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Papers by Cédric Schneider
Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 2015
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Recent policy initiatives in the EU aim at supporting so-called Young Innovative Companies (YICs)... more Recent policy initiatives in the EU aim at supporting so-called Young Innovative Companies (YICs). This paper provides empirical evidence from German CIS data on the innovative performances of this specific type of firms, supporting why they matter. We first characterize YICs in the sample of innovation active firms. We show that firms that combine newness, smallness and high R&D intensity, are rare in the sample of innovative firms, but achieve significantly higher innovative sales than other innovative firms, especially innovative sales that are new to the market. Not surprisingly, YICs view financial constraints, both internal and external, as an important factor hampering their innovation activities, significantly more so than other innovation active firms. This access to finance problem is an often used motive for government intervention. In our German sample, subsidies schemes for innovation are general and not particularly targeted at YICs. We empirically assess the effectiveness of these public funding schemes. We find that these are not effective to increase the innovative sales of YICs, unlike the average innovative firm in our sample.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
y * This version of the article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review ... more y * This version of the article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the publisher's final version AKA Version of Record.
Managerial and Decision Economics, 2009
ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the choice between alternative sources of knowledge in patented inve... more ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the choice between alternative sources of knowledge in patented inventions. Inventors can use scientific and|or market-oriented sources of knowledge. We formally test whether these two types of knowledge acquisition are complementary or substitutable in the value of patented inventions. The results suggest that simultaneous exploitation of different knowledge inputs is 'subadditive' since inventors would have to manage assimilation and integration of disparate items of external knowledge stemming from distant technological contexts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
... In addition, applicants heterogeneity and patent citation measures are taken into account by ... more ... In addition, applicants heterogeneity and patent citation measures are taken into account by using a database linking patents, citations and firms data, where earlier work only studied the effect of patent%based variables. The ...
ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the choice between alternative sources of knowledge in patented inve... more ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the choice between alternative sources of knowledge in patented inventions. Inventors can use scientific and|or market-oriented sources of knowledge. We formally test whether these two types of knowledge acquisition are complementary or substitutable in the value of patented inventions. The results suggest that simultaneous exploitation of different knowledge inputs is 'subadditive' since inventors would have to manage assimilation and integration of disparate items of external knowledge stemming from distant technological contexts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This paper describes and analyzes the occurrence and extent of oppositions initiated against plan... more This paper describes and analyzes the occurrence and extent of oppositions initiated against plant biotechnology patents granted by the European Patent Office (EPO). The opposition mechanism is a legal procedure that allows any third party to challenge the validity of patents awarded by the EPO. Results indicate that the opposition rate is far greater in plant biotechnology than in other
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Patent pendencies create uncertainty in research and development (R&D) collaboration agreements, ... more Patent pendencies create uncertainty in research and development (R&D) collaboration agreements, resulting in a threat of expropriation of unprotected knowledge by potential partners, reduced bargaining power and enhanced search costs. In this paper, we show that -depending of the type of partner -uncertain intellectual property rights (IPR) lead to reduced collaboration between firms and may hinder the production of knowledge. This has implications for technology policy as R&D collaborations are exempt from anti-trust legislation in order to increase R&D in the economy. We argue that a functional IPR system is needed for successful utilization of this policy.
2012 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation & Technology (ICMIT), 2012
ABSTRACT Patent races are models of strategic interactions between firms competing to develop an ... more ABSTRACT Patent races are models of strategic interactions between firms competing to develop an invention. The winning firm secures a patent, protecting the invention from imitation. This paper tests the assumption made about the reward structure in patent races, both in discrete and complex industries. We identify patent race winners using detailed information from the patent examination reports at the European Patent Office (EPO). Estimates of a market value equation featuring large, R&D-intensive U.S., European and Japanese firms show that if firms win patent races, their market value increases significantly. We further show that the gain in market value is significantly larger for patent race winners in discrete industries than for firms in complex industries.
The Journal of Technology Transfer, 2012
... While in the US university inventions are generally owned by the university since the Bayh-Do... more ... While in the US university inventions are generally owned by the university since the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980, in most European countries they were owned by the academic inventors themselves until recently (Kilger and Bartenbach 2002; Verspagen 2006). ...
Journal of Financial Economics, 2013
Economics Letters, 2011
This study investigates whether standard patent measures for the importance and basicness of pate... more This study investigates whether standard patent measures for the importance and basicness of patents are able to distinguish between "wacky" patents and a control group of randomly drawn patents. Our findings show that forward citations are good predictors of importance. However, the "wacky" patents have higher originality, generality and average citation lags than the controls, which suggests that these indicators should be interpreted carefully.
Applied Economics Letters, 2011
... 507168 Cédric Schneider a * pages 865-871. ... When trying to assess the value of patents obt... more ... 507168 Cédric Schneider a * pages 865-871. ... When trying to assess the value of patents obtained by small inventors compared with corporate patents, the literature finds contradictory results.Allison et al. (20042. Allison, JR, Lemley, M., Moore, KA and Trunkey, D. 2004. ...
The knowledge produced by academic scientists has been identified as a potential key driver of te... more The knowledge produced by academic scientists has been identified as a potential key driver of technological progress. Recent policies in Europe aim at increasing commercially orientated activities in academe. Based on a sample of German scientists across all fields of science we investigate the importance of academic patenting. Our findings suggest that academic involvement in patenting results in greater knowledge
Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 2015
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Recent policy initiatives in the EU aim at supporting so-called Young Innovative Companies (YICs)... more Recent policy initiatives in the EU aim at supporting so-called Young Innovative Companies (YICs). This paper provides empirical evidence from German CIS data on the innovative performances of this specific type of firms, supporting why they matter. We first characterize YICs in the sample of innovation active firms. We show that firms that combine newness, smallness and high R&D intensity, are rare in the sample of innovative firms, but achieve significantly higher innovative sales than other innovative firms, especially innovative sales that are new to the market. Not surprisingly, YICs view financial constraints, both internal and external, as an important factor hampering their innovation activities, significantly more so than other innovation active firms. This access to finance problem is an often used motive for government intervention. In our German sample, subsidies schemes for innovation are general and not particularly targeted at YICs. We empirically assess the effectiveness of these public funding schemes. We find that these are not effective to increase the innovative sales of YICs, unlike the average innovative firm in our sample.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
y * This version of the article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review ... more y * This version of the article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the publisher's final version AKA Version of Record.
Managerial and Decision Economics, 2009
ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the choice between alternative sources of knowledge in patented inve... more ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the choice between alternative sources of knowledge in patented inventions. Inventors can use scientific and|or market-oriented sources of knowledge. We formally test whether these two types of knowledge acquisition are complementary or substitutable in the value of patented inventions. The results suggest that simultaneous exploitation of different knowledge inputs is 'subadditive' since inventors would have to manage assimilation and integration of disparate items of external knowledge stemming from distant technological contexts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
... In addition, applicants heterogeneity and patent citation measures are taken into account by ... more ... In addition, applicants heterogeneity and patent citation measures are taken into account by using a database linking patents, citations and firms data, where earlier work only studied the effect of patent%based variables. The ...
ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the choice between alternative sources of knowledge in patented inve... more ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the choice between alternative sources of knowledge in patented inventions. Inventors can use scientific and|or market-oriented sources of knowledge. We formally test whether these two types of knowledge acquisition are complementary or substitutable in the value of patented inventions. The results suggest that simultaneous exploitation of different knowledge inputs is 'subadditive' since inventors would have to manage assimilation and integration of disparate items of external knowledge stemming from distant technological contexts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This paper describes and analyzes the occurrence and extent of oppositions initiated against plan... more This paper describes and analyzes the occurrence and extent of oppositions initiated against plant biotechnology patents granted by the European Patent Office (EPO). The opposition mechanism is a legal procedure that allows any third party to challenge the validity of patents awarded by the EPO. Results indicate that the opposition rate is far greater in plant biotechnology than in other
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Patent pendencies create uncertainty in research and development (R&D) collaboration agreements, ... more Patent pendencies create uncertainty in research and development (R&D) collaboration agreements, resulting in a threat of expropriation of unprotected knowledge by potential partners, reduced bargaining power and enhanced search costs. In this paper, we show that -depending of the type of partner -uncertain intellectual property rights (IPR) lead to reduced collaboration between firms and may hinder the production of knowledge. This has implications for technology policy as R&D collaborations are exempt from anti-trust legislation in order to increase R&D in the economy. We argue that a functional IPR system is needed for successful utilization of this policy.
2012 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation & Technology (ICMIT), 2012
ABSTRACT Patent races are models of strategic interactions between firms competing to develop an ... more ABSTRACT Patent races are models of strategic interactions between firms competing to develop an invention. The winning firm secures a patent, protecting the invention from imitation. This paper tests the assumption made about the reward structure in patent races, both in discrete and complex industries. We identify patent race winners using detailed information from the patent examination reports at the European Patent Office (EPO). Estimates of a market value equation featuring large, R&D-intensive U.S., European and Japanese firms show that if firms win patent races, their market value increases significantly. We further show that the gain in market value is significantly larger for patent race winners in discrete industries than for firms in complex industries.
The Journal of Technology Transfer, 2012
... While in the US university inventions are generally owned by the university since the Bayh-Do... more ... While in the US university inventions are generally owned by the university since the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980, in most European countries they were owned by the academic inventors themselves until recently (Kilger and Bartenbach 2002; Verspagen 2006). ...
Journal of Financial Economics, 2013
Economics Letters, 2011
This study investigates whether standard patent measures for the importance and basicness of pate... more This study investigates whether standard patent measures for the importance and basicness of patents are able to distinguish between "wacky" patents and a control group of randomly drawn patents. Our findings show that forward citations are good predictors of importance. However, the "wacky" patents have higher originality, generality and average citation lags than the controls, which suggests that these indicators should be interpreted carefully.
Applied Economics Letters, 2011
... 507168 Cédric Schneider a * pages 865-871. ... When trying to assess the value of patents obt... more ... 507168 Cédric Schneider a * pages 865-871. ... When trying to assess the value of patents obtained by small inventors compared with corporate patents, the literature finds contradictory results.Allison et al. (20042. Allison, JR, Lemley, M., Moore, KA and Trunkey, D. 2004. ...
The knowledge produced by academic scientists has been identified as a potential key driver of te... more The knowledge produced by academic scientists has been identified as a potential key driver of technological progress. Recent policies in Europe aim at increasing commercially orientated activities in academe. Based on a sample of German scientists across all fields of science we investigate the importance of academic patenting. Our findings suggest that academic involvement in patenting results in greater knowledge