Caleb Carreño Gallardo - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Caleb Carreño Gallardo

Molecules, 2022

The effect of ZnO has already been studied for Portland cement, but the study of its impact on hy... more The effect of ZnO has already been studied for Portland cement, but the study of its impact on hybrid pastes is scarce. Thus, in this investigation, the influence of ZnO addition on hydration, compressive strength, microstructure, and structure of hybrid pastes is presented. The analyses were made by setting time tests, compressive strength tests, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis with differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results indicate that the setting time of the cements was delayed up to 39 min with additions of 3 wt% ZnO. Alternatively, the higher values of compressive strength were observed when 0.5 wt% ZnO was added to the cements for all curing days. In addition, no important differences in the microstructure of samples with different additions of ZnO were observed after 28 days of curing. It is expected that the use of ZnO contributes t...

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2018

Materials Science Forum, 2014

This study deals with the production of some Al-SiO2 composites and the evaluation of milling int... more This study deals with the production of some Al-SiO2 composites and the evaluation of milling intensity over the distribution of silica particles into the Al matrix. Samples for mechanical characterization were prepared from powders by compaction and sintering using a solid-state route complemented with mechanical milling. The mechanical response was modified as a direct function of the milling intensity, but an adverse effect was observed with prolonged milling times. Electron microscopy studies reveal a homogeneous dispersion of insoluble particles into the Al matrix, which is associated with the high grain refinement in the synthetized composites giving an important improvement on the composites strength. Also, the silica spheroidal structure is not altered nor destroyed (mechanically and/or chemically) during the composite synthesis.

Materials Science Forum, 2011

Al-based composites were fabricated by solid-state route and were characterized by optic and scan... more Al-based composites were fabricated by solid-state route and were characterized by optic and scanning electron microscopy in order to follow their microstructural evolution. Composites were prepared using powder metallurgy techniques in order to obtain samples to carry out mechanical tests on hot extruded and machined samples. Microstructural characterization reveals that, by milling, a homogeneous dispersion of insoluble particles into Al matrix is obtained; this produced an important improvement on hardness and strength compared with the reference. Milling intensity and particle concentration have an important effect on the mechanical properties of composites.

Although the dry ice method used to synthesize exfoliated graphite/graphene is little known and u... more Although the dry ice method used to synthesize exfoliated graphite/graphene is little known and used, it has significant advantages over others: it is low cost, simple, and a large quantity of material can be obtained using some inorganic and highly available acids (which can be reused). Despite the above advantages, the main reason for its incipient development is the resulting presence of magnesium oxide in the final product. In the present work, three different treatments were tested to remove this remnant using some acid chemical leaching processes. Based on the experimental evidence, it was found that using aqua regia, among other chemical mixtures, was the most efficient way of removing such as remnant, the residue being only 0.9 wt.%. A mandatory high-energy mechanical milling stage was necessary during this treatment, in order to expose and dissolve the highly insoluble oxide without secondary chemical reactions on the graphenes. The obtained surface area was 504 m2g-1; this...

In this work, the use of a rapid sintering process based on induction heating is presented. The g... more In this work, the use of a rapid sintering process based on induction heating is presented. The grain refined aluminum samples studied in this work were obtained by high-energy ball milling using pure aluminum powders. Due the high heating rate and low sintering time (minutes instead hours) caused by induction sintering, the sub-micrometric grain size of samples is preserved; which leads to an increase on the mechanical response of samples. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the sintering route on the mechanical performance of prepared samples. Microstructural characterization was developed through electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, while the mechanical response was measured through compressive and micro/macro hardness tests. Induction sintered samples showed a better mechanical response in comparison to the samples prepared by conventional sintering and a commercial alloy.

Aluminum (Al) composites have been applied in the automotive and aerospace industry [1] due their... more Aluminum (Al) composites have been applied in the automotive and aerospace industry [1] due their low density and high strength. These materials can be produced with oxides, carbides or nitrides dispersed in the metallic matrix by mechanical milling. Recent studies show an increment in mechanical properties with different reinforcing materials as nanotubes [2-4], graphenes [5] and carbon [6]. These additives induce different reinforcement levels, depending how do they interact with material dislocations [7]. Graphite (Gr), an allotropic form of carbon, is used as reinforcing additive because it is cheap, abundant and can be easily comminuted. D. Yadav et al. [8] added nickel (Ni) particles to an Al matrix by friction stir processing, finding that Ni helps to obtain grain refinement and increase the mechanical properties of the prepared composites.

1 Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industr... more 1 Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua C.P. 31109 Chihuahua, Chih. México 2 Universidad La Salle Chihuahua. Prolongación Lomas de Majalca No. 11201 Col. Labor de Terrazas C.P. 31020 Chihuahua, Chih. México. 3 Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Villahermosa, Tab., 86040, México. 4 de Investigación en Corrosión (CICORR), Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. A. Melgar s/n, Col. Buenavista, C.P. 24030 Campeche, Cam, Mexico. 5 Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. FIME Centro de Innovación e Investigación en Ingeniería Aeronáutica. Av. Universidad s/n. Ciudad Universitaria. San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México 6 Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos-CIICAp Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209-Cuernavaca Mor., México * E-mail: martinez.villafane@cimav.edu.mx

Materials Letters

Abstract Al-Li alloys with different lithium contents were processed by mechanical alloying and s... more Abstract Al-Li alloys with different lithium contents were processed by mechanical alloying and sintered by an alternative route based on induction heating to keep the refined microstructure achieved by milling after sintering. The mechanical and microstructural features of samples sintered by a conventional route and fast induction heating were evaluated. Optical and TEM studies showed higher densification and better-refined microstructure retention after sintering using induction heating. Increased values of yield strength and hardness were obtained in the induction sintered alloys due to the porosity reduction complemented with finer microstructure.

Microscopy and Microanalysis

Microscopy and Microanalysis

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

Here we present a geopolymer as a sustainable alternative for cements. The geopolymer binder is p... more Here we present a geopolymer as a sustainable alternative for cements. The geopolymer binder is presented in a dry form (dry mixing method). The geopolymer has demonstrated to be ideal candidate to mitigate the typical carbon footprint emissions of cements, such as Portland. The potential global benefits include a reduction of up to 1480 million tons of CO 2 per year when compare with Portland cement. In this design, it is proposed an alkaliactivated cementitious material that is made out of a mix of silica-rich sand and sodium carbonate. Such sand has 80-85 wt% SiO 2 and 15-20 wt% mixed rock grain. This composition is processed at temperatures around 850°C that is 650°C less than that for Portland cements. One of the benefits is that the use of limestone is eliminated resulting in such reductions in CO 2 emissions. The emission analysis is carried during a calcination process used to analyze the decarbonation or CO 2 emission step. This work presents a complementary characterization of the products including an infrared spectroscopy analysis and thermogravimetry.

Microscopy and Microanalysis

Microscopy and Microanalysis

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indi... more Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.

MRS Advances

Aluminum-Graphite composites were prepared from pure aluminum and natural graphite the mixture wa... more Aluminum-Graphite composites were prepared from pure aluminum and natural graphite the mixture was processed by the mechanical milling (MM) technique. The microstructural characteristics of prepared composites were investigated by X-rays diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical response of samples was evaluated by compression and hardness tests. To obtain solid samples from milled powders we used an alternative sintering process based on induction heating. Although this method is frequently used for refractory ceramics fabrication (>1500°C), it has not been properly evaluated for materials processing at low temperature (<500°C). This work presents a comparative study of Al-Gr composites sintered by using two routes: conventional pressure-less and high frequency induction heating. After the inductive sintering, is noticeable a pronounced reduction of porosity and increase on the mechanical response of induction sintered s...

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2013

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indi... more Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.

Molecules, 2022

The effect of ZnO has already been studied for Portland cement, but the study of its impact on hy... more The effect of ZnO has already been studied for Portland cement, but the study of its impact on hybrid pastes is scarce. Thus, in this investigation, the influence of ZnO addition on hydration, compressive strength, microstructure, and structure of hybrid pastes is presented. The analyses were made by setting time tests, compressive strength tests, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis with differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results indicate that the setting time of the cements was delayed up to 39 min with additions of 3 wt% ZnO. Alternatively, the higher values of compressive strength were observed when 0.5 wt% ZnO was added to the cements for all curing days. In addition, no important differences in the microstructure of samples with different additions of ZnO were observed after 28 days of curing. It is expected that the use of ZnO contributes t...

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2018

Materials Science Forum, 2014

This study deals with the production of some Al-SiO2 composites and the evaluation of milling int... more This study deals with the production of some Al-SiO2 composites and the evaluation of milling intensity over the distribution of silica particles into the Al matrix. Samples for mechanical characterization were prepared from powders by compaction and sintering using a solid-state route complemented with mechanical milling. The mechanical response was modified as a direct function of the milling intensity, but an adverse effect was observed with prolonged milling times. Electron microscopy studies reveal a homogeneous dispersion of insoluble particles into the Al matrix, which is associated with the high grain refinement in the synthetized composites giving an important improvement on the composites strength. Also, the silica spheroidal structure is not altered nor destroyed (mechanically and/or chemically) during the composite synthesis.

Materials Science Forum, 2011

Al-based composites were fabricated by solid-state route and were characterized by optic and scan... more Al-based composites were fabricated by solid-state route and were characterized by optic and scanning electron microscopy in order to follow their microstructural evolution. Composites were prepared using powder metallurgy techniques in order to obtain samples to carry out mechanical tests on hot extruded and machined samples. Microstructural characterization reveals that, by milling, a homogeneous dispersion of insoluble particles into Al matrix is obtained; this produced an important improvement on hardness and strength compared with the reference. Milling intensity and particle concentration have an important effect on the mechanical properties of composites.

Although the dry ice method used to synthesize exfoliated graphite/graphene is little known and u... more Although the dry ice method used to synthesize exfoliated graphite/graphene is little known and used, it has significant advantages over others: it is low cost, simple, and a large quantity of material can be obtained using some inorganic and highly available acids (which can be reused). Despite the above advantages, the main reason for its incipient development is the resulting presence of magnesium oxide in the final product. In the present work, three different treatments were tested to remove this remnant using some acid chemical leaching processes. Based on the experimental evidence, it was found that using aqua regia, among other chemical mixtures, was the most efficient way of removing such as remnant, the residue being only 0.9 wt.%. A mandatory high-energy mechanical milling stage was necessary during this treatment, in order to expose and dissolve the highly insoluble oxide without secondary chemical reactions on the graphenes. The obtained surface area was 504 m2g-1; this...

In this work, the use of a rapid sintering process based on induction heating is presented. The g... more In this work, the use of a rapid sintering process based on induction heating is presented. The grain refined aluminum samples studied in this work were obtained by high-energy ball milling using pure aluminum powders. Due the high heating rate and low sintering time (minutes instead hours) caused by induction sintering, the sub-micrometric grain size of samples is preserved; which leads to an increase on the mechanical response of samples. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the sintering route on the mechanical performance of prepared samples. Microstructural characterization was developed through electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, while the mechanical response was measured through compressive and micro/macro hardness tests. Induction sintered samples showed a better mechanical response in comparison to the samples prepared by conventional sintering and a commercial alloy.

Aluminum (Al) composites have been applied in the automotive and aerospace industry [1] due their... more Aluminum (Al) composites have been applied in the automotive and aerospace industry [1] due their low density and high strength. These materials can be produced with oxides, carbides or nitrides dispersed in the metallic matrix by mechanical milling. Recent studies show an increment in mechanical properties with different reinforcing materials as nanotubes [2-4], graphenes [5] and carbon [6]. These additives induce different reinforcement levels, depending how do they interact with material dislocations [7]. Graphite (Gr), an allotropic form of carbon, is used as reinforcing additive because it is cheap, abundant and can be easily comminuted. D. Yadav et al. [8] added nickel (Ni) particles to an Al matrix by friction stir processing, finding that Ni helps to obtain grain refinement and increase the mechanical properties of the prepared composites.

1 Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industr... more 1 Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua C.P. 31109 Chihuahua, Chih. México 2 Universidad La Salle Chihuahua. Prolongación Lomas de Majalca No. 11201 Col. Labor de Terrazas C.P. 31020 Chihuahua, Chih. México. 3 Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Villahermosa, Tab., 86040, México. 4 de Investigación en Corrosión (CICORR), Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. A. Melgar s/n, Col. Buenavista, C.P. 24030 Campeche, Cam, Mexico. 5 Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. FIME Centro de Innovación e Investigación en Ingeniería Aeronáutica. Av. Universidad s/n. Ciudad Universitaria. San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México 6 Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos-CIICAp Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209-Cuernavaca Mor., México * E-mail: martinez.villafane@cimav.edu.mx

Materials Letters

Abstract Al-Li alloys with different lithium contents were processed by mechanical alloying and s... more Abstract Al-Li alloys with different lithium contents were processed by mechanical alloying and sintered by an alternative route based on induction heating to keep the refined microstructure achieved by milling after sintering. The mechanical and microstructural features of samples sintered by a conventional route and fast induction heating were evaluated. Optical and TEM studies showed higher densification and better-refined microstructure retention after sintering using induction heating. Increased values of yield strength and hardness were obtained in the induction sintered alloys due to the porosity reduction complemented with finer microstructure.

Microscopy and Microanalysis

Microscopy and Microanalysis

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

Here we present a geopolymer as a sustainable alternative for cements. The geopolymer binder is p... more Here we present a geopolymer as a sustainable alternative for cements. The geopolymer binder is presented in a dry form (dry mixing method). The geopolymer has demonstrated to be ideal candidate to mitigate the typical carbon footprint emissions of cements, such as Portland. The potential global benefits include a reduction of up to 1480 million tons of CO 2 per year when compare with Portland cement. In this design, it is proposed an alkaliactivated cementitious material that is made out of a mix of silica-rich sand and sodium carbonate. Such sand has 80-85 wt% SiO 2 and 15-20 wt% mixed rock grain. This composition is processed at temperatures around 850°C that is 650°C less than that for Portland cements. One of the benefits is that the use of limestone is eliminated resulting in such reductions in CO 2 emissions. The emission analysis is carried during a calcination process used to analyze the decarbonation or CO 2 emission step. This work presents a complementary characterization of the products including an infrared spectroscopy analysis and thermogravimetry.

Microscopy and Microanalysis

Microscopy and Microanalysis

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indi... more Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.

MRS Advances

Aluminum-Graphite composites were prepared from pure aluminum and natural graphite the mixture wa... more Aluminum-Graphite composites were prepared from pure aluminum and natural graphite the mixture was processed by the mechanical milling (MM) technique. The microstructural characteristics of prepared composites were investigated by X-rays diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical response of samples was evaluated by compression and hardness tests. To obtain solid samples from milled powders we used an alternative sintering process based on induction heating. Although this method is frequently used for refractory ceramics fabrication (>1500°C), it has not been properly evaluated for materials processing at low temperature (<500°C). This work presents a comparative study of Al-Gr composites sintered by using two routes: conventional pressure-less and high frequency induction heating. After the inductive sintering, is noticeable a pronounced reduction of porosity and increase on the mechanical response of induction sintered s...

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2013

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indi... more Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.