Bukar Umaru - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Bukar Umaru
journal of applied pharmaceutical science, Dec 31, 2022
Securidaca longipedunculata (SL) is an extensively utilized medicinal plant in folk medicine. Pen... more Securidaca longipedunculata (SL) is an extensively utilized medicinal plant in folk medicine. Pentylenetetrazole- (PTZ-)induced seizures and strychnine-induced convulsions were used for evaluating the anticonvulsant activities, while open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) were used to evaluate the anxiolytic activities. In each of these tests, both sexes of mice were selected randomly and divided into five different groups comprising five mice per group. The first group received normal saline 0.1 ml/10 g (negative control) and the next three groups received methanol extract of the plant root bark at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively, while the last group received diazepam 1.0 mg/kg (positive control) intraperitoneally. The extract showed anticonvulsant activity at 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg by significantly (p < 0.05) delaying the onset of convulsion and shortening the duration of convulsion in PTZ-induced seizures. In the strychnine-induced convulsion, there was a significant delay in the onset of the convulsion but not in the duration. The extract also exhibited anxiolytic activities at 1.0 and 1.5 mg/ kg by significantly (p < 0.05) increasing the time taken within the central zone as well as the number of entries to the center zone of the field in OFT, while in the EPM, there was an increase in the time taken at the open arm and in the frequency of entries into the open arm. Diazepam as the positive control recorded better anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activities compared to the extract. The result proved that the methanol extract of SL root bark possesses dose-dependent anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activities, and a potent anticonvulsant/anxiolytic agent could be developed from the extract.
Σe πολλά eργαστήρια, σe παγκόσμιο eπίπeδο, συντeλeίται σημαντική eρeυνητική προσπάθeια για την τα... more Σe πολλά eργαστήρια, σe παγκόσμιο eπίπeδο, συντeλeίται σημαντική eρeυνητική προσπάθeια για την ταυτοποίηση νέων μοριακών μηχανισμών στο πeδίο της αγγeιογένeσης ως στόχων ανάπτυξης φαρμάκων, καθώς η θeραπeυτική ρύθμιση της αγγeιογένeσης μπορeί να eπηρeάσeι σημαντικά την eξέλιξη πολλών ασθeνeιών. Η διέγeρση της αγγeιογένeσης eίναι eπιθυμητή σe καταστάσeις ισχαιμίας όπου η παροχή αίματος μeιώνeται σοβαρά, μe αποτέλeσμα δυσλeιτουργία ή νέκρωση ιστών, όπως πχ συμβαίνeι κατά την eμφάνιση αρτηριοπάθeιας στο διαβητικό κάτω άκρο ή μeτά από έμφραγμα του μυοκαρδίου. Σe αντιδιαστολή, η αναστολή υπeρβολικής ή έκτοπης αγγeιογένeσης μπορeί να eίναι eπωφeλής σe καταστάσeις όπως κατά την ανάπτυξη συμπαγούς όγκου ή σe νeοαγγeιακή eκφύλιση της ωχράς κηλίδας σχeτιζόμeνη μe την ηλικία. Έχeι δeιχθeί ότι το Υδρόθeιο (H2S), ένας νέος αγγeιοδραστικός αέριος διαβιβαστής (gasotransmitter), μπορeί να eκκινήσeι αγγeιογόνeς αποκρίσeις που eξαρτώνται από την eνeργοποίηση των eυαίσθητων στο ΑΤΡ διαύλων καλίου (ΚΑT...
Abuja Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Feb 1, 2019
Turmeric (curcuma longa) is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family and the... more Turmeric (curcuma longa) is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family and the order Zingerberales. It is widely cultivated and used in the treatment of various ailments. In this study, the effect of aqueous extract of C. longa on isolated rabbit jejunum was investigated in vitro using Physiograph (Meditech, India). The rhizome of Curcumin was extracted using Soxhlet extraction method and distilled water was used as a solvent. The elemental analysis was determined using AAS and the result revealed the presence of Potassium, Magnesium, Iron and Nitrogen. The percentage concentrations of trace elements in the aqueous Curcumin rhizome were within the WHO standard limit. The aqueous extract at concentration tested (100 mg/ml) significantly decreased (p<0.05) jejunum smooth muscle contraction. Addition of Atropine (1mM) or Propranolol (1mM) further decreased the amplitude of jejunum smooth muscle contraction. Curcumin rhizome (100 mg/ml) blocked contraction induced by Ach (0.001µg/ml). The result of this work has shown that rhizome of C. longa produced jejunum smooth muscle relaxation, plant extract with antispasmodic activity may reduce gastrointestinal motility thereby delay gastric emptying and may be important in treatment of disease ailments like diarrhoea and colic.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, May 14, 2015
Intense research is conducted to identify new molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis. Previous stud... more Intense research is conducted to identify new molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis. Previous studies have shown that the angiogenic effects of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) depend on the activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K ATP) and that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), which can act through K ATP , promotes endothelial cell growth. We therefore investigated whether direct K ATP activation induces angiogenic responses and whether it is required for the endothelial responses to CNP or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis was similarly enhanced by the direct K ATP channel activator 2-nicotinamidoethyl acetate (SG-209) and by CNP or VEGF. The K ATP inhibitors glibenclamide and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) reduced basal and abolished CNP-induced CAM angiogenesis. In vitro, the direct K ATP openers nicorandil and SG-209 and the polypeptides VEGF and CNP increased proliferation and migration in bEnd.3 mouse endothelial cells. In addition, VEGF and CNP induced cord-like formation on Matrigel by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). All these in vitro endothelial responses were effectively abrogated by glibenclamide or 5-HD. In HUVECs, a smallinterfering RNA-mediated decrease in the expression of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel (K ir) 6.1 subunit impaired cell migration and network morphogenesis in response to either SG-209 or CNP. We conclude that 1) direct pharmacologic activation of K ATP induces angiogenic effects in vitro and in vivo, 2) angiogenic responses to CNP and VEGF depend on K ATP activation and require the expression of the K ir 6.1 K ATP subunit, and 3) K ATP activation may underpin angiogenesis to a variety of vasoactive stimuli, including H 2 S, VEGF, and CNP.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2016
Veterinary World, 2021
Background and Aim: Veterinary antibiotics are widely used to treat bacterial diseases in various... more Background and Aim: Veterinary antibiotics are widely used to treat bacterial diseases in various species of animals. However, despite the importance of these chemotherapeutic agents, their indiscriminate or extensive use can pose dangers to the animals or humans that consume edible tissues from animals contaminated with antibiotic residues. Therefore, concerns regarding their appropriate and judicious use in animals are of public health significance. This is because of the tendencies of developing resistance to targeted microbes and the ability of the parent compound or its metabolites to persist as residues in the animal tissues. This study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of antibiotic usage and ascertain the level of awareness of clinicians on the judicious use of antibiotics at the University of Maiduguri Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Data related to the administration of antibiotics in all species of animals p...
Kanem Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019
Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 2011
INTRODUCTION Acacia nilotica belong to member of the Family Fabaceae. Its tender branches are use... more INTRODUCTION Acacia nilotica belong to member of the Family Fabaceae. Its tender branches are used as fodder for goats and sheep; stem bark crude extract is used to treat toothache, while the pods and leaves are useful in management of stomach ailments, skin disorders and diarrhoea (Duke, 1983). Acacia nilotica inner bark contain tannin (18-23%) used for tanning and dying of leather, (National Academy of Science, 1980). Tender pods and shoots are used as vegetables and is fed SUMMARY The anti-diarrhoea effect of aqueous pod extract of Acacia nilotica was investigated in rats. The pod extract of A. nilotica was obtained by Soxhlet extraction using distilled water as a solvent and subjected to phytochemical screening. The result of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, and reducing sugars. The elemental analysis of the extract revealed high concentration of sodium followed by magnesium, iron, cadmium, zinc, manganese and potassium. The aqueous extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced the number of unformed faeces in castor oil induced diarrhoea in rats. It also significantly (P<0.05) reduced the gastrointestinal transit of activated charcoal. Enteropooling in the experimental rats was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced. The in vitro antibacterial and fungal study showed that the extract inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Shigella dysentery, E. coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Salmonella typhi, and Bacillus albus, as well as Candida albicans. The aqueous pod extract was therefore found to possess active antdiarrhoeic, antibacterial and mycostatic ingredients.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2012
The effects of aqueous pod extract of Acacia nilotica was investigated in rats. The pod extract o... more The effects of aqueous pod extract of Acacia nilotica was investigated in rats. The pod extract of A. nilotica was obtained by Soxhlet extraction using distilled water as a solvent. The aqueous extract was administered for a period of 21 days at 50, 100 and 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The liver enzymes and some biochemical parameters were evaluated. The tissue samples were also taken for histopathological preparations. The effect of the extract significantly (P<0.05) increased values of Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Creatinine. While, significantly (P>0.05) decreased values of serum albumin, total protein, glucose and triglyceride at the end of the 21 days. While alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Urea values were not affected. The histopathological study revealed marked haemorrhages of lung, heart and kidney with renal tubular degeneration. Liver revealed hepatocellular necrosis and mononuclear cell infiltrations, mild congestion of the stomach and mild sub mucosal mononuclear cell infiltrations of the small intestine, respectively. It was therefore concluded that A. nilotica extract has the potential to produce some level of toxicities and it consumption for medicinal purposes should be discourage.
BORNO MEDICAL JOURNAL, 2019
Background: This study was carried out to determine the effects of sildenafil citrate on morpholo... more Background: This study was carried out to determine the effects of sildenafil citrate on morphology of the testes and spermatogenesis during wound healing process in diabetic rats. Eighteen adult male Wistar rats randomly divided into two groups (A and B) of 9 rats per group were treated orally with sildenafil citrate at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 21 days and or/single dose of intraperitoneal injection of insulin (10 IU). Before treatment, type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced in group A by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (130 mg/kg) and a squareshaped wound measuring 1.5 cm 2 was created under anesthesia with ketamine at the dose rate of 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection on the dorsum of rats in all groups with the exception of 3 rats in group B. From each of the two groups (A and B), 9 rats were humanely sacrificed for histology and sperm count. This was done after the administration of the sildenafil citrate on day 21. The results of the study showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in testicular and epididymal sperm head counts. Sections of the testes showed severe vacuolar degeneration of germinal epithelial cells in the seminiferous tubules in diabetic rats during the 21 days of treatment with sildenafil citrate. This indicates that sildenafil citrate may not have any protective effect against testicular injury due to wound healing process in diabetic rats.
Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2016
The study aims to present baseline data on the reproductive anatomy of a poorly known tropical de... more The study aims to present baseline data on the reproductive anatomy of a poorly known tropical deer species, Rusa deer (Rusa timorensis). The anatomy of female reproductive system is described using seven uniparous hinds, aged between four and eight years. The various reproductive structures were studied via standard descriptive methods. There was a significant difference in the length and width of both right and left ovaries. The left ovary was slightly larger than the right ovary which indicates that it is physiologically more active. The results of the study showed that the anatomy of female reproductive system of R. timorensis was similar to that observed in domestic ruminants except that the uterus did not have an interconual ligament and this implies that the uterine horns are anchored in such a way that sperm deposited into only one uterine horn of the Rusa deer will be transported to the other uterine horn (interconual transport). Unlike the red brocket deer and pampas deer, the cervix of R. timorensis was characterized by six cervical rings projecting into the cervical canal. This feature should be taken into account when designing effective instrumentation and techniques for transcervical passage of semen during artificial insemination in this species. The results from this study have provided baseline data on the reproductive anatomy of this vulnerable species, and the knowledge generated can be useful in the development of appropriate reproductive techniques in order to increase its population in captivity and also enable easy detection of its reproductive anomalies, thus strategies to propagate and conserve the species can be established.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2017
Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2022
The persistent application of chemicals in pest control and agricultural processes possess a publ... more The persistent application of chemicals in pest control and agricultural processes possess a public health concern as their use are often associated with acute or chronic poisoning cases in both humans and animals. In veterinary medicine, pesticides such as organophosphates and carbamates are exclusively used in ectoparasitic control through pour on, tick bath and fumigation. The incidence of organophosphate or carbamate poisoning in dogs within Maiduguri, north-eastern Nigeria was assessed using three government approved and licensed veterinary centres. Data were obtained through the review of three years (2016-2018) retrospective cases of organophosphate/carbamate poisoning and administration of questionnaires to actively practising veterinarians. Investigation revealed that organophosphate/carbamate poisoning in dogs within Maiduguri metropolis constituted 37% of poisoning cases and was on the increase in recent years with 22.96% of the total cases reported in 2016, 34.08% in 201...
Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, 2017
The methanol seed extract of Abrus precatorius was studied for its acute toxicity and its effect ... more The methanol seed extract of Abrus precatorius was studied for its acute toxicity and its effect on spermatogenesis in rats as well as its phytochemical constituents. The results of this investigation showed that the LD 50 of the methanol seed extract following oral administration was above 5000 mg/kg showing low toxicity. Histological studies of the liver, kidneys and testes of the rats treated with the various oral doses (10 - 5000 mg/kg body weight) showed no remarkable changes in the hepatocytes, kidney cells and testes compared to the control. The effects on sperm cells did not show any significant increase in total sperm head counts. The Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of pharmacologically active compounds such as reducing sugars, tannins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, saponins and flavonoids. In conclusion, the methanol seed extract of Abrus precatorius contain important phytochemical constituents possessing pharmacological activities and it is relatively safe ...
British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2016
Celtis integrifolia Lam. plants also known as hackberries or nettle trees are widely spread in wa... more Celtis integrifolia Lam. plants also known as hackberries or nettle trees are widely spread in warm temperate region of African, Latin America and Asia. The aqueous leaf extract of Celtis integrifolia was obtained by soxhlet extraction using distilled water as a solvent. The aqueous leaf extract was then evaluated for its acute toxicity, phytochemical compounds and anti-diarrheal potential using standard protocol. The results showed that the LD 50 of aqueous leaf extract of Celtis integrifolia was greater than 3000 mg/kg following up and down procedure, an indication of low toxicity. The phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract indicates the presence of saponins, reducing sugar, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrate and cardiac glycoside. The leave extract significantly (p<0.01)
Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2017
This study presents baseline data on the effect of sildenafil citrate on some of the haematologic... more This study presents baseline data on the effect of sildenafil citrate on some of the haematological and biochemical parameters in wistar rats with diabetes and wound formation. Forty two albino rats weighing between 139 and 225 g were separated at random into seven groups (A, B, C, D, E, F and G) of six rats per group. Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced in groups A, B, C and D by a single intra-peritoneal injection of 130 mg/kg Alloxan. Rats in group A were treated with orally dose of 50 mg/kg sildenafil citrate for 21 days and rats in group B were administered 10 IU of insulin intramuscularly once and sildenafil citrate as in Group A. The rats in group C were treated with a single dose of 10 IU of insulin intramuscularly, and rats in group D with only distilled water. Groups E and F were normal rats with wounds similar to those of diabetic rats in the previous groups and each rat in group E was also treated with sildenafil citrate as in Group A and those in group F were treated with only distilled water. Group G were normal rats without wound treated with sildenafil citrate as in Group A. Blood samples were taken before (day 0) and after the administration of the sildenafil citrate on day 7, 14 and 21. The results of the study showed significant decreased in red blood cells count from 6.28 ± 0.46 × 10 6 to 2.81 ± 0.46 × 10 6 in diabetic rats during the 14 days of treatment with sildenafil citrate, however, there was an indication that continues treatment for up to 21 days reduced the blood glucose and increased the red blood cells count and this may be an indication that sildenafil citrate improves insulin mediated glucose pathways.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2015
The study aims to present baseline data on the reproductive anatomy of a poorly known tropical de... more The study aims to present baseline data on the reproductive anatomy of a poorly known tropical deer species, Rusa deer (Rusa timorensis). The anatomy of female reproductive system is described using seven uniparous hinds, aged between four and eight years. The various reproductive structures were studied via s t a n d a r d d e s c r i p t i v e methods. There was a significant difference in the length and width of both right and left ovaries. The left ovary was slightly larger than the right ovary which indicates that it is physiologically more active. The results of the study showed that the anatomy of female reproductive system of R. timorensis was similar to that observed in domestic ruminants except that the uterus did not have an interconual ligament and this implies that the uterine horns are anchored in such a way that sperm deposited into only one uterine horn of the Rusa deer will be transported to the other uterine horn (interconual transport). Unlike the red brocket deer and pampas deer, the cervix of R. timorensis was characterized by six cervical rings projecting into the cervical canal. This feature should be taken into account when designing effective instrumentation and techniques for transcervical passage of semen during artificial insemination in this species. The results from this study have provided baseline data on the reproductive anatomy of this vulnerable species, and the knowledge generated can be useful in the development of appropriate reproductive techniques in order to increase its population in captivity and also enable easy detection of its reproductive anomalies, thus strategies to propagate and conserve the species can established.
journal of applied pharmaceutical science, Dec 31, 2022
Securidaca longipedunculata (SL) is an extensively utilized medicinal plant in folk medicine. Pen... more Securidaca longipedunculata (SL) is an extensively utilized medicinal plant in folk medicine. Pentylenetetrazole- (PTZ-)induced seizures and strychnine-induced convulsions were used for evaluating the anticonvulsant activities, while open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) were used to evaluate the anxiolytic activities. In each of these tests, both sexes of mice were selected randomly and divided into five different groups comprising five mice per group. The first group received normal saline 0.1 ml/10 g (negative control) and the next three groups received methanol extract of the plant root bark at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively, while the last group received diazepam 1.0 mg/kg (positive control) intraperitoneally. The extract showed anticonvulsant activity at 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg by significantly (p < 0.05) delaying the onset of convulsion and shortening the duration of convulsion in PTZ-induced seizures. In the strychnine-induced convulsion, there was a significant delay in the onset of the convulsion but not in the duration. The extract also exhibited anxiolytic activities at 1.0 and 1.5 mg/ kg by significantly (p < 0.05) increasing the time taken within the central zone as well as the number of entries to the center zone of the field in OFT, while in the EPM, there was an increase in the time taken at the open arm and in the frequency of entries into the open arm. Diazepam as the positive control recorded better anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activities compared to the extract. The result proved that the methanol extract of SL root bark possesses dose-dependent anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activities, and a potent anticonvulsant/anxiolytic agent could be developed from the extract.
Σe πολλά eργαστήρια, σe παγκόσμιο eπίπeδο, συντeλeίται σημαντική eρeυνητική προσπάθeια για την τα... more Σe πολλά eργαστήρια, σe παγκόσμιο eπίπeδο, συντeλeίται σημαντική eρeυνητική προσπάθeια για την ταυτοποίηση νέων μοριακών μηχανισμών στο πeδίο της αγγeιογένeσης ως στόχων ανάπτυξης φαρμάκων, καθώς η θeραπeυτική ρύθμιση της αγγeιογένeσης μπορeί να eπηρeάσeι σημαντικά την eξέλιξη πολλών ασθeνeιών. Η διέγeρση της αγγeιογένeσης eίναι eπιθυμητή σe καταστάσeις ισχαιμίας όπου η παροχή αίματος μeιώνeται σοβαρά, μe αποτέλeσμα δυσλeιτουργία ή νέκρωση ιστών, όπως πχ συμβαίνeι κατά την eμφάνιση αρτηριοπάθeιας στο διαβητικό κάτω άκρο ή μeτά από έμφραγμα του μυοκαρδίου. Σe αντιδιαστολή, η αναστολή υπeρβολικής ή έκτοπης αγγeιογένeσης μπορeί να eίναι eπωφeλής σe καταστάσeις όπως κατά την ανάπτυξη συμπαγούς όγκου ή σe νeοαγγeιακή eκφύλιση της ωχράς κηλίδας σχeτιζόμeνη μe την ηλικία. Έχeι δeιχθeί ότι το Υδρόθeιο (H2S), ένας νέος αγγeιοδραστικός αέριος διαβιβαστής (gasotransmitter), μπορeί να eκκινήσeι αγγeιογόνeς αποκρίσeις που eξαρτώνται από την eνeργοποίηση των eυαίσθητων στο ΑΤΡ διαύλων καλίου (ΚΑT...
Abuja Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Feb 1, 2019
Turmeric (curcuma longa) is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family and the... more Turmeric (curcuma longa) is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family and the order Zingerberales. It is widely cultivated and used in the treatment of various ailments. In this study, the effect of aqueous extract of C. longa on isolated rabbit jejunum was investigated in vitro using Physiograph (Meditech, India). The rhizome of Curcumin was extracted using Soxhlet extraction method and distilled water was used as a solvent. The elemental analysis was determined using AAS and the result revealed the presence of Potassium, Magnesium, Iron and Nitrogen. The percentage concentrations of trace elements in the aqueous Curcumin rhizome were within the WHO standard limit. The aqueous extract at concentration tested (100 mg/ml) significantly decreased (p<0.05) jejunum smooth muscle contraction. Addition of Atropine (1mM) or Propranolol (1mM) further decreased the amplitude of jejunum smooth muscle contraction. Curcumin rhizome (100 mg/ml) blocked contraction induced by Ach (0.001µg/ml). The result of this work has shown that rhizome of C. longa produced jejunum smooth muscle relaxation, plant extract with antispasmodic activity may reduce gastrointestinal motility thereby delay gastric emptying and may be important in treatment of disease ailments like diarrhoea and colic.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, May 14, 2015
Intense research is conducted to identify new molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis. Previous stud... more Intense research is conducted to identify new molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis. Previous studies have shown that the angiogenic effects of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) depend on the activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K ATP) and that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), which can act through K ATP , promotes endothelial cell growth. We therefore investigated whether direct K ATP activation induces angiogenic responses and whether it is required for the endothelial responses to CNP or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis was similarly enhanced by the direct K ATP channel activator 2-nicotinamidoethyl acetate (SG-209) and by CNP or VEGF. The K ATP inhibitors glibenclamide and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) reduced basal and abolished CNP-induced CAM angiogenesis. In vitro, the direct K ATP openers nicorandil and SG-209 and the polypeptides VEGF and CNP increased proliferation and migration in bEnd.3 mouse endothelial cells. In addition, VEGF and CNP induced cord-like formation on Matrigel by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). All these in vitro endothelial responses were effectively abrogated by glibenclamide or 5-HD. In HUVECs, a smallinterfering RNA-mediated decrease in the expression of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel (K ir) 6.1 subunit impaired cell migration and network morphogenesis in response to either SG-209 or CNP. We conclude that 1) direct pharmacologic activation of K ATP induces angiogenic effects in vitro and in vivo, 2) angiogenic responses to CNP and VEGF depend on K ATP activation and require the expression of the K ir 6.1 K ATP subunit, and 3) K ATP activation may underpin angiogenesis to a variety of vasoactive stimuli, including H 2 S, VEGF, and CNP.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2016
Veterinary World, 2021
Background and Aim: Veterinary antibiotics are widely used to treat bacterial diseases in various... more Background and Aim: Veterinary antibiotics are widely used to treat bacterial diseases in various species of animals. However, despite the importance of these chemotherapeutic agents, their indiscriminate or extensive use can pose dangers to the animals or humans that consume edible tissues from animals contaminated with antibiotic residues. Therefore, concerns regarding their appropriate and judicious use in animals are of public health significance. This is because of the tendencies of developing resistance to targeted microbes and the ability of the parent compound or its metabolites to persist as residues in the animal tissues. This study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of antibiotic usage and ascertain the level of awareness of clinicians on the judicious use of antibiotics at the University of Maiduguri Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Data related to the administration of antibiotics in all species of animals p...
Kanem Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019
Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 2011
INTRODUCTION Acacia nilotica belong to member of the Family Fabaceae. Its tender branches are use... more INTRODUCTION Acacia nilotica belong to member of the Family Fabaceae. Its tender branches are used as fodder for goats and sheep; stem bark crude extract is used to treat toothache, while the pods and leaves are useful in management of stomach ailments, skin disorders and diarrhoea (Duke, 1983). Acacia nilotica inner bark contain tannin (18-23%) used for tanning and dying of leather, (National Academy of Science, 1980). Tender pods and shoots are used as vegetables and is fed SUMMARY The anti-diarrhoea effect of aqueous pod extract of Acacia nilotica was investigated in rats. The pod extract of A. nilotica was obtained by Soxhlet extraction using distilled water as a solvent and subjected to phytochemical screening. The result of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, and reducing sugars. The elemental analysis of the extract revealed high concentration of sodium followed by magnesium, iron, cadmium, zinc, manganese and potassium. The aqueous extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced the number of unformed faeces in castor oil induced diarrhoea in rats. It also significantly (P<0.05) reduced the gastrointestinal transit of activated charcoal. Enteropooling in the experimental rats was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced. The in vitro antibacterial and fungal study showed that the extract inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Shigella dysentery, E. coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Salmonella typhi, and Bacillus albus, as well as Candida albicans. The aqueous pod extract was therefore found to possess active antdiarrhoeic, antibacterial and mycostatic ingredients.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2012
The effects of aqueous pod extract of Acacia nilotica was investigated in rats. The pod extract o... more The effects of aqueous pod extract of Acacia nilotica was investigated in rats. The pod extract of A. nilotica was obtained by Soxhlet extraction using distilled water as a solvent. The aqueous extract was administered for a period of 21 days at 50, 100 and 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The liver enzymes and some biochemical parameters were evaluated. The tissue samples were also taken for histopathological preparations. The effect of the extract significantly (P<0.05) increased values of Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Creatinine. While, significantly (P>0.05) decreased values of serum albumin, total protein, glucose and triglyceride at the end of the 21 days. While alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Urea values were not affected. The histopathological study revealed marked haemorrhages of lung, heart and kidney with renal tubular degeneration. Liver revealed hepatocellular necrosis and mononuclear cell infiltrations, mild congestion of the stomach and mild sub mucosal mononuclear cell infiltrations of the small intestine, respectively. It was therefore concluded that A. nilotica extract has the potential to produce some level of toxicities and it consumption for medicinal purposes should be discourage.
BORNO MEDICAL JOURNAL, 2019
Background: This study was carried out to determine the effects of sildenafil citrate on morpholo... more Background: This study was carried out to determine the effects of sildenafil citrate on morphology of the testes and spermatogenesis during wound healing process in diabetic rats. Eighteen adult male Wistar rats randomly divided into two groups (A and B) of 9 rats per group were treated orally with sildenafil citrate at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 21 days and or/single dose of intraperitoneal injection of insulin (10 IU). Before treatment, type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced in group A by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (130 mg/kg) and a squareshaped wound measuring 1.5 cm 2 was created under anesthesia with ketamine at the dose rate of 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection on the dorsum of rats in all groups with the exception of 3 rats in group B. From each of the two groups (A and B), 9 rats were humanely sacrificed for histology and sperm count. This was done after the administration of the sildenafil citrate on day 21. The results of the study showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in testicular and epididymal sperm head counts. Sections of the testes showed severe vacuolar degeneration of germinal epithelial cells in the seminiferous tubules in diabetic rats during the 21 days of treatment with sildenafil citrate. This indicates that sildenafil citrate may not have any protective effect against testicular injury due to wound healing process in diabetic rats.
Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2016
The study aims to present baseline data on the reproductive anatomy of a poorly known tropical de... more The study aims to present baseline data on the reproductive anatomy of a poorly known tropical deer species, Rusa deer (Rusa timorensis). The anatomy of female reproductive system is described using seven uniparous hinds, aged between four and eight years. The various reproductive structures were studied via standard descriptive methods. There was a significant difference in the length and width of both right and left ovaries. The left ovary was slightly larger than the right ovary which indicates that it is physiologically more active. The results of the study showed that the anatomy of female reproductive system of R. timorensis was similar to that observed in domestic ruminants except that the uterus did not have an interconual ligament and this implies that the uterine horns are anchored in such a way that sperm deposited into only one uterine horn of the Rusa deer will be transported to the other uterine horn (interconual transport). Unlike the red brocket deer and pampas deer, the cervix of R. timorensis was characterized by six cervical rings projecting into the cervical canal. This feature should be taken into account when designing effective instrumentation and techniques for transcervical passage of semen during artificial insemination in this species. The results from this study have provided baseline data on the reproductive anatomy of this vulnerable species, and the knowledge generated can be useful in the development of appropriate reproductive techniques in order to increase its population in captivity and also enable easy detection of its reproductive anomalies, thus strategies to propagate and conserve the species can be established.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2017
Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2022
The persistent application of chemicals in pest control and agricultural processes possess a publ... more The persistent application of chemicals in pest control and agricultural processes possess a public health concern as their use are often associated with acute or chronic poisoning cases in both humans and animals. In veterinary medicine, pesticides such as organophosphates and carbamates are exclusively used in ectoparasitic control through pour on, tick bath and fumigation. The incidence of organophosphate or carbamate poisoning in dogs within Maiduguri, north-eastern Nigeria was assessed using three government approved and licensed veterinary centres. Data were obtained through the review of three years (2016-2018) retrospective cases of organophosphate/carbamate poisoning and administration of questionnaires to actively practising veterinarians. Investigation revealed that organophosphate/carbamate poisoning in dogs within Maiduguri metropolis constituted 37% of poisoning cases and was on the increase in recent years with 22.96% of the total cases reported in 2016, 34.08% in 201...
Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, 2017
The methanol seed extract of Abrus precatorius was studied for its acute toxicity and its effect ... more The methanol seed extract of Abrus precatorius was studied for its acute toxicity and its effect on spermatogenesis in rats as well as its phytochemical constituents. The results of this investigation showed that the LD 50 of the methanol seed extract following oral administration was above 5000 mg/kg showing low toxicity. Histological studies of the liver, kidneys and testes of the rats treated with the various oral doses (10 - 5000 mg/kg body weight) showed no remarkable changes in the hepatocytes, kidney cells and testes compared to the control. The effects on sperm cells did not show any significant increase in total sperm head counts. The Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of pharmacologically active compounds such as reducing sugars, tannins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, saponins and flavonoids. In conclusion, the methanol seed extract of Abrus precatorius contain important phytochemical constituents possessing pharmacological activities and it is relatively safe ...
British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2016
Celtis integrifolia Lam. plants also known as hackberries or nettle trees are widely spread in wa... more Celtis integrifolia Lam. plants also known as hackberries or nettle trees are widely spread in warm temperate region of African, Latin America and Asia. The aqueous leaf extract of Celtis integrifolia was obtained by soxhlet extraction using distilled water as a solvent. The aqueous leaf extract was then evaluated for its acute toxicity, phytochemical compounds and anti-diarrheal potential using standard protocol. The results showed that the LD 50 of aqueous leaf extract of Celtis integrifolia was greater than 3000 mg/kg following up and down procedure, an indication of low toxicity. The phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract indicates the presence of saponins, reducing sugar, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrate and cardiac glycoside. The leave extract significantly (p<0.01)
Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2017
This study presents baseline data on the effect of sildenafil citrate on some of the haematologic... more This study presents baseline data on the effect of sildenafil citrate on some of the haematological and biochemical parameters in wistar rats with diabetes and wound formation. Forty two albino rats weighing between 139 and 225 g were separated at random into seven groups (A, B, C, D, E, F and G) of six rats per group. Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced in groups A, B, C and D by a single intra-peritoneal injection of 130 mg/kg Alloxan. Rats in group A were treated with orally dose of 50 mg/kg sildenafil citrate for 21 days and rats in group B were administered 10 IU of insulin intramuscularly once and sildenafil citrate as in Group A. The rats in group C were treated with a single dose of 10 IU of insulin intramuscularly, and rats in group D with only distilled water. Groups E and F were normal rats with wounds similar to those of diabetic rats in the previous groups and each rat in group E was also treated with sildenafil citrate as in Group A and those in group F were treated with only distilled water. Group G were normal rats without wound treated with sildenafil citrate as in Group A. Blood samples were taken before (day 0) and after the administration of the sildenafil citrate on day 7, 14 and 21. The results of the study showed significant decreased in red blood cells count from 6.28 ± 0.46 × 10 6 to 2.81 ± 0.46 × 10 6 in diabetic rats during the 14 days of treatment with sildenafil citrate, however, there was an indication that continues treatment for up to 21 days reduced the blood glucose and increased the red blood cells count and this may be an indication that sildenafil citrate improves insulin mediated glucose pathways.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2015
The study aims to present baseline data on the reproductive anatomy of a poorly known tropical de... more The study aims to present baseline data on the reproductive anatomy of a poorly known tropical deer species, Rusa deer (Rusa timorensis). The anatomy of female reproductive system is described using seven uniparous hinds, aged between four and eight years. The various reproductive structures were studied via s t a n d a r d d e s c r i p t i v e methods. There was a significant difference in the length and width of both right and left ovaries. The left ovary was slightly larger than the right ovary which indicates that it is physiologically more active. The results of the study showed that the anatomy of female reproductive system of R. timorensis was similar to that observed in domestic ruminants except that the uterus did not have an interconual ligament and this implies that the uterine horns are anchored in such a way that sperm deposited into only one uterine horn of the Rusa deer will be transported to the other uterine horn (interconual transport). Unlike the red brocket deer and pampas deer, the cervix of R. timorensis was characterized by six cervical rings projecting into the cervical canal. This feature should be taken into account when designing effective instrumentation and techniques for transcervical passage of semen during artificial insemination in this species. The results from this study have provided baseline data on the reproductive anatomy of this vulnerable species, and the knowledge generated can be useful in the development of appropriate reproductive techniques in order to increase its population in captivity and also enable easy detection of its reproductive anomalies, thus strategies to propagate and conserve the species can established.