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Papers by Burak Temelkuran

Research paper thumbnail of Low-loss IR dielectric material system for broadband multiple-range omnidirectional reflectivity

Research paper thumbnail of Medical system including a flexible waveguide mechanically coupled to an actuator

Research paper thumbnail of Photonic Crystal Fibers and Medical Systems Including Photonic Crystal Fibers

Research paper thumbnail of Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibres with large photonic bandgaps for CO 2 laser transmission

Nature International Weekly Journal of Science, 2002

Conventional solid-core optical fibres require highly transparent materials. Such materials have ... more Conventional solid-core optical fibres require highly transparent materials. Such materials have been difficult to identify owing to the fundamental limitations associated with the propagation of light through solids, such as absorption, scattering and nonlinear effects. Hollow optical fibres offer the potential to minimize the dependence of light transmission on fibre material transparency. Here we report on the design and drawing of a hollow optical fibre lined with an interior omnidirectional dielectric mirror. Confinement of light in the hollow core is provided by the large photonic bandgaps established by the multiple alternating submicrometre-thick layers of a high-refractive-index glass and a low-refractive-index polymer. The fundamental and high-order transmission windows are determined by the layer dimensions and can be scaled from 0.75 to 10.6 micro m in wavelength. Tens of metres of hollow photonic bandgap fibres for transmission of carbon dioxide laser light at 10.6 micro m wavelength were drawn. The transmission losses are found to be less than 1.0 dB m(-1), orders of magnitude lower than those of the intrinsic fibre material, thus demonstrating that low attenuation can be achieved through structural design rather than high-transparency material selection.

Research paper thumbnail of Fiber waveguides and methods of making the same

Research paper thumbnail of Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibers with large photonic bandgaps for CO laser transmission

Research paper thumbnail of Microwave Applications of Photonic Band Gap Structures

30th European Microwave Conference, 2000, 2000

Abstract We have investigated two major applications of photonic band gap materials. We demonstra... more Abstract We have investigated two major applications of photonic band gap materials. We demonstrated the guiding and bending of electromagnetic waves through planar waveguides built around layer-by-layer photonic crystals. We then investigated the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Applications of Photonic Crystals to Directional Antennas

Photonic Crystals and Light Localization in the 21st Century, 2001

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Hollow-Core Fibers

Specialty Optical Fibers Handbook, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Guiding, bending, and splitting of electromagnetic waves in highly confined photonic crystal waveguides

Physical Review B, 2001

We have experimentally demonstrated the guiding, bending, and splitting of electromagnetic ͑EM͒ w... more We have experimentally demonstrated the guiding, bending, and splitting of electromagnetic ͑EM͒ waves in highly confined waveguides built around three-dimensional layer-by-layer photonic crystals by removing a single rod. Full transmission of the EM waves was observed for straight and bended waveguides. We also investigated the power splitter structures in which the input EM power could be efficiently divided into the output waveguide ports. The experimental results, dispersion relation and photon lifetime, were analyzed with a theory based on the tight-binding photon picture. Our results provide an important tool for designing photonic crystal based optoelectronic components.

Research paper thumbnail of <title>Widely tunable resonant cavity enhanced detectors built around photonic crystals</title>

Integrated Optics Devices III, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Physics and Applications of Photonic Crystals

Photonic Crystals and Light Localization in the 21st Century, 2001

In this article, we investigate how the photonic band gaps and the variety of band dispersions of... more In this article, we investigate how the photonic band gaps and the variety of band dispersions of photonic crystals can be utilized for various applications and how they further give rise to completely novel optical phenomena. The enhancement of spontaneous emission through coupled cavity waveguides in a one-dimensional silicon nitride photonic microcrystal is investigated. We then present the highly directive radiation from sources embedded in two-dimensional photonic crystals. The manifestation of novel and intriguing optical properties of photonic crystals are exemplified experimentally by the negative refraction and the focusing of electromagnetic waves through a photonic crystal slab with subwavelength resolution. #

Research paper thumbnail of <title>OmniGuide photonic bandgap fibers for flexible delivery of CO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> laser energy for laryngeal and airway surgery</title>

Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics, 2005

The CO2 laser is the most widely used laser in laryngology, offering very precise cutting, predic... more The CO2 laser is the most widely used laser in laryngology, offering very precise cutting, predictable depth of penetration, and minimal collateral damage due to the efficient absorption of CO2 laser by water. Surgical applications of CO2 laser in microlaryngoscopy include removal of benign lesions and early-stage laryngeal cancer. A Transoral Laser Microsurgery (TLM) approach is routinely employed for treatment

Research paper thumbnail of External Reflection from Omnidirectional Dielectric Mirror Fibers

Science, 2002

We report the design and fabrication of a multilayered macroscopic fiber preform and the subseque... more We report the design and fabrication of a multilayered macroscopic fiber preform and the subsequent drawing and optical characterization of extended lengths of omnidirectional dielectric mirror fibers with submicrometer layer thickness. A pair of glassy materials with substantially different indices of refraction, but with similar thermomechanical properties, was used to construct 21 layers of alternating refractive index surrounding a tough polymer core. Large directional photonic band gaps and high reflection efficiencies comparable to those of the best metallic reflectors were obtained. Potential applications of these fibers include woven fabrics for radiation barriers, spectral authentication of cloth, and filters for telecommunications.

Research paper thumbnail of Microwave Applications of Photonic Crystals

Progress In Electromagnetics Research, 2003

Abstract—We have demonstrated guiding and bending of electromag- netic (EM) waves in planar and c... more Abstract—We have demonstrated guiding and bending of electromag- netic (EM) waves in planar and coupled-cavity waveguides built around three-dimensional layer-by-layer photonic crystals. We observed full transmission of the EM waves through these waveguide structures. The dispersion relations obtained from the experiments were in good agree- ment with the predictions of our waveguide models. We also reported a resonant cavity enhanced

Research paper thumbnail of Tight-Binding Description of the Coupled Defect Modes in Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals

Physical Review Letters, 2000

We have experimentally observed the eigenmode splitting due to coupling of the evanescent defect ... more We have experimentally observed the eigenmode splitting due to coupling of the evanescent defect modes in three-dimensional photonic crystals. The splitting was well explained with a theory based on the classical wave analog of the tight-binding ( TB) formalism in solid state physics. The experimental results were used to extract the TB parameters. A new type of waveguiding in a photonic crystal was demonstrated experimentally. A complete transmission was achieved throughout the entire waveguiding band. We have also obtained the dispersion relation for the waveguiding band of the coupled periodic defects from the transmission-phase measurements and from the TB calculations.

Research paper thumbnail of Dielectric omnidirectional visible reflector

Optics Letters, 2001

We demonstrate the fabrication of an all-dielectric omnidirectional mirror for visible frequencie... more We demonstrate the fabrication of an all-dielectric omnidirectional mirror for visible frequencies. The dielectric ref lector consists of a stack of 19 alternating layers of tin (IV) sulfide and silica. Using a combination of thermal evaporation (for tin sulfide) and thick electron-beam evaporation (for silica), we have achieved a refractive-index contrast of 2.6͞1.46, one of the highest refractive-index contrasts demonstrated in one-dimensional photonic bandgap systems designed for the visible frequency range. The tin sulfide -silica material system developed allowed the formation of a broadband visible ref lector with an omnidirectional range greater than 10%. Possible applications of the system include efficient ref lectors, high-frequency waveguides for communications and power delivery, and high-Q cavities.

Research paper thumbnail of Exceptionally directional sources with photonic-bandgap crystals

Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 2001

Three-dimensional photonic-bandgap crystals are used to design and fabricate uniquely directional... more Three-dimensional photonic-bandgap crystals are used to design and fabricate uniquely directional sources and receivers. By utilizing the resonances of a Fabry-Perot cavity formed with photonic-bandgap crystals, we were able to create exceptionally directional sources by placing the sources within such a cavity. Very good agreement between finite-difference time-domain calculations and the experiment is obtained. Radiation patterns with half-power beam widths of less than 12 degrees were obtained.

Research paper thumbnail of Towards multimaterial multifunctional fibres that see, hear, sense and communicate

Research paper thumbnail of Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibres with large photonic bandgaps for CO2 laser transmission

Nature, 2002

Conventional solid-core optical fibres require highly transparent materials. Such materials have ... more Conventional solid-core optical fibres require highly transparent materials. Such materials have been difficult to identify owing to the fundamental limitations associated with the propagation of light through solids, such as absorption, scattering and nonlinear effects. Hollow optical fibres offer the potential to minimize the dependence of light transmission on fibre material transparency. Here we report on the design and drawing of a hollow optical fibre lined with an interior omnidirectional dielectric mirror. Confinement of light in the hollow core is provided by the large photonic bandgaps established by the multiple alternating submicrometre-thick layers of a high-refractive-index glass and a low-refractive-index polymer. The fundamental and high-order transmission windows are determined by the layer dimensions and can be scaled from 0.75 to 10.6 micro m in wavelength. Tens of metres of hollow photonic bandgap fibres for transmission of carbon dioxide laser light at 10.6 micro m wavelength were drawn. The transmission losses are found to be less than 1.0 dB m(-1), orders of magnitude lower than those of the intrinsic fibre material, thus demonstrating that low attenuation can be achieved through structural design rather than high-transparency material selection.

Research paper thumbnail of Low-loss IR dielectric material system for broadband multiple-range omnidirectional reflectivity

Research paper thumbnail of Medical system including a flexible waveguide mechanically coupled to an actuator

Research paper thumbnail of Photonic Crystal Fibers and Medical Systems Including Photonic Crystal Fibers

Research paper thumbnail of Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibres with large photonic bandgaps for CO 2 laser transmission

Nature International Weekly Journal of Science, 2002

Conventional solid-core optical fibres require highly transparent materials. Such materials have ... more Conventional solid-core optical fibres require highly transparent materials. Such materials have been difficult to identify owing to the fundamental limitations associated with the propagation of light through solids, such as absorption, scattering and nonlinear effects. Hollow optical fibres offer the potential to minimize the dependence of light transmission on fibre material transparency. Here we report on the design and drawing of a hollow optical fibre lined with an interior omnidirectional dielectric mirror. Confinement of light in the hollow core is provided by the large photonic bandgaps established by the multiple alternating submicrometre-thick layers of a high-refractive-index glass and a low-refractive-index polymer. The fundamental and high-order transmission windows are determined by the layer dimensions and can be scaled from 0.75 to 10.6 micro m in wavelength. Tens of metres of hollow photonic bandgap fibres for transmission of carbon dioxide laser light at 10.6 micro m wavelength were drawn. The transmission losses are found to be less than 1.0 dB m(-1), orders of magnitude lower than those of the intrinsic fibre material, thus demonstrating that low attenuation can be achieved through structural design rather than high-transparency material selection.

Research paper thumbnail of Fiber waveguides and methods of making the same

Research paper thumbnail of Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibers with large photonic bandgaps for CO laser transmission

Research paper thumbnail of Microwave Applications of Photonic Band Gap Structures

30th European Microwave Conference, 2000, 2000

Abstract We have investigated two major applications of photonic band gap materials. We demonstra... more Abstract We have investigated two major applications of photonic band gap materials. We demonstrated the guiding and bending of electromagnetic waves through planar waveguides built around layer-by-layer photonic crystals. We then investigated the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Applications of Photonic Crystals to Directional Antennas

Photonic Crystals and Light Localization in the 21st Century, 2001

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Hollow-Core Fibers

Specialty Optical Fibers Handbook, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Guiding, bending, and splitting of electromagnetic waves in highly confined photonic crystal waveguides

Physical Review B, 2001

We have experimentally demonstrated the guiding, bending, and splitting of electromagnetic ͑EM͒ w... more We have experimentally demonstrated the guiding, bending, and splitting of electromagnetic ͑EM͒ waves in highly confined waveguides built around three-dimensional layer-by-layer photonic crystals by removing a single rod. Full transmission of the EM waves was observed for straight and bended waveguides. We also investigated the power splitter structures in which the input EM power could be efficiently divided into the output waveguide ports. The experimental results, dispersion relation and photon lifetime, were analyzed with a theory based on the tight-binding photon picture. Our results provide an important tool for designing photonic crystal based optoelectronic components.

Research paper thumbnail of <title>Widely tunable resonant cavity enhanced detectors built around photonic crystals</title>

Integrated Optics Devices III, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Physics and Applications of Photonic Crystals

Photonic Crystals and Light Localization in the 21st Century, 2001

In this article, we investigate how the photonic band gaps and the variety of band dispersions of... more In this article, we investigate how the photonic band gaps and the variety of band dispersions of photonic crystals can be utilized for various applications and how they further give rise to completely novel optical phenomena. The enhancement of spontaneous emission through coupled cavity waveguides in a one-dimensional silicon nitride photonic microcrystal is investigated. We then present the highly directive radiation from sources embedded in two-dimensional photonic crystals. The manifestation of novel and intriguing optical properties of photonic crystals are exemplified experimentally by the negative refraction and the focusing of electromagnetic waves through a photonic crystal slab with subwavelength resolution. #

Research paper thumbnail of <title>OmniGuide photonic bandgap fibers for flexible delivery of CO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> laser energy for laryngeal and airway surgery</title>

Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics, 2005

The CO2 laser is the most widely used laser in laryngology, offering very precise cutting, predic... more The CO2 laser is the most widely used laser in laryngology, offering very precise cutting, predictable depth of penetration, and minimal collateral damage due to the efficient absorption of CO2 laser by water. Surgical applications of CO2 laser in microlaryngoscopy include removal of benign lesions and early-stage laryngeal cancer. A Transoral Laser Microsurgery (TLM) approach is routinely employed for treatment

Research paper thumbnail of External Reflection from Omnidirectional Dielectric Mirror Fibers

Science, 2002

We report the design and fabrication of a multilayered macroscopic fiber preform and the subseque... more We report the design and fabrication of a multilayered macroscopic fiber preform and the subsequent drawing and optical characterization of extended lengths of omnidirectional dielectric mirror fibers with submicrometer layer thickness. A pair of glassy materials with substantially different indices of refraction, but with similar thermomechanical properties, was used to construct 21 layers of alternating refractive index surrounding a tough polymer core. Large directional photonic band gaps and high reflection efficiencies comparable to those of the best metallic reflectors were obtained. Potential applications of these fibers include woven fabrics for radiation barriers, spectral authentication of cloth, and filters for telecommunications.

Research paper thumbnail of Microwave Applications of Photonic Crystals

Progress In Electromagnetics Research, 2003

Abstract—We have demonstrated guiding and bending of electromag- netic (EM) waves in planar and c... more Abstract—We have demonstrated guiding and bending of electromag- netic (EM) waves in planar and coupled-cavity waveguides built around three-dimensional layer-by-layer photonic crystals. We observed full transmission of the EM waves through these waveguide structures. The dispersion relations obtained from the experiments were in good agree- ment with the predictions of our waveguide models. We also reported a resonant cavity enhanced

Research paper thumbnail of Tight-Binding Description of the Coupled Defect Modes in Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals

Physical Review Letters, 2000

We have experimentally observed the eigenmode splitting due to coupling of the evanescent defect ... more We have experimentally observed the eigenmode splitting due to coupling of the evanescent defect modes in three-dimensional photonic crystals. The splitting was well explained with a theory based on the classical wave analog of the tight-binding ( TB) formalism in solid state physics. The experimental results were used to extract the TB parameters. A new type of waveguiding in a photonic crystal was demonstrated experimentally. A complete transmission was achieved throughout the entire waveguiding band. We have also obtained the dispersion relation for the waveguiding band of the coupled periodic defects from the transmission-phase measurements and from the TB calculations.

Research paper thumbnail of Dielectric omnidirectional visible reflector

Optics Letters, 2001

We demonstrate the fabrication of an all-dielectric omnidirectional mirror for visible frequencie... more We demonstrate the fabrication of an all-dielectric omnidirectional mirror for visible frequencies. The dielectric ref lector consists of a stack of 19 alternating layers of tin (IV) sulfide and silica. Using a combination of thermal evaporation (for tin sulfide) and thick electron-beam evaporation (for silica), we have achieved a refractive-index contrast of 2.6͞1.46, one of the highest refractive-index contrasts demonstrated in one-dimensional photonic bandgap systems designed for the visible frequency range. The tin sulfide -silica material system developed allowed the formation of a broadband visible ref lector with an omnidirectional range greater than 10%. Possible applications of the system include efficient ref lectors, high-frequency waveguides for communications and power delivery, and high-Q cavities.

Research paper thumbnail of Exceptionally directional sources with photonic-bandgap crystals

Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 2001

Three-dimensional photonic-bandgap crystals are used to design and fabricate uniquely directional... more Three-dimensional photonic-bandgap crystals are used to design and fabricate uniquely directional sources and receivers. By utilizing the resonances of a Fabry-Perot cavity formed with photonic-bandgap crystals, we were able to create exceptionally directional sources by placing the sources within such a cavity. Very good agreement between finite-difference time-domain calculations and the experiment is obtained. Radiation patterns with half-power beam widths of less than 12 degrees were obtained.

Research paper thumbnail of Towards multimaterial multifunctional fibres that see, hear, sense and communicate

Research paper thumbnail of Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibres with large photonic bandgaps for CO2 laser transmission

Nature, 2002

Conventional solid-core optical fibres require highly transparent materials. Such materials have ... more Conventional solid-core optical fibres require highly transparent materials. Such materials have been difficult to identify owing to the fundamental limitations associated with the propagation of light through solids, such as absorption, scattering and nonlinear effects. Hollow optical fibres offer the potential to minimize the dependence of light transmission on fibre material transparency. Here we report on the design and drawing of a hollow optical fibre lined with an interior omnidirectional dielectric mirror. Confinement of light in the hollow core is provided by the large photonic bandgaps established by the multiple alternating submicrometre-thick layers of a high-refractive-index glass and a low-refractive-index polymer. The fundamental and high-order transmission windows are determined by the layer dimensions and can be scaled from 0.75 to 10.6 micro m in wavelength. Tens of metres of hollow photonic bandgap fibres for transmission of carbon dioxide laser light at 10.6 micro m wavelength were drawn. The transmission losses are found to be less than 1.0 dB m(-1), orders of magnitude lower than those of the intrinsic fibre material, thus demonstrating that low attenuation can be achieved through structural design rather than high-transparency material selection.