transformations in the hydrological cycle that allow tracing of water sources geographical origin, reconstruction of climate, and calculation of energy balance and evaporation. δ13C can be used as an integrated measure of plant stress and plant water use efficiency as reflected in the ratio of leaf internal and external CO2 concentration (ci/ca). δ13C discrimination by a range of biotic processes also assist in our ability to partition larger fluxes into their sources. Because of the scale of this initiative, new challenges in how to apply these techniques have emerged. Managing the standards and long-term (30-y) traceability key among them. For example, the amount of primary δ18O standards (IAEA) made annually is only a small fraction of what is needed, and they are held as a community resource. Results/Conclusions Here, we describe the results of NEON’s strategy to ensure the representativeness of new innovative isotope measurements (laser spectroscopy) at scales of the continent (>1000s km) to microclimate (vertical profiles through the plant canopy). These results include i) how large quantities of working standards can be made, how they are traceable to primary-community held-standards and how they can me maintained over NEON’s 30-y operational life, ii) the design and uncertainties in automating isotopic measurements across the continent, iii) innovative strategies for calibration, and iv) QA/QC methods to optimize the science returns.
Red clayey paleosols that are chiefly the product of aerosolic dust deposition are interbedded in... more Red clayey paleosols that are chiefly the product of aerosolic dust deposition are interbedded in the Quaternary carbonate formations of the Bermuda oceanic island system. These paleosols provide a basis for reconstructing Quaternary atmospheric circulation patterns in the northwestern Atlantic. Geochemical analyses were performed on representative paleosol samples to identify their parent dust source. Fine-grained fractions were analyzed by energy-dispersive X ray fluorescence to determine trace element (Zr, Y, La, Ti, and Nb) concentrations and to derive geochemical signatures based on immobile element ratios. These ratios were compared with geochemical signatures determined for three possible sources of airborne dust: (1) Great Plains loess, (2) Mississippi River Valley loess, and (3) Saharan dust. The Zr/Y and Zr/La ratios provided the clearest distinction between the hypothesized dust sources. The low ratios in the paleosol B horizons most closely resemble Saharan dust in the <2-/•m size class fraction. Contributions from the two North American loessial source areas could not be clearly detected. Thus Bermuda paleosols have a predominantly Saharan aerosolic dust signature. Saharan dust deposition on Bermuda during successive Quaternary glacial periods is consistent with patterns of general circulation models, which indicate that during glacial maxima the northeast summer trade winds were stronger than at present and reached latitudes higher than 30øN despite lower-than-present sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic.
The concentration of atmospheric CO2 over the North Atlantic basin, downwind from the continent o... more The concentration of atmospheric CO2 over the North Atlantic basin, downwind from the continent of North America, is on average somewhat lower than over the North Pacific basin. The reason could be unexpectedly large uptake of CO2 on the North American continent, larger "local" uptake of CO2 by the North Atlantic than by the North Pacific, or some combination of the two. Our analysis of these hypotheses is strongly data-oriented. Use is made of spatial gradients of other atmospheric species, namely the isotopic ratio 13C/12C of CO2, CO, SF6 in order to arrive at an estimate of a sink in North America. The 13C/12C ratio of CO2 is enriched over the North Atlantic relative to the Pacific, suggesting the presence of a biological sink upwind of the Atlantic. Sampling stations in both basins are not located at the same latitudes, so that the contamination of the (small) east-west differences by the (larger) north-south gradient has to be removed. Statistical uncertainty of the concentration differences is estimated by a Monte Carlo technique in which observation stations are added and removed.
The stable oxygen isotopic ratio of carbon dioxide can potentially track fundamental indicators o... more The stable oxygen isotopic ratio of carbon dioxide can potentially track fundamental indicators of environmental change such as the balance between photosynthesis and respiration on regional to global scales. The Stable Isotope Laboratory (SIL) at the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado at Boulder, has measured the stable isotopes of atmospheric carbon dioxide from more than 60 NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) air flask-sampling sites since the early 1990s. If air is sampled without drying, oxygen can exchange between carbon dioxide and water in the flasks, entirely masking the desired signal. An attempt to investigate how water vapor is affecting the delta18O signal is accomplished by comparing the SIL measurements with specific humidity, calculated from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) global integrated surface hourly temperature and dew point database, at the time of sampling. Analysis of sites where samples have been collected initially without drying, and subsequently with a drying kit, in conjunction with the humidity data, has led to several conclusions. Samples that initially appear isotopically unaltered, in that their delta18O values are within the expected range, are being subtly influenced by the water vapor in the air. At Bermuda and other tropical to semi-tropical sites, the 'wet' sampling values have a seasonal cycle that is strongly anti-correlated to the specific humidity, while the 'dry' values have a seasonal cycle that is shifted earlier than the specific humidity cycle by 1-2 months. The latter phasing is expected given the seasonal phasing between climate over the ocean and land, while the former is consistent with a small, but measurable isotope exchange in the flasks. In addition, we note that there is a strong (r > 0.96) correlation between the average specific humidity and the percent of rejected samples for 'wet' sampling. This presents an opportunity for determining a threshold of specific humidity, below which air flask samples can be trusted. This approach may allow segregation of suspect and trusted data, and thus provide an improved record of oxygen isotopic ratios of carbon dioxide over the past two decades.
Page 1. Autosampler DAS Reservoir with Submersible Pump Standard Vials Flow Cell CPVU Vaporizer A... more Page 1. Autosampler DAS Reservoir with Submersible Pump Standard Vials Flow Cell CPVU Vaporizer Aaron van Pelt1, Priya Gupta1, Gregor Hsiao1, Iain Green1; Bruce Vaughn2, Valerie Claymore2 1 Picarro, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA; ...
ABSTRACT The climatic information stored in ice cores spans up to 800,000 years and the apparent ... more ABSTRACT The climatic information stored in ice cores spans up to 800,000 years and the apparent temporal resolution allows for identification of rapid climatic events. Up to now this information could be extracted via the discrete sampling of the ice core, a procedure that was intensive in terms of manpower and instrument time and in most cases did not exploit the temporal resolution available in the ice. Infra red spectroscopy in combination with melter systems, was recently used for the on line analysis of water isotopes and gases in ice cores, with a precision that is comparable or better to what can be achieved with conventional mass spectrometry techniques and with the possibility to deploy analytical systems and perform measurements in the field. High throughput, unprecedented spatial and thus temporal resolution, as well as simultaneous analysis of different proxies are some of the benefits of this technique. However this new regime of operation, calls for a slightly different approach regarding calibration procedures, assessment of precision and resolution and last but not least depth and consequently ice age registration. In this talk I will describe the modus operandi of the system deployed on the north Greenland ice sheet during the NEEM ice core project and explain the methods that were used to calibrate and characterize it's precision, resolution and long-term stability. High-resolution δ18O, δD and Deuterium excess data over climatic transitions will be presented and the pottential applications/advances for paleoclimate studies will be addressed. Similar systems currently in developement, intented to perform online high resolution isotope analysis on other ice cores will be briefly described. Finally, I will give an overview of future developements in infrared spectroscopy that are relevant for ice core studies and can pottentially open new paths for multispecies high resolution detection.