Bruno Bêche - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Bruno Bêche
Optical Sensors 2021
The sedimentation of solid particles in a liquid is a physical phenomenon that necessitate to be ... more The sedimentation of solid particles in a liquid is a physical phenomenon that necessitate to be well understood and measured in several cases. In medical diagnosis, a knowledge of the sedimentation speed of red blood cells for example, allows the early diagnosis of various inflammations. In study, optical Micro-Resonators (MRs) are used as sensors to track the dynamical phenomenon of sedimentation of a cloud of nano-particles in water, and the associated consequences on the spectral characteristics of the guided mode are analyzed. A MR is characterized by its eigenvalue, namely the effective index of an optical mode propagating inside. A progressive modification of the environment thus induces a temporal variation of the effective index. Such a variation can be measured by the tracking of the Free Spectral Range (FSR) of the transduced spectra against time. The transduced optical signal is then directed towards an Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) from which spectra are acquired against time. A millimeter tank filled with water is judiciously deposited on the surface of the chip, before the adding of the solution of nano-particles. The spectra are acquired during the whole duration of the process of sedimentation. The data collected this way are then compared to a simple theoretical model describing the sedimentation of a spherical particle in water. Moreover, the sedimentation theory and the derivation of the speed of sedimentation of a spherical particle is presented, plus the presentation of the experimental setup, from the fabrication of the photonic structure by photolithography, to the inclusion of this circuit in an optical characterization platform and the presentation of the data acquisition and treatment program. The experimental results are analyzed and discussed. The differences are around 10% over the theoretical Stokes velocities relating to such sedimentation process. An overall generic curve or spectral response is clearly demonstrated on these sedimentation processes.
Integrated Photonics Platforms: Fundamental Research, Manufacturing and Applications, 2020
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2016
Within the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle it is explicitly discussed the impact of these ineq... more Within the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle it is explicitly discussed the impact of these inequalities on the theory of integrated photonics at sub-wavelength regime. More especially, the uncertainty of the effective index values in nanophotonics at sub-wavelength regime, which is defined as the eigenvalue of the overall opto-geometric problems in integrated photonics, appears directly stemming from Heisenberg's uncertainty. An apt formula is obtained allowing us to assume that the incertitude and the notion of eigenvalue called effective optical index or propagation constant is inversely proportional to the spatial dimensions of a given nanostructure yielding a transfer of the fuzziness on relevant senses of eigenvalues below a specific limit's volume.
Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics, 2008
This paper deals with a theoretical study of pedestal waveguides. An extension of the Marcatili m... more This paper deals with a theoretical study of pedestal waveguides. An extension of the Marcatili method has been developed in order to adapt this analytical method to pedestal structures. Simulations are performed for two different T-pedestal waveguide (T-PW) configurations corresponding respectively to a high and a lower core to pedestal widths ratio (T-PW I and T-PW II). Each configuration is
Applied Physics Letters, 2013
In this study we demonstrate the use of eco-friendly native spider silk as an efficient optical f... more In this study we demonstrate the use of eco-friendly native spider silk as an efficient optical fiber in air, in highly bent fibers and in physiological liquid. We also integrated the silk filament in a photonic chip made of polymer microstructures fabricated by UV lithography. The molding process is non-destructive for silk and leads to an efficient micro-optical coupling between silk and synthetic optical structures. This optical performances, combined with the unique biocompatibility, bioresorbability, flexibility and tensile strength of silk filaments paves the way for new applications in biological media and for original biophotonic purposes.
Current-controlling loudspeakers has been investigated since a significant time and is known as q... more Current-controlling loudspeakers has been investigated since a significant time and is known as quite appreciated by demanding audiophiles. Today’s new market research clearly moves to investigate on adequate innovative designs together with simple theoretical solutions to deal with their residual non-linear properties. Hence, this paper aims to present a compact analytical approach allowing to synthesize the harmonic distortion hindering the audio quality of electrodynamic loudspeakers, while considering separately the influence of the changes of their main constitutive parameters. As a great convenience the relevant compact way to shape Taylor polynomials provides simple expressions describing the first five harmonic distortion lines on the whole spectrum: Proceeding so clearly highlights the critical influence of each given parameter. Besides consistency when compared with numerical analysis operated with the Simulink ® software, this approach may be easily implemented with a sta...
In integrated photonics, the calculation of the solutions regarding the propagation equations mod... more In integrated photonics, the calculation of the solutions regarding the propagation equations modes may be summed up as a problem with eigenvalues and eigenvectors to be solved. Based on such global principle, we have investigated the ability to monitor the impact of a lack of material (or void) on the evolution of eigenvalues of waveguides. To this end, specific families of resonators have been designed with several slits nano-inscribed upon them. The signal resonant light is then characterized while considering the whole geometry taking account of the void: thus, it contains the information regarding the pre-defined recessed volume. The UV 210 polymer is processed (deep UV 248 nm) so as to shape specific slots within a set of waveguides. Then, such waveguides have been re-looped as micro-resonators circuits with a view to measuring experimentally relevant variations of the eigenvalue considering the Free Spectral Range (FSR) associated with resonances. Experiments allowed us to hi...
Journal of Optics, 2015
We report on the propagation performance comparison of two waveguide structures obtained from the... more We report on the propagation performance comparison of two waveguide structures obtained from the same UV210 photoresist. Ridge waveguide structures were fabricated by deep ultraviolet photolithography, and photoinscripted strip waveguides were realized by the same process, excluding the last development step. Structural and optical studies were carried out for both waveguide families, highlighting a well-controlled photolithography process. Predictions of the propagating modes were also led using the beam propagation method, showing a good agreement with experiments in single-mode propagation. Propagation losses were evaluated at 635 nm by cut-back measurement, showing mean loss values that are slightly lower for photoinscripted waveguides than for ridge waveguides. UV210 photoinscripted waveguides thus combine a fast and low-cost process, reduced optical losses, and a planar surface with as many advantages for more complex integrated components.
2013 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/IQEC, 2013
ABSTRACT form only given. Silk fibers produced by nature are among the most interesting materials... more ABSTRACT form only given. Silk fibers produced by nature are among the most interesting materials. Besides their high degree of biocompatibility, they are bioresorbable, ecologically friendly, and offer excellent mechanical properties. In particular, silks of spider and worm have aroused a huge interest as seen by the large literature on their structural organization [1, 2]. Thanks to material engineering possibility [3, 4], regenerated worm silk has been intensively studied and used in different fields such as electronics and photonics [5, 6]. On the other hand, native silks fibers are utilized in textile applications and in surgery procedures but have not yet deserved attention for photonic applications. However, the exceptional mechanical properties of natural silk mainly originate from an elaborated hierarchical organization which has not yet been reproduced in regenerated silk.We demonstrate the promising optical fiber behavior of pristine dragline silk from the spider Nephila clavipes, as well as its integration in a photonic chip made of synthetic polymer microstructures patterned by UV-lithography. The spinning process of the native fiber leads to a diameter of 5 microns, homogeneous over long distances. Since silk manipulation is straightforward, optical propagation in straight and loop configurations has been validated. In free space, attenuation coefficient (propagation losses) and coupling losses were estimated by the cut-back method on straight fiber at 10.5 dB/cm and 10 dB, respectively.In addition, the integration of the pristine silk fiber on a photonic chip and working optical hybrid devices based on synthetic polymer and natural silk fibers were demonstrated. Fig. 1a) is a scanning electron microscope of a chip composed of native spider silk embedded in SU8 microstructures (disk-reservoirs MD1 and MD2) designed by UV-lithography7. During light injection in a SU8 waveguide connected to MD1, light propagates to MD1 where light is confined at the edge- of the disk. Fig. 1b is a micro-beam profile of the chip during light injection and shows that light is confined along the silk fiber and at the edges of MD2. This confirms the optical coupling between synthetic polymer microstructures and silk fiber. These results highlight the potential role of this unique material for biophotonic applications either in free space or in integrated chip for which light propagation and/or sensing in biocompatible media is needed.
Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XIII, 2009
We report on the first developments for a new approach of integrated photonic using optical evane... more We report on the first developments for a new approach of integrated photonic using optical evanescent coupling from organic microstructures to bundles of hybrid nanotubes (NT). Microstructures are organic disks acting as photon reservoirs, integrated on a photonic chip fabricated by micro-technologic processes. Biomimetic peptidic/ silica nanotubes are realized by molecular self-assembly allowing high aspect ratio. Such heterostructures have been included directly on the organic chip as an innovative solution based on nanotubes in situ chipapproach. The latter allowed us to obtain an adequate evanescent coupling localized between micronic-disks and bundles of nanotubes. As a result, we highlight a specific photonic propagation along various heterostructured- NT-bundles featuring distances beyond the centimeter and losses from 1.2 to 6.6 dB/cm. It presents an advantageous confinement of the optical mode marked with strong energy localizations between nanotubes.
Spiritual leadership is creation of values, attitude and behavior which is required to motivate o... more Spiritual leadership is creation of values, attitude and behavior which is required to motivate one's selves and other by intrinsic motivation to achieve spiritual survival sense through calling and membership. Impact of spiritual leadership in developing relationship between leader and follower are value creation in harmony, empowerment of member and individual, increase psychology aspect and welfare until the organizational commitment is achieved. The objectives of the research are to gain knowledge regarding influence of spiritual leadership to organizational commitment through calling and membership. This research was conducted to 50 employees of PT Asuransi Takaful Keluarga Marketing Office in East Java. Analysis technique used to test the hypothesis is Partial Least Square (PLS).Based on analysis result, we conclude that: (1) spiritual leadership is has significant influence to calling (2) spiritual leadership has significant influence to membership (3) calling has significant influence to organizational commitment and (4) membership has significant influence to organizational commitment.
Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2017
A fast hybrid composed and numerical method for the calculation of eigenvalues (effective indices... more A fast hybrid composed and numerical method for the calculation of eigenvalues (effective indices) and eigenvectors (optical modes) of a slab waveguide presenting a radius of curvature is presented in this letter. This compound method combines a conformal transformation of the complex plane plus a multilayer matrix formalism addressing directly the modified index profile obtained by the conformal transformation; the matrix formalism is then applied in second step so as to discretize and slice the profile in a virtual multilayer structure. This method being conveniently operable on a personal computer in a short amount of time and is easy to implement. Its results are then compared to values afforded with the commercial vectorial software COMSOL 3D so as to discuss their accuracy.
In this study, we are interested in giant tapers operating in a totally Multi-Mode Interference (... more In this study, we are interested in giant tapers operating in a totally Multi-Mode Interference (MMI) regime capable of producing still an adequate single-mode field at the output. The idea is therefore to provide an answer on a possible giant acceptable limit of such MMI tapers still causing a single-mode output and then determining which opto-geometric parameters on this simple mathematical object and geometry act on the behavior. To this end, we have defined energy criteria per volume at the output. We consider families of tapers with a constant height corresponding to the output rib waveguide and a triangle shape. Each taper is defined by its input size, its length and its output size. The objective is to determine the minimum length of the taper to get enough energy or the desired guided mode(s) in the output waveguide. Two various approaches have been investigated and compared: numerical simulations by a finite element method (COMSOL) and a pure mathematical and geometrical st...
Optics Communications
Abstract The development and the ability of an optical integrated polymeric resonator, acting as ... more Abstract The development and the ability of an optical integrated polymeric resonator, acting as a surface light probe, for monitoring temperature-induced supramolecular phase transitions is presented in this work. The homogeneous detection of the transitions between different self-assembled structures in an aqueous solution of fatty acids (12-hydroxystearic acid, in association with amino-pentanol) was studied by investigating the coupling between the solution and the integrated photonic micro-cavity. Tuning the self-organized assemblies of surfactant is very attractive for many applications, such as cosmetic products, food, drug delivery and medical, and the development of alternative tools – especially those requiring minute amount of solution – to monitor their structural changes are essential. These original studies at temperatures ranging from 17 to 24 °C, based on a statistical treatment of optical resonance spectra, have evidenced the thermoresponsive nature of the optical features, and that different regimes occur with temperature. The optical results were corroborated with the measurement of the solution viscosity as a function of temperature, confirming that we can ascribe the optically-detected regimes to a surfactant assembly shifting reversibly from a tubular shape to a micellar one. The comparison between the optical and the rheological responses showed different accuracies: while the viscosity data exhibited a rather smooth and monotonous transition, the behavior changes were sharper and non-monotonous in terms of optical properties, allowing us to unambiguously identify in intermediate regime between 18.5 and 20 °C. These morphological transition experiments represent a unique opportunity to extend the numbers of available techniques studying these systems through integrated optical techniques with potential opportunities of real time detection and working on low sampling volume.
Nanotechnology, 2016
We investigate 1D nanostructures based on a Mo6@SU8 hybrid nanocomposite in which photoluminescen... more We investigate 1D nanostructures based on a Mo6@SU8 hybrid nanocomposite in which photoluminescent Mo6 clusters are embedded in the photosensitive SU8 resist. Tens of micrometers long Mo6@SU8-based tubular nanostructures were fabricated by the wetting template method, enabling the control of the inner and outer diameter to about 190 nm and 240 nm respectively, as supported by structural and optical characterizations. The image plane optical study of these nanotubes under optical pumping highlights the efficient waveguiding phenomenon of the red luminescence emitted by the clusters. Moreover, the wave vector distribution in the Fourier plane determined by leakage radiation microscopy gives additional features of the emission and waveguiding. First, the anisotropic red luminescence of the whole system can be attributed to the guided mode along the nanotube. Then, a low-loss propagation behavior is evidenced in the Mo6@SU8-based nanotubes. This result contrasts with the weaker waveguiding signature in the case of UV210-based nanotubes embedding PFO (poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)). It is attributed to the strong reabsorption phenomenon, owing to overlapping between absorption and emission bands in the semi-conducting conjugated polymer PFO. These results make this Mo6@SU8 original class of nanocomposite a promising candidate as nanosources for submicronic photonic integration.
Advanced Device Materials, 2015
We report and demonstrate the feasibility of a laterally coupled racetrack microresonator based o... more We report and demonstrate the feasibility of a laterally coupled racetrack microresonator based on UV210 photoresist to act as a thermal and glucose sensor. The large thermo-optic coefficient and the detection principle based on the interaction of the evanescent field with different glucose concentrations demonstrate that this sensor displays high sensitivity on detection properties. Deep-UV lithography procedures allow us to develop a laterally coupled microresonator with submicrometer patterns. The thermo-optic response of the racetrack microresonator is interrogated by using a NiCr alloy tip positioned on the top of the device. Temperatures ranging between 19 and 33ºC yield a red shift of the resonant wavelength with a linear sensitivity of 220 pm ºC-1. Additionally, the thermal tunability is successively demonstrated by covering the resonator with DI water. A blue shift of the resonant wavelength is obtained with a linear sensitivity of 200 pm ºC-1. The resonance optical properties under this top cladding conditions lead a Q-factor of 4000 with a finesse of 5.7. Glucose homogeneous sensing capability is also experimentally demonstrated. Different concentrations of glucose solutions result in a red shift of the resonant wavelengths with a linear sensitivity of 280 pm/(mg/ml). Finally, these results validate the laterally coupled racetrack microresonator as an operative photonic component for integrated optical devices such as optical filters applied on telecommunication, or transducer components devoted to assess biochemical interactions.
Optical Sensors 2021
The sedimentation of solid particles in a liquid is a physical phenomenon that necessitate to be ... more The sedimentation of solid particles in a liquid is a physical phenomenon that necessitate to be well understood and measured in several cases. In medical diagnosis, a knowledge of the sedimentation speed of red blood cells for example, allows the early diagnosis of various inflammations. In study, optical Micro-Resonators (MRs) are used as sensors to track the dynamical phenomenon of sedimentation of a cloud of nano-particles in water, and the associated consequences on the spectral characteristics of the guided mode are analyzed. A MR is characterized by its eigenvalue, namely the effective index of an optical mode propagating inside. A progressive modification of the environment thus induces a temporal variation of the effective index. Such a variation can be measured by the tracking of the Free Spectral Range (FSR) of the transduced spectra against time. The transduced optical signal is then directed towards an Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) from which spectra are acquired against time. A millimeter tank filled with water is judiciously deposited on the surface of the chip, before the adding of the solution of nano-particles. The spectra are acquired during the whole duration of the process of sedimentation. The data collected this way are then compared to a simple theoretical model describing the sedimentation of a spherical particle in water. Moreover, the sedimentation theory and the derivation of the speed of sedimentation of a spherical particle is presented, plus the presentation of the experimental setup, from the fabrication of the photonic structure by photolithography, to the inclusion of this circuit in an optical characterization platform and the presentation of the data acquisition and treatment program. The experimental results are analyzed and discussed. The differences are around 10% over the theoretical Stokes velocities relating to such sedimentation process. An overall generic curve or spectral response is clearly demonstrated on these sedimentation processes.
Integrated Photonics Platforms: Fundamental Research, Manufacturing and Applications, 2020
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2016
Within the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle it is explicitly discussed the impact of these ineq... more Within the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle it is explicitly discussed the impact of these inequalities on the theory of integrated photonics at sub-wavelength regime. More especially, the uncertainty of the effective index values in nanophotonics at sub-wavelength regime, which is defined as the eigenvalue of the overall opto-geometric problems in integrated photonics, appears directly stemming from Heisenberg's uncertainty. An apt formula is obtained allowing us to assume that the incertitude and the notion of eigenvalue called effective optical index or propagation constant is inversely proportional to the spatial dimensions of a given nanostructure yielding a transfer of the fuzziness on relevant senses of eigenvalues below a specific limit's volume.
Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics, 2008
This paper deals with a theoretical study of pedestal waveguides. An extension of the Marcatili m... more This paper deals with a theoretical study of pedestal waveguides. An extension of the Marcatili method has been developed in order to adapt this analytical method to pedestal structures. Simulations are performed for two different T-pedestal waveguide (T-PW) configurations corresponding respectively to a high and a lower core to pedestal widths ratio (T-PW I and T-PW II). Each configuration is
Applied Physics Letters, 2013
In this study we demonstrate the use of eco-friendly native spider silk as an efficient optical f... more In this study we demonstrate the use of eco-friendly native spider silk as an efficient optical fiber in air, in highly bent fibers and in physiological liquid. We also integrated the silk filament in a photonic chip made of polymer microstructures fabricated by UV lithography. The molding process is non-destructive for silk and leads to an efficient micro-optical coupling between silk and synthetic optical structures. This optical performances, combined with the unique biocompatibility, bioresorbability, flexibility and tensile strength of silk filaments paves the way for new applications in biological media and for original biophotonic purposes.
Current-controlling loudspeakers has been investigated since a significant time and is known as q... more Current-controlling loudspeakers has been investigated since a significant time and is known as quite appreciated by demanding audiophiles. Today’s new market research clearly moves to investigate on adequate innovative designs together with simple theoretical solutions to deal with their residual non-linear properties. Hence, this paper aims to present a compact analytical approach allowing to synthesize the harmonic distortion hindering the audio quality of electrodynamic loudspeakers, while considering separately the influence of the changes of their main constitutive parameters. As a great convenience the relevant compact way to shape Taylor polynomials provides simple expressions describing the first five harmonic distortion lines on the whole spectrum: Proceeding so clearly highlights the critical influence of each given parameter. Besides consistency when compared with numerical analysis operated with the Simulink ® software, this approach may be easily implemented with a sta...
In integrated photonics, the calculation of the solutions regarding the propagation equations mod... more In integrated photonics, the calculation of the solutions regarding the propagation equations modes may be summed up as a problem with eigenvalues and eigenvectors to be solved. Based on such global principle, we have investigated the ability to monitor the impact of a lack of material (or void) on the evolution of eigenvalues of waveguides. To this end, specific families of resonators have been designed with several slits nano-inscribed upon them. The signal resonant light is then characterized while considering the whole geometry taking account of the void: thus, it contains the information regarding the pre-defined recessed volume. The UV 210 polymer is processed (deep UV 248 nm) so as to shape specific slots within a set of waveguides. Then, such waveguides have been re-looped as micro-resonators circuits with a view to measuring experimentally relevant variations of the eigenvalue considering the Free Spectral Range (FSR) associated with resonances. Experiments allowed us to hi...
Journal of Optics, 2015
We report on the propagation performance comparison of two waveguide structures obtained from the... more We report on the propagation performance comparison of two waveguide structures obtained from the same UV210 photoresist. Ridge waveguide structures were fabricated by deep ultraviolet photolithography, and photoinscripted strip waveguides were realized by the same process, excluding the last development step. Structural and optical studies were carried out for both waveguide families, highlighting a well-controlled photolithography process. Predictions of the propagating modes were also led using the beam propagation method, showing a good agreement with experiments in single-mode propagation. Propagation losses were evaluated at 635 nm by cut-back measurement, showing mean loss values that are slightly lower for photoinscripted waveguides than for ridge waveguides. UV210 photoinscripted waveguides thus combine a fast and low-cost process, reduced optical losses, and a planar surface with as many advantages for more complex integrated components.
2013 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/IQEC, 2013
ABSTRACT form only given. Silk fibers produced by nature are among the most interesting materials... more ABSTRACT form only given. Silk fibers produced by nature are among the most interesting materials. Besides their high degree of biocompatibility, they are bioresorbable, ecologically friendly, and offer excellent mechanical properties. In particular, silks of spider and worm have aroused a huge interest as seen by the large literature on their structural organization [1, 2]. Thanks to material engineering possibility [3, 4], regenerated worm silk has been intensively studied and used in different fields such as electronics and photonics [5, 6]. On the other hand, native silks fibers are utilized in textile applications and in surgery procedures but have not yet deserved attention for photonic applications. However, the exceptional mechanical properties of natural silk mainly originate from an elaborated hierarchical organization which has not yet been reproduced in regenerated silk.We demonstrate the promising optical fiber behavior of pristine dragline silk from the spider Nephila clavipes, as well as its integration in a photonic chip made of synthetic polymer microstructures patterned by UV-lithography. The spinning process of the native fiber leads to a diameter of 5 microns, homogeneous over long distances. Since silk manipulation is straightforward, optical propagation in straight and loop configurations has been validated. In free space, attenuation coefficient (propagation losses) and coupling losses were estimated by the cut-back method on straight fiber at 10.5 dB/cm and 10 dB, respectively.In addition, the integration of the pristine silk fiber on a photonic chip and working optical hybrid devices based on synthetic polymer and natural silk fibers were demonstrated. Fig. 1a) is a scanning electron microscope of a chip composed of native spider silk embedded in SU8 microstructures (disk-reservoirs MD1 and MD2) designed by UV-lithography7. During light injection in a SU8 waveguide connected to MD1, light propagates to MD1 where light is confined at the edge- of the disk. Fig. 1b is a micro-beam profile of the chip during light injection and shows that light is confined along the silk fiber and at the edges of MD2. This confirms the optical coupling between synthetic polymer microstructures and silk fiber. These results highlight the potential role of this unique material for biophotonic applications either in free space or in integrated chip for which light propagation and/or sensing in biocompatible media is needed.
Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XIII, 2009
We report on the first developments for a new approach of integrated photonic using optical evane... more We report on the first developments for a new approach of integrated photonic using optical evanescent coupling from organic microstructures to bundles of hybrid nanotubes (NT). Microstructures are organic disks acting as photon reservoirs, integrated on a photonic chip fabricated by micro-technologic processes. Biomimetic peptidic/ silica nanotubes are realized by molecular self-assembly allowing high aspect ratio. Such heterostructures have been included directly on the organic chip as an innovative solution based on nanotubes in situ chipapproach. The latter allowed us to obtain an adequate evanescent coupling localized between micronic-disks and bundles of nanotubes. As a result, we highlight a specific photonic propagation along various heterostructured- NT-bundles featuring distances beyond the centimeter and losses from 1.2 to 6.6 dB/cm. It presents an advantageous confinement of the optical mode marked with strong energy localizations between nanotubes.
Spiritual leadership is creation of values, attitude and behavior which is required to motivate o... more Spiritual leadership is creation of values, attitude and behavior which is required to motivate one's selves and other by intrinsic motivation to achieve spiritual survival sense through calling and membership. Impact of spiritual leadership in developing relationship between leader and follower are value creation in harmony, empowerment of member and individual, increase psychology aspect and welfare until the organizational commitment is achieved. The objectives of the research are to gain knowledge regarding influence of spiritual leadership to organizational commitment through calling and membership. This research was conducted to 50 employees of PT Asuransi Takaful Keluarga Marketing Office in East Java. Analysis technique used to test the hypothesis is Partial Least Square (PLS).Based on analysis result, we conclude that: (1) spiritual leadership is has significant influence to calling (2) spiritual leadership has significant influence to membership (3) calling has significant influence to organizational commitment and (4) membership has significant influence to organizational commitment.
Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2017
A fast hybrid composed and numerical method for the calculation of eigenvalues (effective indices... more A fast hybrid composed and numerical method for the calculation of eigenvalues (effective indices) and eigenvectors (optical modes) of a slab waveguide presenting a radius of curvature is presented in this letter. This compound method combines a conformal transformation of the complex plane plus a multilayer matrix formalism addressing directly the modified index profile obtained by the conformal transformation; the matrix formalism is then applied in second step so as to discretize and slice the profile in a virtual multilayer structure. This method being conveniently operable on a personal computer in a short amount of time and is easy to implement. Its results are then compared to values afforded with the commercial vectorial software COMSOL 3D so as to discuss their accuracy.
In this study, we are interested in giant tapers operating in a totally Multi-Mode Interference (... more In this study, we are interested in giant tapers operating in a totally Multi-Mode Interference (MMI) regime capable of producing still an adequate single-mode field at the output. The idea is therefore to provide an answer on a possible giant acceptable limit of such MMI tapers still causing a single-mode output and then determining which opto-geometric parameters on this simple mathematical object and geometry act on the behavior. To this end, we have defined energy criteria per volume at the output. We consider families of tapers with a constant height corresponding to the output rib waveguide and a triangle shape. Each taper is defined by its input size, its length and its output size. The objective is to determine the minimum length of the taper to get enough energy or the desired guided mode(s) in the output waveguide. Two various approaches have been investigated and compared: numerical simulations by a finite element method (COMSOL) and a pure mathematical and geometrical st...
Optics Communications
Abstract The development and the ability of an optical integrated polymeric resonator, acting as ... more Abstract The development and the ability of an optical integrated polymeric resonator, acting as a surface light probe, for monitoring temperature-induced supramolecular phase transitions is presented in this work. The homogeneous detection of the transitions between different self-assembled structures in an aqueous solution of fatty acids (12-hydroxystearic acid, in association with amino-pentanol) was studied by investigating the coupling between the solution and the integrated photonic micro-cavity. Tuning the self-organized assemblies of surfactant is very attractive for many applications, such as cosmetic products, food, drug delivery and medical, and the development of alternative tools – especially those requiring minute amount of solution – to monitor their structural changes are essential. These original studies at temperatures ranging from 17 to 24 °C, based on a statistical treatment of optical resonance spectra, have evidenced the thermoresponsive nature of the optical features, and that different regimes occur with temperature. The optical results were corroborated with the measurement of the solution viscosity as a function of temperature, confirming that we can ascribe the optically-detected regimes to a surfactant assembly shifting reversibly from a tubular shape to a micellar one. The comparison between the optical and the rheological responses showed different accuracies: while the viscosity data exhibited a rather smooth and monotonous transition, the behavior changes were sharper and non-monotonous in terms of optical properties, allowing us to unambiguously identify in intermediate regime between 18.5 and 20 °C. These morphological transition experiments represent a unique opportunity to extend the numbers of available techniques studying these systems through integrated optical techniques with potential opportunities of real time detection and working on low sampling volume.
Nanotechnology, 2016
We investigate 1D nanostructures based on a Mo6@SU8 hybrid nanocomposite in which photoluminescen... more We investigate 1D nanostructures based on a Mo6@SU8 hybrid nanocomposite in which photoluminescent Mo6 clusters are embedded in the photosensitive SU8 resist. Tens of micrometers long Mo6@SU8-based tubular nanostructures were fabricated by the wetting template method, enabling the control of the inner and outer diameter to about 190 nm and 240 nm respectively, as supported by structural and optical characterizations. The image plane optical study of these nanotubes under optical pumping highlights the efficient waveguiding phenomenon of the red luminescence emitted by the clusters. Moreover, the wave vector distribution in the Fourier plane determined by leakage radiation microscopy gives additional features of the emission and waveguiding. First, the anisotropic red luminescence of the whole system can be attributed to the guided mode along the nanotube. Then, a low-loss propagation behavior is evidenced in the Mo6@SU8-based nanotubes. This result contrasts with the weaker waveguiding signature in the case of UV210-based nanotubes embedding PFO (poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)). It is attributed to the strong reabsorption phenomenon, owing to overlapping between absorption and emission bands in the semi-conducting conjugated polymer PFO. These results make this Mo6@SU8 original class of nanocomposite a promising candidate as nanosources for submicronic photonic integration.
Advanced Device Materials, 2015
We report and demonstrate the feasibility of a laterally coupled racetrack microresonator based o... more We report and demonstrate the feasibility of a laterally coupled racetrack microresonator based on UV210 photoresist to act as a thermal and glucose sensor. The large thermo-optic coefficient and the detection principle based on the interaction of the evanescent field with different glucose concentrations demonstrate that this sensor displays high sensitivity on detection properties. Deep-UV lithography procedures allow us to develop a laterally coupled microresonator with submicrometer patterns. The thermo-optic response of the racetrack microresonator is interrogated by using a NiCr alloy tip positioned on the top of the device. Temperatures ranging between 19 and 33ºC yield a red shift of the resonant wavelength with a linear sensitivity of 220 pm ºC-1. Additionally, the thermal tunability is successively demonstrated by covering the resonator with DI water. A blue shift of the resonant wavelength is obtained with a linear sensitivity of 200 pm ºC-1. The resonance optical properties under this top cladding conditions lead a Q-factor of 4000 with a finesse of 5.7. Glucose homogeneous sensing capability is also experimentally demonstrated. Different concentrations of glucose solutions result in a red shift of the resonant wavelengths with a linear sensitivity of 280 pm/(mg/ml). Finally, these results validate the laterally coupled racetrack microresonator as an operative photonic component for integrated optical devices such as optical filters applied on telecommunication, or transducer components devoted to assess biochemical interactions.