Uttam Budhathoki - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Uttam Budhathoki

Indian Journal of Forestry

Outbreaks of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe australiana McAlp. on Lagerstroemia indica L. has ... more Outbreaks of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe australiana McAlp. on Lagerstroemia indica L. has been observed in and around Kathmandu valley since last few years. So far there are no published reports of this disease in Nepal.

Scientific World, 1970

The Wild edible mushrooms are one of the most important non timber forest products. Due to its vi... more The Wild edible mushrooms are one of the most important non timber forest products. Due to its vigorous growth in the rainy season, delicious taste and nutritional value the mycophagus group consume them. In this paper an attempt has been made to determine the protein of these 35 species through Bradford's method. Among them thirty three species of wild mushroom collected from different altitude (200m - 4200m), phytogeographical habitat of central Nepal and two species Agaricus bisporous & Pleurotus sajorkaju cultivated sample from Balambu farm. The highest amount of protein 1.576mg/ml in Cantharellus subscibarius and least 0.131 mg/ml in Cordycep sinensis were found. Key words: Wild mushroom; Protein; Bradford's method. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v5i5.2662 Scientific World, Vol. 5, No. 5, July 2007 85-88

African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

International Journal of Chemical Engineering, Oct 31, 2023

+e present study is focused on the availability of microbial sources capable of producing xylanas... more +e present study is focused on the availability of microbial sources capable of producing xylanase, a hemicelluloses-degrading
enzyme with multiple modes of action along with speci3city, and their real-world applications. For the accumulation of suitable
data, article sur3ng was carried out using multiple search engines viz. Hinari and PubMed; irrelevant and duplicate articles were
discarded and articles were summarized in a narrative way herein. +is review article was written aiming to bridge the recent
research activities with the commercial activities of xylanase going on around the globe. +e readers would be able to acknowledge
themselves with the basic idea of the hydrolytic enzyme xylanase, their classi3cation representing their di5erent families,
presenting the a6nity of di5erent families at the structural level, the sources, and the commercial implications that have been
going on alone and in combination. +e major hemicellulose, Xylan is digested with the help of combination other enzymes such
as alpha-amylase, subtilisin, protease, and endo-1,3(4)-)-glucanase along with xylanase. Xylanase has a diverse applications such
as pharmaceutical, food and feed, bakery, paper and pulp, textile, and bio-re3nery industries. +e objective of this review article is
to compile microbial sources of this enzyme and its application for betterment of human kind.

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2010

The aim of this work was to optimize and characteristic a bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by Gl... more The aim of this work was to optimize and characteristic a bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by Gluconoacetobacter xylinus TJU-D2. Methods An one-factor test was conducted, then response surface method was applied to optimize BC yield and discover the best production condition. Moreover, mechanical strength, water holding capacity, water absorption rate and water release rate of BC was determined. Results Based on Plackett-Burman experiment, glucose, ethanol and initial pH were found to be the most significant factors for BC production. Afterwards, effects of the three main factors on BC yield were further investigated by Box-Behnken design and the optimum composition was glucose 19.575 g/L, ethanol 3.85%, and initial pH 4.32. Optimum result showed that BC yield was increased to 4.82 ± 0.23 g/L in 8th-day fermentation, 1.46-fold higher than before. Tensile strength reveals a Young's modulus of 18.64 ± 0.23 MPa and tensile strength of up to 22.34 ± 0.26 MPa. Conclusion The strain produced a high level of BC with characteristics suitable for application in materials and medical areas. Renpeng Du and Yu Wang have contributed equally to this work and share the first authorship.

Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TJPS), Feb 23, 2021

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology, 2015

This study was done to mask the bitter taste of ondansetron HCl using complexing agent, a polacri... more This study was done to mask the bitter taste of ondansetron HCl using complexing agent, a polacrilex resin: Tulsion 335 and subsequently forming mouth dissolving tablet using superdisintegrants: Croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycollate. A preliminary screening was done. Batch process, a most preferential method for drug loading with ion exchange resins was selected. The process was optimized for drug: resin ratio to get maximum drug loading. A ratio of drug: resin at 1:3 was selected. Taste evaluation was carried out by selecting volunteers. Drug resin complex (DRC) was evaluated for drug release. The resultant DRC was formulated by direct compression into mouth dissolving tablet using microcrystalline cellulose PH 102, as diluent and croscarmalose sodium and sodium starch glycolate as superdisintegrants and aspartame was used as sweetening agent to enhance palatability. Thirteen formulations were developed by using superdisintegrants: croscarmellose sodium and sodium star...

Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2010

p>A hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, and HPMC K100M) matrix tablet containi... more p>A hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, and HPMC K100M) matrix tablet containing Indomethacin along with mannitol was formulated as a function of HPMC viscosity, and was compared with the commercial products. The release characteristics of the matrix tablet were investigated in the intestinal fluid, 6.8 pH phosphate buffer for 12 hours. The formulated products and two marketed products as reference sample were studied for its different physicochemical parameters and in vitro dissolution studies. It was found that the drug release profile decreases with increase in viscosity of polymer and, with increase polymer level in the formulations. Matrix tablets formulated employing Drug:HPMC K15M:mannitol::1:0.25:1 and Drug:HPMC K15M:mannitol::1:0.25:2 gave slow release of indomethacin spread over 12 hours and their dissolution profiles were compared with the Indian marketed product. The dissolution profiles of both the formulations were similar to the dissolution profile ...

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2019

Objectives: We aimed to formulate and optimize bilayer tablets of metoprolol tartrate consisting ... more Objectives: We aimed to formulate and optimize bilayer tablets of metoprolol tartrate consisting of both immediate and sustained release layer. Methods: A 2 3 factorial design was employed in formulating the GFDDS in which parameters, such as amount of HPMC (X 1), sodium bicarbonate + citric acid (X 2), and crospovidone (X 3) were characterized as independent variables, whereas percent metoprolol release at 30 min (Y 1), 4 hr (Y 2), 8 hr (Y 3), floating lag time (Y 4), and total floating time (Y 5) were considered as dependent variables. Findings: The formulations showed the biphasic release of metoprolol, where the immediate layer was completely disintegrated within 30 min and the release of the sustained layer was extended to 8 hr. Prompt disintegration of the immediate layer was facilitated by the combined effects of sodium starch glycolate and sodium bicarbonate + citric acid, whereas the extended release was assisted by HPMC. Formulations, where HPMC played the major role, were considered the best formulations. A good correlation was displayed between the experimental and predicted values that confirm the practicability of the model. Application/improvements: This study shows the effect of various variables in the release of metoprolol tartrate and formulates the bilayer tablets of metoprolol tartrate for the immediate and sustained drug release.

International Journal of PharmaO2 Journal, 2020

Frusemide falls under Biological Classification System (BCS) IV. The aim of the study is to enhan... more Frusemide falls under Biological Classification System (BCS) IV. The aim of the study is to enhance permeation of the drug. In this study frusemide is entrapped by using aqueous solution (phosphate buffer pH 7.4) by the Phospholipid (PL) complex containing ethanol and Tween 80. Formulated liposome was carried out for optimization of the drug loading efficacy by using 12000 to 15000 Molecular Weight cut off of Dialysis Membrane. Central composite design was used to optimize formulation to increase drug loading. Contour plot of drug loading was drawnfrom the drug loading calculation as a primary response factor. Ex-vivo permeation study was carried out of the optimized formulation where inner part of the intestine is exposed towards the donor compartment of Franz diffusion cell. Tween 80 decreases the size of liposomal formulation forming small unilamelar vesicles that forms the most stable nanoliposome suspension. Three of the responded factors was noted in the experiment to degrade the stable product i.e. temperature in storage of extraction and formulation product and size of particles formed. The permeation study showed that there is 1.5 fold increase in flux of frusemide if it is used in liposomal dosage form.

The effect of combination of PG with DMSO, BC, IPM, Tween 80 and SLS on drug release rate was stu... more The effect of combination of PG with DMSO, BC, IPM, Tween 80 and SLS on drug release rate was studied in vitro. The mechanism of drug release was also studied by using power law. Significant difference (One way ANOVA; p<0.05) in release rate among the 16 formulations was seen in the study. The release profiles of various formulations also showed that the added enhancers in individual batches affect the release rate of the drug. The concentration of DMSO and Tween 80 showed directly proportional where as concentration of BC and SLS showed inversely proportional relationship with drug release rate. The increase followed by decrease in drug release rate was seen with increase in IPM concentration. In most of the formulations, drug release occurred by diffusion partially through a swollen matrix and water-filled pores.

Effectiveness of medication administered through oral route is determined by several factors that... more Effectiveness of medication administered through oral route is determined by several factors that affect the overall bioavailability of the drug. The efficacy of oral drug is further reduced in patients suffering with gastrointestinal diseases. Thus, in current work, mucoadhesive tablet formulation is presented that might improve the erratic absorption problem in such patients. Aqueous wet granulation method is used to formulate tablets of 300 mg batch size using 0-40% of crude banana powder (CBP), where diclofenac potassium is used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient. A series of physiochemical parameters together with force of mucoadhesion and in vitro dissolution profile were studied. Among four different formulations, tablets without CBP was found to posses least mucoadhesive strength with immediate drug release effect while that treated with CBP showed increase in mucoadhesive strength with sustained drug release pattern. The highest force of mucoadhesion was found in formul...

Objective: The objective of the research was to formulate, evaluate and optimize the GI floating ... more Objective: The objective of the research was to formulate, evaluate and optimize the GI floating tablet of Ranitidine HCl. Introduction: Ranitidine HCl, the model drug for this study, is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, gastro esophageal reflux disease and erosive oesophagitis. Floating drug delivery systems remain buoyant in the gastric fluid ensuring prolonged gastric residence time and continuously release the drug before it reaches the absorption window, thus ensuring optimal bioavailability. Methods: Thirteen batches of floating matrix tablets of Ranitidine HCl (336) mg were prepared by direct compression technique, using different amount of polymers such as Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) K4M, HPMC K100M. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were incorporated as a gas generating agent. The effect of different polymers on drug release profile and floating properties were investigated. ...

Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The lower residence contact time of drug, higher tear turnover, limited surface area of contact a... more The lower residence contact time of drug, higher tear turnover, limited surface area of contact and impermeability of corneal epithelium layer are the reasons of poor bioavailability of conventional ophthalmic dosage forms. The purpose of this study is to formulate ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (HCl) in situ gelling ophthalmic drug delivery system based on pH of tear fluid for better bioavailability and minimising frequent instillation. This system includes pH sensitive polymer (Carbopol 934p) as a gelling agent and HPMCK15M as a viscosity enhancer which are instilled as a drop and undergo sol-gel transition in the cul-de-sac. Central composite design with two independent factors (Carbopol 934p and HPMCK15M) followed by contour plot and surface response was used to optimise formulation (Optimized). The drug was complexed with Indion® 254 to avoid drug-Carbopol 934p instantaneous incompatibility. The rheological study of Optimized exhibited pseudoplastic behaviour with adequate viscosity at higher pH (7.40 or above). It provided prolonged drug release time (8 hours). It followed Krosmeyer-Peppas model with non-Fickian diffusion. Theocular irritancy based on hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) technique suggested that it had acceptable mild irritancy (0.33, 0.66 and 0.66 out of 3 at 6th, 7th and 8th hours, respectively). It retained its antimicrobial response towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25903). The results of gelling capacity, rheological behaviour and in vitro release studies of F optimized demonstrated that Carbopol 934p-HPMCK15M composite can help to enhance ocular bioavailability.

Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 2014

Domperidone Maleate (DOM), an antiemetic drug, has been used in treatment of adults and children.... more Domperidone Maleate (DOM), an antiemetic drug, has been used in treatment of adults and children. It has low aqueous solubility and hence low bioavailability. In present study, an attempt has been made to enhance the solubility of DOM by inclusion complexation with Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) using kneading technique and formulation of fast disintegrating tablets by using Sodium Starch Glycolate as superdisintegrant. Solubility analysis of DOM in different concentrations of HP-β-CD was carried out. Design of experiment (DOE) is done by using MINITAB 15.1 software to find out the variable for dissolution and disintegration time. HP-β-CD and SSG were identified as the variable for disintegration time and dissolution. For optimization of the concentration of HP-β-CD and SSG, two factors at two levels design through central composite design (CCD) were used which gave 13 formulations. All formulations are evaluated for characteristics such as weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time and dissolution of drug. Solubility of DOM increases linearly with increase in concentration of HP-β-CD. The optimum concentration of HP-β-CD is found to be in 1:2 molar ratios and SSG of 7%. The In-Vitro dissolution studies of optimized formulation and market sample were carried out in USP type II apparatus at different time intervals of 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes at 50 rpm in 0.1 N HCl. The dissolution and disintegration time of optimized formulation is found better than market sample.

SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences

The main objective of this study was to scale up xylanase production from isolated soil microbe (... more The main objective of this study was to scale up xylanase production from isolated soil microbe (Brevibacillus borselensis; the Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC) 9874) in a bioreactor and check digestibility of this crude enzyme in animal feed (wheat). Scale up was done from lab production Xylanolytic activity in bioreactor is greater than flask method due to more controlled condition in bioreactor which is not possible in flask method. Digestibility of crude enzyme was checked in wheat and was found that 16 (15.797) times digestion of wheat animal feed will be increased if it is supplemented with crude xylanase produced in bioreactor in the given condition. Although, pure enzymes are very expensive, this may not be affordable for farmers. Crude enzymes can be produced locally, or it will be very cheap and of low cost as it is present in the crude form thus, it is considered of a great value to farmers to increase their productivity and change their socioeconomic condition

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY