Shawn Burn - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Shawn Burn

Journal of Social Issues, 1989

This paper examines the role of ingroup biases in the distrust between the United States and the ... more This paper examines the role of ingroup biases in the distrust between the United States and the Soviet Union, and how such biases may undermine international relations. Findings from a questionnaire administered to American community college adults showed that U S. citizens favor their country over the Soviet Union and interpret government actions in ways that preserve their positive views of the United States and negative views of the USSR. Americans' perceptions of the Soviets were associated with the way they interpreted Soviet actions, and a negative interpretation of Soviet actions was related to policy support for the Strategic Defense Initiative and increased US. defense spending. Results also supported the "blacktop illusion' ' : a view of the other side's leadership as evil and coercive, and its people as controlled or manipulated by their government. Like many Americans, psychologists are increasingly concerned about the threat of nuclear war. While research on U.S.-Soviet relations is currently occurring at a record rate, this area of research is not a new one for social psychologists. For example, Bronfenbrenner (1961) noted that the Soviets' distorted picture of us was curiously similar to our distorted view of them but with a reversed valence. White (1969) suggested the term "blacktop illusion" to describe the view that both Americans and Soviets tend to hold of the other side's leadership as evil and coercive, and its people as controlled or manipulated by their government. This can serve to justify either side's negative actions as undertaken on behalf of a "silent majority."

The Cambridge Handbook of Psychology and Human Rights, 2020

Advances in Group Processes, 2007

... Katherine P. Luke and Lynn Verduzco-BakerSTATUS PROCESSES AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SELF-HAND... more ... Katherine P. Luke and Lynn Verduzco-BakerSTATUS PROCESSES AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SELF-HANDICAPPINGJeffrey W. Lucas, Heather Ridolfo, Reef Youngreen, Christabel Rogalin, Shane Soboroff, Layana Navarre-Jackson and Michael J. LovagliaWOMENÂ ...

Recycling has been touted as an important part of the solution to solid waste problems, yet most ... more Recycling has been touted as an important part of the solution to solid waste problems, yet most citizens still do not recycle, even when recycling is made easy by curbside pickups. This field experiment was designed to increase participation in a city-sponsored curbside recycling program. Citizens who consistently recycled with the city program were approached and asked to be "recycling block leaders. " Those who agreed were instructed to give approximately 10 nonrecycling neighbors a persuasive communication advocating recycling and special recycling bags. A second treatment group (of nonrecycling households) had bags and the communication left at their door. Results indicated that the curbside recycling of the two experimental groups differed significantly from one another (with the block leader group recycling more), and both differed significantly from a control group receiving no treatment. A discussion of past recycling intervention research and its feasibility for ...

Control has emerged as an important psychological variable. The purpose of this project was to ex... more Control has emerged as an important psychological variable. The purpose of this project was to extend the concept of environmental control to the homeless shelter environment. Data from interviews conducted with residents of a homeless shelter supported the hypothesis that perceived loss of control over the shelter environment would be positively related to giving up on finding a home and employment. The hypothesis that the helplessness created by low control environments is consistent with the external, stable attributional style of "universal " helplessness was partially supported. Suggestions for future research are provided. Changes in the shelter environment are recommended for the treatment of helplessness in the homeless though helplessness is expected to persist as long as poverty, expensive housing, and prejudice against the homeless make efforts and outcomes noncontingent. With an estimated 200,000 to three million homeless in the United States (Redburn & Buss, 1...

Journal of Forestry, 2010

Organizational "greening," or oper-ating in an environmentally sus-tainable manner, is ... more Organizational "greening," or oper-ating in an environmentally sus-tainable manner, is consistentwith the environmental stewardship missionof natural resource management organiza-tions. Sustainable operations (SO) includeimproving energy efficiency, water conser-vation, waste diversion/recycling, purchas-ing environmentally preferable products,and reducing transportation-related envi-ronmental impacts through fleet manage-ment (USDA 2007). Considerations of SOincorporate social and environmental im-pacts, as well as economic concerns (Newtonand Harte 1997, Etzion 2007).SO is a key concern of the US Depart-ment of Agriculture. Presidential ExecutiveOrder (E.O.) 13423 requires that . . Fed-eral agencies conduct their environmental,transportation, and energy-related activitiesunder the law in support of their respectivemissions in an environmentally, economi-cally, and fiscally sound . . . and sustainablemanner" (Office of the Federal Environ-mental Executive 2007). SO g...

This study is an application of social identity theory to feminist consciousness and activism. Fo... more This study is an application of social identity theory to feminist consciousness and activism. For women, strong gender identifications may enhance support for equality struggles, whereas for men, they may contribute to backlashes against feminism. University students (N � 276), primarily Euroamerican, completed a measure of gender self-esteem (GSE, that part of one's selfconcept derived from one's gender), and two measures of feminism. High GSE in women and low GSE in men were related to support for feminism. Consistent with past research, women were more supportive of feminism than men, and in both genders, support for feminist ideas was greater than self-identification as a feminist. For many feminists working as part of the American women's movement, feminism is an important group identity. For instance, members of the National Organization for Women generally identify themselves as femi nists. Negative stereotypes of feminism may threaten involvement in the women's movement. People may agree with goals of the movement, but may avoid labeling themselves as feminists for fear of being associated with this socially stigmatized label. This fear may interfere with the development of the group identification linked to collective action.

Sex Roles, 2008

Bystander intervention is a potentially potent tool in the primary prevention of sexual assault b... more Bystander intervention is a potentially potent tool in the primary prevention of sexual assault but more information is needed to guide prevention programs (Banyard 2008). Undergraduates (378 women and 210 men, primarily White) at a central coast California university completed an anonymous questionnaire measuring five barriers identified by the situational model of bystander intervention (Latane and Darley 1970) and bystander intervention behavior. As expected, the barriers were negatively correlated with intervention, were greater for men than for women, and intervention likelihood was affected by perceptions of victim worthiness, especially for men. Hypotheses predicting a positive relationship between having a relationship with the potential victim or perpetrator and intervention were supported. Implications for sexual assault bystander intervention programming are provided.

Psychology of Women Quarterly, 2005

This correlational study explores the hypothesis that religiosity and scriptural literalism (the ... more This correlational study explores the hypothesis that religiosity and scriptural literalism (the degree to which one interprets scriptures literally) are associated with sexism. Participants were female and male ( N = 504) university students who anonymously completed the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory ( Glick & Fiske, 1996 , 1997 , 2001a , 2001b ), the Scriptural Literalism Scale ( Hogge & Friedman, 1967 ), and the Religious Orientation Scale-Revised ( Gorsuch & McPherson, 1989 ). Intrinsic religiosity, extrinsic religiosity, and scriptural literalism were positively associated with benevolent, but not hostile, sexism. Intrinsic religiosity and scriptural literalism were positively related to the protective paternalism subscale, whereas extrinsic religiosity was related to the heterosexual intimacy, complementary gender differentiation, and protective paternalism subscales.

Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 2005

The Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI), intended as a counseling tool to examine masc... more The Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI), intended as a counseling tool to examine masculinity issues with male clients, assesses conformity to 12 components of the masculine role. In this study, participants (N ϭ 307) completed the CMNI and the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS). Men's conformity to traditional masculine norms was negatively associated with RAS scores for both men rating themselves and women rating their male partners on the CMNI. Men's conformity to masculine norms was more strongly associated with women's relationship satisfaction than with men's relationship satisfaction. Findings suggest the usefulness of the CMNI for helping counseling clients explore how men's conformity to specific masculine norms is connected to the quality of their romantic relationships.

Political Psychology, 1987