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Papers by Bruno Goddeeris
proteomic analysis of early salt stress-responsive proteins in roots of SnRK2 transgenic rice
Edema disease (ED) in piglets is caused by Shiga toxin Stx2e-producing Escherichia coli. We show ... more Edema disease (ED) in piglets is caused by Shiga toxin Stx2e-producing Escherichia coli. We show that a genetically disarmed Stx2e toxoid is a safe antigen that generates antiserum protecting piglets against the Stx2e toxin. Immunization of suckling pig-lets with the Stx2e toxoid was safe, had no adverse effects on growth of the piglets, and resulted in effective prevention of edema disease clinical symptoms after challenge with the Stx2e toxin. Our data showed that maternal immunity against the Stx2e tox-oid can be transmitted from the vaccinated sows to the piglets via the colostrum. Very high levels of Stx2e-specific serum anti-bodies persisted in these piglets until 1 month postweaning, bridging the critical period in which the weaned piglets are most susceptible to edema infection. Challenge with Stx2e toxin resulted in clinical signs of edema disease and death of all control pig-lets from nonimmunized sows, whereas none of the piglets from immunized sows developed clinical sig...
Veterinární Medicína
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7 strains are associated with haemorragh... more Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7 strains are associated with haemorraghic colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans. Cattle are a reservoir of E. coli O157:H7. We studied the ability of bovine and human lactoferrin, two natural antimicrobial proteins present in milk, to inhibit E. coli O157:H7 growth and attachment to a human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2). The direct antibacterial effect of bLF on E. coli O157:H7 was stronger than that of hLF. Nevertheless, both lactoferrins had bacteriostatic effects even at high concentrations (10 mg/ml), suggesting blocking of LF activity by a yet undefined bacterial defence mechanism. Additionally, both lactoferrins significantly inhibited E. coli O157:H7 attachment to Caco-2 cells. However, hLF was more effective than bLF, probably due to more efficient binding of bLF to intelectin present on human enterocytes leading to uptake and thus removal of bLF from the extracellular enviro...
Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote
Enterotoksiset Escherichia coli-kannat (ETEC) ovat yleisiä porsas- ja sikaripulin aiheuttajia maa... more Enterotoksiset Escherichia coli-kannat (ETEC) ovat yleisiä porsas- ja sikaripulin aiheuttajia maailmanlaajuisesti. Vieroitusvaiheessa (3-5 viikon iässä) porsaiden vastustuskyky on heikoimmillaan, koska imetyksen mukana ternimaidosta saadut vasta-aineet vähenevät ja porsaiden oma vasta-aineiden tuotto on vasta alkamassa. Tällöin haitalliset suolistopatogeenit (bakteerit tai virukset) pääsevät helposti kolonisoimaan ohutsuolen ja aiheuttamaan ripulin. Ripuli aiheuttaa paitsi turhaa kärsimystä porsaille, myös tuotannon heikkenemistä kasvun hidastuessa ja ääritapauksissa porsaskuolemia. Hygienian, kasvatusolosuhteiden ja ravinnon korkea taso ovat ensisijaisen tärkeitä pyrittäessä ehkäisemään ripulisairauksien puhkeamista, mutta usein joudutaan myös turvautumaan yksittäisten eläinten rokottamiseen tai antibiootteihin. Antibioottien käyttöä pyritään nykyään yleisesti rajoittamaan, sillä niiden leviäminen ympäristöön johtaa väistämättä antibiooteille vastustuskykyisten bakteerikantojen keh...
Genome biology and evolution, Aug 25, 2017
Trypanosomes cause a variety of diseases in man and domestic animals in Africa, Latin America and... more Trypanosomes cause a variety of diseases in man and domestic animals in Africa, Latin America and Asia. In the Trypanozoon subgenus, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense cause human African trypanosomiasis, while T. b. brucei, T. evansi and T. equiperdum are responsible for nagana, surra and dourine in domestic animals, respectively. The genetic relationships between T. evansi and T. equiperdum and other Trypanozoon species remain unclear because the majority of phylogenetic analyses have been based on only a few genes. In this study, we have conducted a phylogenetic analysis based on genome-wide SNP analysis comprising 56 genomes from the Trypanozoon subgenus. Our data reveal that T. equiperdum has emerged at least once in Eastern Africa and T. evansi at two independent occasions in Western Africa. The genomes within the T. equiperdum and T. evansi monophyletic clusters show extremely little variation, probably due to the clonal spread linked to the independence from ...
Parasite Epidemiology and Control, 2017
The Northwestern region of Ethiopia is affected by both tsetse and non-tsetse transmitted trypano... more The Northwestern region of Ethiopia is affected by both tsetse and non-tsetse transmitted trypanosomosis with a significant impact on livestock productivity. The control of trypanosomosis in Ethiopia relies on either curative or prophylactic treatment of animals with diminazene aceturate (DA) or isometamidium chloride (ISM). In the present work; questionnaire survey, cross-sectional and experimental studies were carried out to; a) assess the utilization of trypanocidal drugs; b) determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and; c) assess the drug resistant problems respectively in Tsetse and non-tsetse infested areas on NW Ethiopia. A total of 100 respondents were included for the survey and the questionnaires focused on the drug utilization practices for the control of Trypanosomosis. Blood from cattle 640 (324 cattle tested in 2011, 316 cattle tested in 2012) and 795 (390 cattle tested in 2011, 405 cattle tested in 2012) were examined from tsetse infested and non-tsetse infested areas respectively using the buffy coat technique and thin blood smear for the detection of trypanosomes and measurement of packed cell volume (PCV). For the assessment of trypanocidal drug resistance three isolates, one from tsetse (TT) and two from non-tsetse (NT) areas were used on thirty six trypanosome naïve calves. The experimental animals were divided randomly into six groups of six animals (TT-ETBS2-DA, TT-ETBS2-ISM, NT-ETBD2-DA, NT-ETBD2-ISM, NT-ETBD3-DA and NT-ETBD3-ISM), which were infected with T. vivax isolated from a tsetseinfested or non-tsetse infested area with 2 × 10 6 trypanosomes from donor animals, and in each case treated with higher dose of DA or ISM. The results of the questionnaire survey showed trypanosomosis was a significant animal health constraint for 84% and 100% of the farmers questioned in non-tsetse and tsetse infested areas of Northwest Ethiopia respectively. Responses on trypanocidal drug utilization practices indicated that risk factors for the development of drug resistance are common and treatment failures are frequently seen. Accordingly, the majority of farmers in tsetse infested area get trypanocides from drug stores and unauthorized sources whereas those from non-tsetse area get from veterinary clinics. Moreover, treatment administration is mainly by animal health personnel and treatment frequency is a maximum of three times/year/animal in non-tsetse area whereas it is administered mainly by the farmers more than seven times/year/animal in tsetse infested area. The prevalence of
The Veterinary Journal, 2016
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are responsible for significant economic losses in the p... more Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are responsible for significant economic losses in the poultry industry. In this study, a model for investigating the pathogenesis of APEC infections was established. APEC strain CH2 (O78) was marked with the luciferase operon (luxCDABE) using a Tn7 transposon and tissues of experimentally infected chickens were analysed for a correlation between the bioluminescent signal and the number of bacteria. Transposition of the lux operon into the chromosome of the APEC isolate did not affect sensitivity to lytic bacteriophages and there was no effect on virulence in an intratracheal infection model in 1-day-old chicks, although results with a subcutaneous infection model were inconclusive. A correlation between the number of bacteria and the luminescent signal was found in liquid medium, as well as in homogenised heart, liver, spleen and lung of 4-week-old experimentally infected chickens. This study showed that lux could be used for identification of the infecting strain after experimental infection with APEC in poultry.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 2010
Veterinary Parasitology, 2016
Animal trypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma vivax (T. vivax) is a devastating disease causing ser... more Animal trypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma vivax (T. vivax) is a devastating disease causing serious economic losses. Most molecular diagnostics for T. vivax infection target the ribosomal DNA locus (rDNA) but are challenged by the heterogeneity among T. vivax strains. In this study, we investigated the rDNA heterogeneity of Ethiopian T. vivax strains in relation to their presence in tsetse-infested and tsetse-free areas and its effect on molecular diagnosis. We sequenced the rDNA loci of six Ethiopian (three from tsetse-infested and three from tsetse-free areas) and one Nigerian T. vivax strain. We analysed the obtained sequences in silico for primermismatches of some commonly used diagnostic PCR assays and for GC content. With these data, we selected some rDNA diagnostic PCR assays for evaluation of their diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore we constructed two phylogenetic networks based on sequences within the smaller subunit (SSU) of 18S and within the 5.8S and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) to assess the relatedness of Ethiopian T. vivax strains to strains from other African countries and from South America. In silico analysis of the rDNA sequence showed important mismatches of some published diagnostic PCR primers and high GC content of T. vivax rDNA. The evaluation of selected diagnostic PCR assays with specimens from cattle under natural T. vivax challenge showed that this high GC content interferes with the diagnostic accuracy of PCR, especially in cases of mixed infections with T. congolense. Adding betain to the PCR reaction mixture can enhance the amplification of T. vivax rDNA but decreases the sensitivity for T. congolense and Trypanozoon. The networks illustrated that Ethiopian T. vivax strains are considerably heterogeneous and two strains (one from tsetse-infested and one from tsetse-free area) are more related to the West African and South American strains than to the East African strains. The rDNA locus sequence of six Ethiopian T. vivax strains showed important differences and higher GC content compared to other animal trypanosomes but could not be related to their origin from tsetse-infested or tsetse-free area. The high GC content of T. vivax DNA renders accurate diagnosis of all pathogenic animal trypanosomes with one single PCR problematic.
J Interferon Cytokine Res, 1998
Several E. coli animal pathogens exist, which have an important economical impact, such as entero... more Several E. coli animal pathogens exist, which have an important economical impact, such as enterotoxigenic E. coli, avian pathogenic E. coli and mammary pathogenic E. coli. Furthermore, ruminants are carrier of enterohemorrhagic E. coli, which are not pathogenic for them, but can be transmitted to humans via direct contact and contamination of food or drinks, resulting in severe disease. Nevertheless, only few E. coli vaccines are available. This chapter summarizes the current status of vaccines for preventing intestinal E. coli infections in animals and will deal with vaccines against ETEC infections in pigs and ruminants and vaccines, which prevent EHEC colonization in cattle.
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 1999
proteomic analysis of early salt stress-responsive proteins in roots of SnRK2 transgenic rice
Edema disease (ED) in piglets is caused by Shiga toxin Stx2e-producing Escherichia coli. We show ... more Edema disease (ED) in piglets is caused by Shiga toxin Stx2e-producing Escherichia coli. We show that a genetically disarmed Stx2e toxoid is a safe antigen that generates antiserum protecting piglets against the Stx2e toxin. Immunization of suckling pig-lets with the Stx2e toxoid was safe, had no adverse effects on growth of the piglets, and resulted in effective prevention of edema disease clinical symptoms after challenge with the Stx2e toxin. Our data showed that maternal immunity against the Stx2e tox-oid can be transmitted from the vaccinated sows to the piglets via the colostrum. Very high levels of Stx2e-specific serum anti-bodies persisted in these piglets until 1 month postweaning, bridging the critical period in which the weaned piglets are most susceptible to edema infection. Challenge with Stx2e toxin resulted in clinical signs of edema disease and death of all control pig-lets from nonimmunized sows, whereas none of the piglets from immunized sows developed clinical sig...
Veterinární Medicína
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7 strains are associated with haemorragh... more Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7 strains are associated with haemorraghic colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans. Cattle are a reservoir of E. coli O157:H7. We studied the ability of bovine and human lactoferrin, two natural antimicrobial proteins present in milk, to inhibit E. coli O157:H7 growth and attachment to a human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2). The direct antibacterial effect of bLF on E. coli O157:H7 was stronger than that of hLF. Nevertheless, both lactoferrins had bacteriostatic effects even at high concentrations (10 mg/ml), suggesting blocking of LF activity by a yet undefined bacterial defence mechanism. Additionally, both lactoferrins significantly inhibited E. coli O157:H7 attachment to Caco-2 cells. However, hLF was more effective than bLF, probably due to more efficient binding of bLF to intelectin present on human enterocytes leading to uptake and thus removal of bLF from the extracellular enviro...
Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote
Enterotoksiset Escherichia coli-kannat (ETEC) ovat yleisiä porsas- ja sikaripulin aiheuttajia maa... more Enterotoksiset Escherichia coli-kannat (ETEC) ovat yleisiä porsas- ja sikaripulin aiheuttajia maailmanlaajuisesti. Vieroitusvaiheessa (3-5 viikon iässä) porsaiden vastustuskyky on heikoimmillaan, koska imetyksen mukana ternimaidosta saadut vasta-aineet vähenevät ja porsaiden oma vasta-aineiden tuotto on vasta alkamassa. Tällöin haitalliset suolistopatogeenit (bakteerit tai virukset) pääsevät helposti kolonisoimaan ohutsuolen ja aiheuttamaan ripulin. Ripuli aiheuttaa paitsi turhaa kärsimystä porsaille, myös tuotannon heikkenemistä kasvun hidastuessa ja ääritapauksissa porsaskuolemia. Hygienian, kasvatusolosuhteiden ja ravinnon korkea taso ovat ensisijaisen tärkeitä pyrittäessä ehkäisemään ripulisairauksien puhkeamista, mutta usein joudutaan myös turvautumaan yksittäisten eläinten rokottamiseen tai antibiootteihin. Antibioottien käyttöä pyritään nykyään yleisesti rajoittamaan, sillä niiden leviäminen ympäristöön johtaa väistämättä antibiooteille vastustuskykyisten bakteerikantojen keh...
Genome biology and evolution, Aug 25, 2017
Trypanosomes cause a variety of diseases in man and domestic animals in Africa, Latin America and... more Trypanosomes cause a variety of diseases in man and domestic animals in Africa, Latin America and Asia. In the Trypanozoon subgenus, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense cause human African trypanosomiasis, while T. b. brucei, T. evansi and T. equiperdum are responsible for nagana, surra and dourine in domestic animals, respectively. The genetic relationships between T. evansi and T. equiperdum and other Trypanozoon species remain unclear because the majority of phylogenetic analyses have been based on only a few genes. In this study, we have conducted a phylogenetic analysis based on genome-wide SNP analysis comprising 56 genomes from the Trypanozoon subgenus. Our data reveal that T. equiperdum has emerged at least once in Eastern Africa and T. evansi at two independent occasions in Western Africa. The genomes within the T. equiperdum and T. evansi monophyletic clusters show extremely little variation, probably due to the clonal spread linked to the independence from ...
Parasite Epidemiology and Control, 2017
The Northwestern region of Ethiopia is affected by both tsetse and non-tsetse transmitted trypano... more The Northwestern region of Ethiopia is affected by both tsetse and non-tsetse transmitted trypanosomosis with a significant impact on livestock productivity. The control of trypanosomosis in Ethiopia relies on either curative or prophylactic treatment of animals with diminazene aceturate (DA) or isometamidium chloride (ISM). In the present work; questionnaire survey, cross-sectional and experimental studies were carried out to; a) assess the utilization of trypanocidal drugs; b) determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and; c) assess the drug resistant problems respectively in Tsetse and non-tsetse infested areas on NW Ethiopia. A total of 100 respondents were included for the survey and the questionnaires focused on the drug utilization practices for the control of Trypanosomosis. Blood from cattle 640 (324 cattle tested in 2011, 316 cattle tested in 2012) and 795 (390 cattle tested in 2011, 405 cattle tested in 2012) were examined from tsetse infested and non-tsetse infested areas respectively using the buffy coat technique and thin blood smear for the detection of trypanosomes and measurement of packed cell volume (PCV). For the assessment of trypanocidal drug resistance three isolates, one from tsetse (TT) and two from non-tsetse (NT) areas were used on thirty six trypanosome naïve calves. The experimental animals were divided randomly into six groups of six animals (TT-ETBS2-DA, TT-ETBS2-ISM, NT-ETBD2-DA, NT-ETBD2-ISM, NT-ETBD3-DA and NT-ETBD3-ISM), which were infected with T. vivax isolated from a tsetseinfested or non-tsetse infested area with 2 × 10 6 trypanosomes from donor animals, and in each case treated with higher dose of DA or ISM. The results of the questionnaire survey showed trypanosomosis was a significant animal health constraint for 84% and 100% of the farmers questioned in non-tsetse and tsetse infested areas of Northwest Ethiopia respectively. Responses on trypanocidal drug utilization practices indicated that risk factors for the development of drug resistance are common and treatment failures are frequently seen. Accordingly, the majority of farmers in tsetse infested area get trypanocides from drug stores and unauthorized sources whereas those from non-tsetse area get from veterinary clinics. Moreover, treatment administration is mainly by animal health personnel and treatment frequency is a maximum of three times/year/animal in non-tsetse area whereas it is administered mainly by the farmers more than seven times/year/animal in tsetse infested area. The prevalence of
The Veterinary Journal, 2016
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are responsible for significant economic losses in the p... more Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are responsible for significant economic losses in the poultry industry. In this study, a model for investigating the pathogenesis of APEC infections was established. APEC strain CH2 (O78) was marked with the luciferase operon (luxCDABE) using a Tn7 transposon and tissues of experimentally infected chickens were analysed for a correlation between the bioluminescent signal and the number of bacteria. Transposition of the lux operon into the chromosome of the APEC isolate did not affect sensitivity to lytic bacteriophages and there was no effect on virulence in an intratracheal infection model in 1-day-old chicks, although results with a subcutaneous infection model were inconclusive. A correlation between the number of bacteria and the luminescent signal was found in liquid medium, as well as in homogenised heart, liver, spleen and lung of 4-week-old experimentally infected chickens. This study showed that lux could be used for identification of the infecting strain after experimental infection with APEC in poultry.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 2010
Veterinary Parasitology, 2016
Animal trypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma vivax (T. vivax) is a devastating disease causing ser... more Animal trypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma vivax (T. vivax) is a devastating disease causing serious economic losses. Most molecular diagnostics for T. vivax infection target the ribosomal DNA locus (rDNA) but are challenged by the heterogeneity among T. vivax strains. In this study, we investigated the rDNA heterogeneity of Ethiopian T. vivax strains in relation to their presence in tsetse-infested and tsetse-free areas and its effect on molecular diagnosis. We sequenced the rDNA loci of six Ethiopian (three from tsetse-infested and three from tsetse-free areas) and one Nigerian T. vivax strain. We analysed the obtained sequences in silico for primermismatches of some commonly used diagnostic PCR assays and for GC content. With these data, we selected some rDNA diagnostic PCR assays for evaluation of their diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore we constructed two phylogenetic networks based on sequences within the smaller subunit (SSU) of 18S and within the 5.8S and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) to assess the relatedness of Ethiopian T. vivax strains to strains from other African countries and from South America. In silico analysis of the rDNA sequence showed important mismatches of some published diagnostic PCR primers and high GC content of T. vivax rDNA. The evaluation of selected diagnostic PCR assays with specimens from cattle under natural T. vivax challenge showed that this high GC content interferes with the diagnostic accuracy of PCR, especially in cases of mixed infections with T. congolense. Adding betain to the PCR reaction mixture can enhance the amplification of T. vivax rDNA but decreases the sensitivity for T. congolense and Trypanozoon. The networks illustrated that Ethiopian T. vivax strains are considerably heterogeneous and two strains (one from tsetse-infested and one from tsetse-free area) are more related to the West African and South American strains than to the East African strains. The rDNA locus sequence of six Ethiopian T. vivax strains showed important differences and higher GC content compared to other animal trypanosomes but could not be related to their origin from tsetse-infested or tsetse-free area. The high GC content of T. vivax DNA renders accurate diagnosis of all pathogenic animal trypanosomes with one single PCR problematic.
J Interferon Cytokine Res, 1998
Several E. coli animal pathogens exist, which have an important economical impact, such as entero... more Several E. coli animal pathogens exist, which have an important economical impact, such as enterotoxigenic E. coli, avian pathogenic E. coli and mammary pathogenic E. coli. Furthermore, ruminants are carrier of enterohemorrhagic E. coli, which are not pathogenic for them, but can be transmitted to humans via direct contact and contamination of food or drinks, resulting in severe disease. Nevertheless, only few E. coli vaccines are available. This chapter summarizes the current status of vaccines for preventing intestinal E. coli infections in animals and will deal with vaccines against ETEC infections in pigs and ruminants and vaccines, which prevent EHEC colonization in cattle.
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 1999