Bruno DORIN - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Bruno DORIN
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2013
National audienceUne grande question fait débat, aussi bien d’un point de vue scientifique, que p... more National audienceUne grande question fait débat, aussi bien d’un point de vue scientifique, que politique, ou encore sociétal : vaut-il mieux une agriculture intensive, qui laisse plus d’espaces disponibles pour des milieux naturels et pour la biodiversité, ou une agriculture extensive, consommatrice d’espaces mais favorisant la biodiversité sur ceux qu’elle consomme ? Les résultats contradictoires de plusieurs études sont mis en débat dans cet article. Ils s’appuient notamment sur une approche bioéconomique qui prend en compte l’ajustement des marchés agricoles et les modes de consommation
![Research paper thumbnail of Group farming in France: Why do some regions have more cooperative ventures than others? [L'agriculture de groupe en France: pourquoi coopère-t-on plus dans certaines régions que d'autres?]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109411172/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2019
The global debate on food security and the kinds of farming systems that could prove economically... more The global debate on food security and the kinds of farming systems that could prove economically and ecologically sustainable has focused overwhelmingly on small family farms versus large commercial farms, with little attention being given to alternative models based on farmer cooperation. France offers a significant but under-researched and internationally little-recognized model of group farming-the GAEC (Groupement Agricole d'Exploitation en Commun)-based on farmers pooling land, labour and capital. This model is of considerable contemporary interest for both France and other countries. Catalysed by a 1962 law, GAECs accounted for 7.6% of farms and 15% of agricultural adult work units in 2010, but their incidence varied greatly across regions. Using data from the French agricultural census and other sources, this paper identifies the factors-economic, ecological, social and demographic-underlying this regionally uneven development of GAECs (and comparatively of EARLs-Exploitations Agricoles à Responsabilité Limitée-another type of group farm introduced in 1985). Regions with a higher incidence of group farms are found to be those that were historically dominated by middle-sized farms, had a local ecology favouring labour-intensive animal breeding, especially pastures, a higher proportion of agricultural graduates, greater economic equality and social institutions that promote community cohesion, among other factors. These results illuminate not only the conditions favourable to the emergence of group farming in France, but also the conditions under which such farmer cooperation could take root in other (including developing) countries, subject to contextspecific modifications of the French model.
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
After the disappearance of socialist State farms and cooperatives, the diversity of farms in the ... more After the disappearance of socialist State farms and cooperatives, the diversity of farms in the world seemed to have been reduced to a simple dichotomy: family farms on the one hand and corporate farming on the other. The former category, the dominant model on the planet, includes undertakings where labor is provided by the family, while corporate farming that was long limited to South America, is exclusively based on hired labor. This reading grid, however, turns out to be particularly problematic when looking at the Indian case. Despite their small size, a considerable number of Indian farms make use of a combination of family and hired labor. Based on an analysis of national statistics and fieldwork in 13 small regions, this article characterizes agricultural work and how family and hired labor function together on Indian farms. It shows that alongside family farms where wage labor (either hiring or being hired) serves to ensure full employment for family labor, there is another...
L'Inde contemporaine. De 1990 à aujourd'hui, Mar 1, 2019
International audienceCe chapitre est le chapitre "économie" du livre "l'Inde ... more International audienceCe chapitre est le chapitre "économie" du livre "l'Inde Contemporaine" édité par Christophe Jaffrelot. Il reprend (notamment dans ses débuts, à partir de la crise financière de 1991) des éléments qui avaient été rédigés par Gilbert Etienne pour la version de l’ouvrage publiée en 2014, année de son décès. Outre la reprise ou l'actualisation de nombreux passages ou données, ce chapitre dresse un bilan économique inédit des "années Modi" de 1994 (Narandra Modi devient Premier Ministre de l'Union indienne) à l'été 2018
Malica provides the opportunity to explore new avenues for discussion and action based on researc... more Malica provides the opportunity to explore new avenues for discussion and action based on research, without presenting an institutional position.
Ce rapport fait suite a une etude commandee au CSH New Delhi, et financee par 14 entreprises fran... more Ce rapport fait suite a une etude commandee au CSH New Delhi, et financee par 14 entreprises francaises implantees en Inde, ainsi que par la Mission economique et financiere de l'Ambassade de France en Inde. Les termes de l'etude visaient a recueillir des donnees sociologiques precises sur les differents types de patrons indiens aux fins de rediger un document etablissant les relations entre ce(s) patronat(s) et : les autorites gouvernementales d'une part, les techniques modernes de management d'autre part, ainsi qu'avec l'international, la recherche, le monde politique
Yes, we can !? The future we want !? the "techno-productivist approach" …that led economists to r... more Yes, we can !? The future we want !? the "techno-productivist approach" …that led economists to recommend, after the 2007-08 food crisis, to "revitalize agricultural R&D investments" [Alston et al., 2009] so that "modern agriculture" plays "its role as an engine of growth" [FAO, 2009]. We try to provide some materials to discuss the direction of future R&D efforts http://www.centre-cired.fr/spip.php?article1508
Foreword Preface Contributors Map of India Introduction I. The Socio-Cultural World: Family, Comm... more Foreword Preface Contributors Map of India Introduction I. The Socio-Cultural World: Family, Community, 'Value-concepts' by Pierre Lachaier II. The Politics of Business: History & Strategies of Five Industrial Empires by Anne Vaugier-Chatterjee III. The Employer & His Enterprise: International Leather Shoemakers in Tamil Nadu by Nicolas Flamant IV. Conclusion: Appendices Glossary Bibliography Index.
The Lewisian path of economic growth has long been seen by analysts and policy makers as a concep... more The Lewisian path of economic growth has long been seen by analysts and policy makers as a conceptual map for the long term future of agriculture, namely that people move from agricultural to non-agricultural occupations, farm labour productivity increases with the use of modern industrial inputs, income disparities across sectors decline, and, over time, few remain in farming. This was the scenario in OECD countries. However, in large parts of the developing world we observe opposite historical trends, with an increase in the agricultural labour force and a rise in the cross-sectoral income gap. In this paper, we demonstrate that a land constraint rather than barriers to modern technology drives the structural divergences within and between countries. We outline four global scenarios of structural change, examine parameters that prevent countries from moving along the last stage of the Lewisian path, and suggest small-scale agro-ecological farming as an alternative to large-scale i...
Vietnam has exhibited rapid economic growth over thirty years of comprehensive economic reforms. ... more Vietnam has exhibited rapid economic growth over thirty years of comprehensive economic reforms. However, about half of the country’s active population remains in agriculture. In order to characterize the role of agriculture and livestock in Vietnam’s structural transformation, we assess ongoing dynamics at three complementary scales: national, sectoral (agriculture and livestock) and local (district of Bavi). We show that the transition since Doi Moi (Renovation) has given rise to a political economy that provides incentives to industries and services. However, labor abundance (due to population density) and limited land availability (85% of agricultural land is composed of less than 1 ha farms) have slowed the canonical structural transformation, and widened income inequality between agriculture and non-agricultural workers. In this ‘Lewis trap’ context, intensive livestock (as it is the case for aquaculture and horticulture) has played a significant role in increasing labor and l...
Land Use Policy, 2019
Feeding 9 billion people by 2050 on one hand, and preserving biodiversity on the other hand, are ... more Feeding 9 billion people by 2050 on one hand, and preserving biodiversity on the other hand, are two shared policy goals at the global level. Yet while these goals are clear, they are to some extent in conflict, because agriculture is a major cause of biodiversity loss, and the path to achieve both of them is at the heart of a public controversy around 'productive' land use and biodiversity conservation. Over the years, the scientific, policy, civil society and agri-business communities have been engaged in producing evidence that can support a land sparing policy (separating intensive agricultural production from biodiversity conservation) or a land sharing policy (integrating the two in larger and more extensive landscapes). This paper contributes to this debate by analyzing land sparing and land sharing (LSS) as a socio-technical controversy. Through the analysis of large and small corpora of scientific, policy, corporate social responsibility and sustainability standards documents we explore the ethical underpinnings and social networks that support the opposing sides of this controversy. We explore these linkages in order to explain how the concept of land sparing achieved dominance in the scientific literature and how the concept has been taken up in international policy, business and civil society circles. We examine the convergences and divergences in alliances between actors in this controversy in order to map how specific actors have promoted the concept of land sparing as the best way to used land for biodiversity and food production.
Agricultural Economics, 2015
Un dispositif Inra-Cirad de prospective Genèse :-projet Inra-Cirad datant de 6 ans-inscrit dans l... more Un dispositif Inra-Cirad de prospective Genèse :-projet Inra-Cirad datant de 6 ans-inscrit dans le « plan de rapprochement »-relancé dans le cadre des dynamiques onusiennes MEA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment) et IAASTD (International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development) Objectifs : (1) rallier collectivement les débats internationaux portant sur l'avenir des agricultures et alimentations du monde (2) construire, affirmer et pérenniser une plateforme française de prospective dans le domaine => via GIP IFRAI
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2013
National audienceUne grande question fait débat, aussi bien d’un point de vue scientifique, que p... more National audienceUne grande question fait débat, aussi bien d’un point de vue scientifique, que politique, ou encore sociétal : vaut-il mieux une agriculture intensive, qui laisse plus d’espaces disponibles pour des milieux naturels et pour la biodiversité, ou une agriculture extensive, consommatrice d’espaces mais favorisant la biodiversité sur ceux qu’elle consomme ? Les résultats contradictoires de plusieurs études sont mis en débat dans cet article. Ils s’appuient notamment sur une approche bioéconomique qui prend en compte l’ajustement des marchés agricoles et les modes de consommation
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2019
The global debate on food security and the kinds of farming systems that could prove economically... more The global debate on food security and the kinds of farming systems that could prove economically and ecologically sustainable has focused overwhelmingly on small family farms versus large commercial farms, with little attention being given to alternative models based on farmer cooperation. France offers a significant but under-researched and internationally little-recognized model of group farming-the GAEC (Groupement Agricole d'Exploitation en Commun)-based on farmers pooling land, labour and capital. This model is of considerable contemporary interest for both France and other countries. Catalysed by a 1962 law, GAECs accounted for 7.6% of farms and 15% of agricultural adult work units in 2010, but their incidence varied greatly across regions. Using data from the French agricultural census and other sources, this paper identifies the factors-economic, ecological, social and demographic-underlying this regionally uneven development of GAECs (and comparatively of EARLs-Exploitations Agricoles à Responsabilité Limitée-another type of group farm introduced in 1985). Regions with a higher incidence of group farms are found to be those that were historically dominated by middle-sized farms, had a local ecology favouring labour-intensive animal breeding, especially pastures, a higher proportion of agricultural graduates, greater economic equality and social institutions that promote community cohesion, among other factors. These results illuminate not only the conditions favourable to the emergence of group farming in France, but also the conditions under which such farmer cooperation could take root in other (including developing) countries, subject to contextspecific modifications of the French model.
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
After the disappearance of socialist State farms and cooperatives, the diversity of farms in the ... more After the disappearance of socialist State farms and cooperatives, the diversity of farms in the world seemed to have been reduced to a simple dichotomy: family farms on the one hand and corporate farming on the other. The former category, the dominant model on the planet, includes undertakings where labor is provided by the family, while corporate farming that was long limited to South America, is exclusively based on hired labor. This reading grid, however, turns out to be particularly problematic when looking at the Indian case. Despite their small size, a considerable number of Indian farms make use of a combination of family and hired labor. Based on an analysis of national statistics and fieldwork in 13 small regions, this article characterizes agricultural work and how family and hired labor function together on Indian farms. It shows that alongside family farms where wage labor (either hiring or being hired) serves to ensure full employment for family labor, there is another...
L'Inde contemporaine. De 1990 à aujourd'hui, Mar 1, 2019
International audienceCe chapitre est le chapitre "économie" du livre "l'Inde ... more International audienceCe chapitre est le chapitre "économie" du livre "l'Inde Contemporaine" édité par Christophe Jaffrelot. Il reprend (notamment dans ses débuts, à partir de la crise financière de 1991) des éléments qui avaient été rédigés par Gilbert Etienne pour la version de l’ouvrage publiée en 2014, année de son décès. Outre la reprise ou l'actualisation de nombreux passages ou données, ce chapitre dresse un bilan économique inédit des "années Modi" de 1994 (Narandra Modi devient Premier Ministre de l'Union indienne) à l'été 2018
Malica provides the opportunity to explore new avenues for discussion and action based on researc... more Malica provides the opportunity to explore new avenues for discussion and action based on research, without presenting an institutional position.
Ce rapport fait suite a une etude commandee au CSH New Delhi, et financee par 14 entreprises fran... more Ce rapport fait suite a une etude commandee au CSH New Delhi, et financee par 14 entreprises francaises implantees en Inde, ainsi que par la Mission economique et financiere de l'Ambassade de France en Inde. Les termes de l'etude visaient a recueillir des donnees sociologiques precises sur les differents types de patrons indiens aux fins de rediger un document etablissant les relations entre ce(s) patronat(s) et : les autorites gouvernementales d'une part, les techniques modernes de management d'autre part, ainsi qu'avec l'international, la recherche, le monde politique
Yes, we can !? The future we want !? the "techno-productivist approach" …that led economists to r... more Yes, we can !? The future we want !? the "techno-productivist approach" …that led economists to recommend, after the 2007-08 food crisis, to "revitalize agricultural R&D investments" [Alston et al., 2009] so that "modern agriculture" plays "its role as an engine of growth" [FAO, 2009]. We try to provide some materials to discuss the direction of future R&D efforts http://www.centre-cired.fr/spip.php?article1508
Foreword Preface Contributors Map of India Introduction I. The Socio-Cultural World: Family, Comm... more Foreword Preface Contributors Map of India Introduction I. The Socio-Cultural World: Family, Community, 'Value-concepts' by Pierre Lachaier II. The Politics of Business: History & Strategies of Five Industrial Empires by Anne Vaugier-Chatterjee III. The Employer & His Enterprise: International Leather Shoemakers in Tamil Nadu by Nicolas Flamant IV. Conclusion: Appendices Glossary Bibliography Index.
The Lewisian path of economic growth has long been seen by analysts and policy makers as a concep... more The Lewisian path of economic growth has long been seen by analysts and policy makers as a conceptual map for the long term future of agriculture, namely that people move from agricultural to non-agricultural occupations, farm labour productivity increases with the use of modern industrial inputs, income disparities across sectors decline, and, over time, few remain in farming. This was the scenario in OECD countries. However, in large parts of the developing world we observe opposite historical trends, with an increase in the agricultural labour force and a rise in the cross-sectoral income gap. In this paper, we demonstrate that a land constraint rather than barriers to modern technology drives the structural divergences within and between countries. We outline four global scenarios of structural change, examine parameters that prevent countries from moving along the last stage of the Lewisian path, and suggest small-scale agro-ecological farming as an alternative to large-scale i...
Vietnam has exhibited rapid economic growth over thirty years of comprehensive economic reforms. ... more Vietnam has exhibited rapid economic growth over thirty years of comprehensive economic reforms. However, about half of the country’s active population remains in agriculture. In order to characterize the role of agriculture and livestock in Vietnam’s structural transformation, we assess ongoing dynamics at three complementary scales: national, sectoral (agriculture and livestock) and local (district of Bavi). We show that the transition since Doi Moi (Renovation) has given rise to a political economy that provides incentives to industries and services. However, labor abundance (due to population density) and limited land availability (85% of agricultural land is composed of less than 1 ha farms) have slowed the canonical structural transformation, and widened income inequality between agriculture and non-agricultural workers. In this ‘Lewis trap’ context, intensive livestock (as it is the case for aquaculture and horticulture) has played a significant role in increasing labor and l...
Land Use Policy, 2019
Feeding 9 billion people by 2050 on one hand, and preserving biodiversity on the other hand, are ... more Feeding 9 billion people by 2050 on one hand, and preserving biodiversity on the other hand, are two shared policy goals at the global level. Yet while these goals are clear, they are to some extent in conflict, because agriculture is a major cause of biodiversity loss, and the path to achieve both of them is at the heart of a public controversy around 'productive' land use and biodiversity conservation. Over the years, the scientific, policy, civil society and agri-business communities have been engaged in producing evidence that can support a land sparing policy (separating intensive agricultural production from biodiversity conservation) or a land sharing policy (integrating the two in larger and more extensive landscapes). This paper contributes to this debate by analyzing land sparing and land sharing (LSS) as a socio-technical controversy. Through the analysis of large and small corpora of scientific, policy, corporate social responsibility and sustainability standards documents we explore the ethical underpinnings and social networks that support the opposing sides of this controversy. We explore these linkages in order to explain how the concept of land sparing achieved dominance in the scientific literature and how the concept has been taken up in international policy, business and civil society circles. We examine the convergences and divergences in alliances between actors in this controversy in order to map how specific actors have promoted the concept of land sparing as the best way to used land for biodiversity and food production.
Agricultural Economics, 2015
Un dispositif Inra-Cirad de prospective Genèse :-projet Inra-Cirad datant de 6 ans-inscrit dans l... more Un dispositif Inra-Cirad de prospective Genèse :-projet Inra-Cirad datant de 6 ans-inscrit dans le « plan de rapprochement »-relancé dans le cadre des dynamiques onusiennes MEA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment) et IAASTD (International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development) Objectifs : (1) rallier collectivement les débats internationaux portant sur l'avenir des agricultures et alimentations du monde (2) construire, affirmer et pérenniser une plateforme française de prospective dans le domaine => via GIP IFRAI