C. Crisosto - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by C. Crisosto
Plant Science, 2015
During ripening fruits undergo several physiological and biochemical modifications that influence... more During ripening fruits undergo several physiological and biochemical modifications that influence quality-related properties, such as texture, color, aroma and taste. We studied the differences in ethylene and sugar metabolism between two genetically related Japanese plum cultivars with contrasting ripening behaviors. 'Santa Rosa' (SR) behaved as a typical climacteric fruit, while the bud sport mutant 'Sweet Miriam' (SM) displayed a non-climacteric ripening pattern. SM fruit displayed a delayed ripening that lasted 120 days longer than that of the climacteric fruit. At the full-ripe stage, both cultivars reached similar final size and weight but the non-climacteric fruits were firmer than the climacteric fruits. Fully ripe non-climacteric plum fruits, showed an accumulation of sorbitol that was 2.5 times higher than that of climacteric fruits, and the increase in sorbitol were also paralleled to an increase in sucrose catabolism. These changes were highly correlated with decreased activity and expression of NAD +-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase and sorbitol oxidase and increased sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, suggesting an enhanced sorbitol synthesis in non-climacteric fruits.
HortScience, 2007
The genus Ficus includes species ranging in number from 600 to more than 1900, with most found in... more The genus Ficus includes species ranging in number from 600 to more than 1900, with most found in the tropics or subtropics and only a handful with fruits considered edible (reviewed in Condit, 1969). The cultivated fig, Ficus carica L., (Moraceae), is clearly of greatest importance as a source of human food. The fig fruit has long been associated with horticulture in the Mediterranean region (Zohary and Spiegel-Roy, 1975) and is considered to have been ''first brought into cultivation in southern Arabia'' (Storey, 1975). Wild or ''nearly wild'' figs are reported throughout much of the Middle East and Mediterranean region (De Candolle, 1886). Cultivated figs are reported to have become established across the Mediterranean region 6000 years ago, reaching England by 500 CE (Ferguson et al., 1990). Interestingly, the fossil record shows a prehistoric distribution of Ficus carica across southern Europe (De Candolle, 1886).
Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2012
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to construct an integrated SNP linkage map of pe... more Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to construct an integrated SNP linkage map of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). A set of 1,536 SNPs were evaluated with the GoldenGate® Genotyping assay in two mapping populations, Pop-DF, and Pop-DG. After genotyping and filtering, a final set of 1,400 high quality SNPs in Pop-DF and 962 in Pop-DG with full map coverage were selected and used to construct two linkage maps with Join-Map®4.0. The Pop-DF map covered 422 cM of the peach genome and included 1,037 SNP markers, and Pop-DG map covered 369 cM and included 738 SNPs. A consensus map was constructed with 588 SNP markers placed in eight linkage groups (n08 for peach), with map coverage of 454 cM and an average distance of 0.81 cM/marker site. Placements of SNPs on the "peach v1.0" physical map were compared to placement on the linkage maps and several differences were observed. Using the SNP linkage map of Pop-DG and phenotypic data collected for three harvest seasons, a QTL analysis for fruit quality traits and chilling injury symptoms was carried out with the mapped SNPs. Significant QTL effects were detected for mealiness (M) and flesh bleeding (FBL) QTLs on linkage group 4 and flesh browning (FBr) on linkage group 5. This study represents one of the first examples of QTL detection for quality traits and chilling injury symptoms using a high-density SNP map in a single peach F1 family.
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2011
A peach-to-nectarine mutant 'Yuval', a white, melting-flesh, cling-stone fruit was compared over ... more A peach-to-nectarine mutant 'Yuval', a white, melting-flesh, cling-stone fruit was compared over three seasons with its peach progenitor 'Oded', an early season cultivar, to study ripening and storage characteristics. Twenty-four genome-spanning single sequence repeats markers showed the identity of the peach with its nectarine mutant at the DNA level. There was no difference in cell size at harvest between the 'Oded' peach and 'Yuval' nectarine, although 'Oded' peach was 24% larger by weight than 'Yuval'. The 'Oded' peaches were also less acidic, and had less soluble solids than the 'Yuval' nectarine at harvest. Fruit were stored at two temperatures, 5 • C and 0 • C. Softening was faster in the fruit of both cultivars stored at 5 • C than 0 • C. At 3 d ripening at 20 • C after cold storage, there was more expressible juice at 5 • C than 0 • C in the fruit of both cultivars. 'Oded' peaches developed internal browning and woolliness at 3 d ripening at 20 • C after 5 and 7 weeks 5 • C storage, and had lower expressible juice than 'Yuval' nectarines. Cold storage at 0 • C plus ripening reduced flesh browning, woolly texture and flesh bleeding incidence in 'Oded' fruit compared to ripening after storage at 5 • C. Flesh browning and woolly texture incidence was lower in the 'Yuval' nectarines than 'Oded' peaches. Overall, the data suggest that 'Oded' and 'Yuval' are genetically similar and 'Yuval' conserves several fruit and ripening characteristics that usually come with peach-to-nectarine mutations. Furthermore, 'Yuval' nectarine is comparatively more resistant to chilling injury (flesh browning and woolly texture) than 'Oded' peach after prolonged storage.
Euphytica, 2011
Chilling injury (CI) is a major physiological problem limiting consumption and export of peach an... more Chilling injury (CI) is a major physiological problem limiting consumption and export of peach and nectarine (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). To clarify the genetic basis for chilling injury, inheritance of the major CI symptoms mealiness, flesh browning, flesh bleeding, and flesh leatheriness were examined over three years in two related peach progenies. In addition, genetic relationships among traits and the year-to-year variation in trait performance in these progenies were tracked. Both populations also segregated for Freestone-Melting flesh (F-M) and yellow flesh. There were significant differences in CI symptoms among years. The major gene endoPG, which controls the F-M locus, provides resistance to mealiness in nonmelting flesh fruit. Only fruit with melting flesh can develop mealiness if the tree possesses other genetic susceptibility factors and/or experiences inducing conditions. The F-M locus also greatly influences susceptibility to flesh bleeding, although the physiological mechanism for this disorder is unclear and may be controlled by a different gene closely linked to endoPG. Unlike mealiness, flesh bleeding occurred primarily in non-melting flesh fruit, particularly when the fruit is white-fleshed. Flesh browning incidence was greater in mealy fruit and was not associated with flesh bleeding. Breeding for CI resistance is thus a viable long-term strategy to reduce losses in the fresh and processed peach and nectarine industries. This study is an important first step to understanding genetic control of CI symptoms in peach.
California Agriculture, 1999
'Elegant Lady' peach on the right shows symptoms of CI (internal browning), in comparison with th... more 'Elegant Lady' peach on the right shows symptoms of CI (internal browning), in comparison with the healthy fruit on the left. 4 Gas mixing board with micrometering valves used to prepare different carbon dioxide and oxygen combinations.
Acta Horticulturae, 2016
The performance of fresh cut figs was evaluated for two cultivars at two stages of ripeness (comm... more The performance of fresh cut figs was evaluated for two cultivars at two stages of ripeness (commercial and full ripe). Texture, but not external color, was a consistent indicator of ripeness. Fresh cut figs (maroon skin 'Brown Turkey' and yellow green skin 'Sierra' cultivars) were prepared from sanitized fruit halved with a stainless steel knife, and stored in plastic clamshells in air at 0 or 5°C or controlled atmospheres (3% O2 + 6, 12 or 18% CO2) at 5°C. Cut pieces retained excellent quality for 6 days under all conditions. After 9 and 12 days, best quality was obtained in air at 0°C and in CA at 5°C with 12 or 18% CO2, but these atmospheres did result in increased ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations. Sugars decreased during storage in 'Brown Turkey' but not in 'Sierra' fruit and were different between ripeness stages. Respiration rates of fresh cut figs were similar to those of intact fruits (4 7 and 8 10 μL CO2 g 1 h 1 at 0 and 5°C, respectively). Ethylene production was similar between ripeness stages, but different between cultivars. Loss of visual quality was not associated with discoloration but with microbial growth on the cut surfaces similar to that on the external surface of intact fruits. This was due mostly to molds and CO2 atmospheres retarded fungal growth. Temperature control was much more important than controlled atmospheres for fresh cut fig shelf life. Shelf life was little affected by ripeness stage but full ripe fruit had higher sugar content. Figs performed well as fresh cut fruit and could add flavor and diversity to cut fruit trays.
Acta Horticulturae, 2003
The tree fruit industry needs sensors to measure internal fruit properties nondestructively. A pr... more The tree fruit industry needs sensors to measure internal fruit properties nondestructively. A prototype optical sensor based on light emitting diodes was used in this work to characterize flesh color. A commercial nondestructive impact sensor ('Sinclair Internal Quality Firmness Tester'; SIQ-FT, Sinclair Systems International, LLC, Fresno, CA) was also used to measure firmness of the samples, and its relation with the standard penetrometer was studied. Several cultivars of melting flesh peaches, nectarines, and plums were measured throughout the harvesting season in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Correlation coefficients were high for the relationship between penetrometer vs. Sinclair in all cases. Further study should be carried out in the case of the flesh color sensor.
Peach and cherry are the two Prunus stone fruit crops that are currently targeted in RosBREED for... more Peach and cherry are the two Prunus stone fruit crops that are currently targeted in RosBREED for the adoption of marker-assisted breeding. Peach serves as a well resourced model fruit crop while cherry stands to directly benefit from research advances in its relative. Three “jewels in the genome” for peach and cherry are the current targets for application in breeding. Peach breeders select cultivar candidates that meet their criteria for fruit texture (melting vs. non-melting flesh) and pit adherence to the flesh (clingstone vs. freestone). These phenotypes are explained by genes at the Freestone-Melting flesh locus on peach chromosome 4 that contains the endoPG gene (a gene encoding a cell wall pectin-cleaving enzyme called endopolygalactouronase that plays a major role in fruit softening). Genetic tests are available for the functional alleles that can be used to predict whether peach fruit will be freestone melting flesh (FMF), clingstone melting flesh (CMF), clingstone non-mel...
Non-deslructive firmness sensors have recently become available for packers and fruí handlers alt... more Non-deslructive firmness sensors have recently become available for packers and fruí handlers although they derrand more ¡nforrratbn on their performance and reliability. A corrmerdal sensor based on low rrass irrpact has been tested on kiwifruit. Correlatton betweer the firrmess Índex given by the device and Magness-Taybr foro» was low (r 3 = 0.594). Classiftoatbns modeled with dbcrirrinant analysls showed that it Is feasible to sort samples Into two firnness groups (96 to 91%), but dassiflcatbn into three dasses yields lower scores.
The combined effect of sulfur dioxide (SO 2) fumigation and different carbon dioxide (CO 2)-enric... more The combined effect of sulfur dioxide (SO 2) fumigation and different carbon dioxide (CO 2)-enriched atmospheres (3% O 2 + 3, 6, 12, or 24% CO 2) on quality attributes, postharvest decay, phytochemical content, and antioxidant capacity of eight fresh blueberry cultivars (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) was determined. The SO 2 treatments did not harm berry quality, but did significantly reduce decay incidence, especially when it was followed by storage in elevated CO 2 atmospheres (>6%). However, very high CO 2 atmospheres (24%) induced fruit softening and 'off-flavors'. Botrytis and Alternaria spp. were the dominant fungal pathogens causing decay of blueberries during storage, but differences in the species of decay microorganisms were found among cultivars. Postharvest strategies that included SO 2 fumigation and/or enriched CO 2 atmospheres did not negatively affect phytochemical content or antioxidant activity of the fruit; however, the polyphenolic content and total antioxidant activity varied greatly among cultivars. Overall, SO 2 fumigation followed by controlled atmosphere storage (3% O 2 + 6 or 12% CO 2) is a promising postharvest strategy for fresh blueberries to reduce decay, extend market life, and maintain high nutritional value.
Plant Science, 2014
Ozone treatments are used to preserve quality during cold storage of commercially important fruit... more Ozone treatments are used to preserve quality during cold storage of commercially important fruits due to its ethylene oxidizing capacity and its antimicrobial attributes. To address whether or not ozone also modulates ripening by directly affecting fruit physiology, kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward') were stored in very low ethylene atmosphere at 0 • C (95% RH) in air (control) or in the presence of ozone (0.3 L L −1) for 2 or 4 months and subsequently ripened at 20 • C (90% RH) for up to 8 d. Ozone-treated kiwifruit showed a significant delay of ripening during maintenance at 20 • C, accompanied by a marked decrease in ethylene biosynthesis due to inhibited AdACS1 and AdACO1 expression and reduced ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) enzyme activity. Furthermore, ozone-treated fruit exhibited a marked reduction in flesh softening and cell wall disassembly. This effect was associated with reduced cell wall swelling and pectin and neutral sugar solubilization and was correlated with the inhibition of cell wall degrading enzymes activity, such as polygalacturonase (PG) and endo-1,4--glucanase/1,4-glucosidase (EGase/glu). Conclusively, the present study indicated that ozone may exert major residual effects in fruit ripening physiology and suggested that ethylene biosynthesis and cell walls turnover are specifically targeted by ozone.
Fruit Breeding, 2011
Hundreds of fruit species with commercial potential are currently in a status of low economic imp... more Hundreds of fruit species with commercial potential are currently in a status of low economic importance. Some, such as quince, pomegranate, and fi gs, have been cultivated for thousands of years. Others have only been locally collected and consumed from wild populations of the fruit. The development of these underappreciated crops depends on a range of factors including the cultivation limitations, yields, uses of the fruit, and marketing potential. Although initially many crops are developed using selections from the wild, as they are developed, breeding programs work toward improving the crop for both production and quality. This chapter examines nine emerging crops chosen among hundreds of potential crops
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 1992
The journal is devoted exclusively to the publication of original papers and review articles on b... more The journal is devoted exclusively to the publication of original papers and review articles on biological and technological research in the areas of postharvest storage, treatment, quality evaluation, packaging, handling and distribution of agronomic (including forage) and horticultural crops. Articles on the postharvest treatment of fresh product as affecting the quality of processed product will be included, but articles on food processing will not be considered for the journal. Papers based on interdisciplinary research will be encouraged. These disciplines include ecology, entomology, plant physiology, plant pathology, molecular biology, chemistry, engineering, technology and economics.
Plant Physiology, 1992
Genotypic variability in vulnerability of leaf xylem to waterstress-induced cavitation was determ... more Genotypic variability in vulnerability of leaf xylem to waterstress-induced cavitation was determined in four sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) clones using detached leaf segments in a hydraulic conductivity apparatus. Vulnerability curves were constructed by plotting the percentage of maximum conductivity versus leaf water potential (A,) and fitting curves using a Weibull function. The 4, at which each clone lost 10, 50, and 80% of maximum conductivity was determined. Maximum conductivity per unit of leaf width was positively associated with metaxylem vessel diameter. The commercial clone H65-7052 exhibited the highest and the nondomesticated S. spontaneum exhibited the lowest conductivity. All four clones lost substantial conductivity at values of 4, less negative than-1.4 MPa, but H65-7052 was able to maintain 50% conductivity to lower 4, than the other clones. S. spontaneum sustained the most negative 4, (-1.99 MPa) before reaching the 80% conductivity loss point. Clone H69-8235 was consistently the most vulnerable to initial loss of conductivity. These vulnerability functions were used in conjunction with field measurements of 4, to estimate diurnal losses in leaf hydraulic conductivity under irrigated and droughted conditions. H69-8235 lost up to 50% of its conductivity during the day, even when well irrigated, and more than 80% when subjected to drought. The other clones exhibited lower conductivity losses. These losses are apparently reversed overnight by root pressure. Despite their close genetic relationships, these clones exhibited large differences in conductivity, in the vulnerability of their xylem to cavitation, and in gas exchange behavior. The potential for altering water relations by selecting for particular hydraulic characteristics is discussed.
Molecular Breeding, 2005
Peach fruit are handled, processed, and marketed according to their stone adhesion and fruit soft... more Peach fruit are handled, processed, and marketed according to their stone adhesion and fruit softening type. Uncertainty exists over whether these simply inherited traits are controlled by two linked loci, Freestone (F) and Melting flesh (M) or one multi-allelic locus, and whether M is controlled by the cell wall degrading enzyme, endopolygalacturonase. From morphological and molecular analysis of two related segregating populations of peach, we conclude that a single locus containing at least one gene for endopolygalacturonase, controls both F and M with at least three effective alleles. A simple diagnostic PCR test is now available for the three major phenotypes of freestone melting flesh (FMF), clingstone melting flesh (CMF), and clingstone non-melting flesh (CNMF).
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2008
BACKGROUND: Flesh reddening has been described as one of the manifestations of plum fruits to low... more BACKGROUND: Flesh reddening has been described as one of the manifestations of plum fruits to lowtemperature storage for prolonged periods. The influence of factors such as ethylene and delayed storage has not been studied to date. In order to assess that, plum cv. 'Royal Diamond' fruits were (a) stored at 5 • C (control), (b) held at 20 • C for 2 days before storage at 5 • C (delayed storage) or (c) maintained at 5 • C under 15 µL L −1 ethylene. Fruits were then transferred to 20 • C and ethylene, respiration, weight loss, firmness, soluble solids content, acidity, flesh reddening, anthocyanin accumulation and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity were determined. RESULTS: Delayed storage fruits showed more extensive flesh reddening than control fruits, with increased PAL activity and higher anthocyanin accumulation. Symptoms were expressed more markedly when fruits were stored at 5 • C in ethylene. CONCLUSION: Results indicated that the fruit ripening stage is a critical factor determining the susceptibility of 'Royal Diamond' plums to flesh reddening. Fruits continuously exposed to ethylene showed a dramatic increase in reddening, suggesting that ethylene contributes to the development of the disorder.
Plant Science, 2015
During ripening fruits undergo several physiological and biochemical modifications that influence... more During ripening fruits undergo several physiological and biochemical modifications that influence quality-related properties, such as texture, color, aroma and taste. We studied the differences in ethylene and sugar metabolism between two genetically related Japanese plum cultivars with contrasting ripening behaviors. 'Santa Rosa' (SR) behaved as a typical climacteric fruit, while the bud sport mutant 'Sweet Miriam' (SM) displayed a non-climacteric ripening pattern. SM fruit displayed a delayed ripening that lasted 120 days longer than that of the climacteric fruit. At the full-ripe stage, both cultivars reached similar final size and weight but the non-climacteric fruits were firmer than the climacteric fruits. Fully ripe non-climacteric plum fruits, showed an accumulation of sorbitol that was 2.5 times higher than that of climacteric fruits, and the increase in sorbitol were also paralleled to an increase in sucrose catabolism. These changes were highly correlated with decreased activity and expression of NAD +-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase and sorbitol oxidase and increased sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, suggesting an enhanced sorbitol synthesis in non-climacteric fruits.
HortScience, 2007
The genus Ficus includes species ranging in number from 600 to more than 1900, with most found in... more The genus Ficus includes species ranging in number from 600 to more than 1900, with most found in the tropics or subtropics and only a handful with fruits considered edible (reviewed in Condit, 1969). The cultivated fig, Ficus carica L., (Moraceae), is clearly of greatest importance as a source of human food. The fig fruit has long been associated with horticulture in the Mediterranean region (Zohary and Spiegel-Roy, 1975) and is considered to have been ''first brought into cultivation in southern Arabia'' (Storey, 1975). Wild or ''nearly wild'' figs are reported throughout much of the Middle East and Mediterranean region (De Candolle, 1886). Cultivated figs are reported to have become established across the Mediterranean region 6000 years ago, reaching England by 500 CE (Ferguson et al., 1990). Interestingly, the fossil record shows a prehistoric distribution of Ficus carica across southern Europe (De Candolle, 1886).
Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2012
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to construct an integrated SNP linkage map of pe... more Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to construct an integrated SNP linkage map of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). A set of 1,536 SNPs were evaluated with the GoldenGate® Genotyping assay in two mapping populations, Pop-DF, and Pop-DG. After genotyping and filtering, a final set of 1,400 high quality SNPs in Pop-DF and 962 in Pop-DG with full map coverage were selected and used to construct two linkage maps with Join-Map®4.0. The Pop-DF map covered 422 cM of the peach genome and included 1,037 SNP markers, and Pop-DG map covered 369 cM and included 738 SNPs. A consensus map was constructed with 588 SNP markers placed in eight linkage groups (n08 for peach), with map coverage of 454 cM and an average distance of 0.81 cM/marker site. Placements of SNPs on the "peach v1.0" physical map were compared to placement on the linkage maps and several differences were observed. Using the SNP linkage map of Pop-DG and phenotypic data collected for three harvest seasons, a QTL analysis for fruit quality traits and chilling injury symptoms was carried out with the mapped SNPs. Significant QTL effects were detected for mealiness (M) and flesh bleeding (FBL) QTLs on linkage group 4 and flesh browning (FBr) on linkage group 5. This study represents one of the first examples of QTL detection for quality traits and chilling injury symptoms using a high-density SNP map in a single peach F1 family.
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2011
A peach-to-nectarine mutant 'Yuval', a white, melting-flesh, cling-stone fruit was compared over ... more A peach-to-nectarine mutant 'Yuval', a white, melting-flesh, cling-stone fruit was compared over three seasons with its peach progenitor 'Oded', an early season cultivar, to study ripening and storage characteristics. Twenty-four genome-spanning single sequence repeats markers showed the identity of the peach with its nectarine mutant at the DNA level. There was no difference in cell size at harvest between the 'Oded' peach and 'Yuval' nectarine, although 'Oded' peach was 24% larger by weight than 'Yuval'. The 'Oded' peaches were also less acidic, and had less soluble solids than the 'Yuval' nectarine at harvest. Fruit were stored at two temperatures, 5 • C and 0 • C. Softening was faster in the fruit of both cultivars stored at 5 • C than 0 • C. At 3 d ripening at 20 • C after cold storage, there was more expressible juice at 5 • C than 0 • C in the fruit of both cultivars. 'Oded' peaches developed internal browning and woolliness at 3 d ripening at 20 • C after 5 and 7 weeks 5 • C storage, and had lower expressible juice than 'Yuval' nectarines. Cold storage at 0 • C plus ripening reduced flesh browning, woolly texture and flesh bleeding incidence in 'Oded' fruit compared to ripening after storage at 5 • C. Flesh browning and woolly texture incidence was lower in the 'Yuval' nectarines than 'Oded' peaches. Overall, the data suggest that 'Oded' and 'Yuval' are genetically similar and 'Yuval' conserves several fruit and ripening characteristics that usually come with peach-to-nectarine mutations. Furthermore, 'Yuval' nectarine is comparatively more resistant to chilling injury (flesh browning and woolly texture) than 'Oded' peach after prolonged storage.
Euphytica, 2011
Chilling injury (CI) is a major physiological problem limiting consumption and export of peach an... more Chilling injury (CI) is a major physiological problem limiting consumption and export of peach and nectarine (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). To clarify the genetic basis for chilling injury, inheritance of the major CI symptoms mealiness, flesh browning, flesh bleeding, and flesh leatheriness were examined over three years in two related peach progenies. In addition, genetic relationships among traits and the year-to-year variation in trait performance in these progenies were tracked. Both populations also segregated for Freestone-Melting flesh (F-M) and yellow flesh. There were significant differences in CI symptoms among years. The major gene endoPG, which controls the F-M locus, provides resistance to mealiness in nonmelting flesh fruit. Only fruit with melting flesh can develop mealiness if the tree possesses other genetic susceptibility factors and/or experiences inducing conditions. The F-M locus also greatly influences susceptibility to flesh bleeding, although the physiological mechanism for this disorder is unclear and may be controlled by a different gene closely linked to endoPG. Unlike mealiness, flesh bleeding occurred primarily in non-melting flesh fruit, particularly when the fruit is white-fleshed. Flesh browning incidence was greater in mealy fruit and was not associated with flesh bleeding. Breeding for CI resistance is thus a viable long-term strategy to reduce losses in the fresh and processed peach and nectarine industries. This study is an important first step to understanding genetic control of CI symptoms in peach.
California Agriculture, 1999
'Elegant Lady' peach on the right shows symptoms of CI (internal browning), in comparison with th... more 'Elegant Lady' peach on the right shows symptoms of CI (internal browning), in comparison with the healthy fruit on the left. 4 Gas mixing board with micrometering valves used to prepare different carbon dioxide and oxygen combinations.
Acta Horticulturae, 2016
The performance of fresh cut figs was evaluated for two cultivars at two stages of ripeness (comm... more The performance of fresh cut figs was evaluated for two cultivars at two stages of ripeness (commercial and full ripe). Texture, but not external color, was a consistent indicator of ripeness. Fresh cut figs (maroon skin 'Brown Turkey' and yellow green skin 'Sierra' cultivars) were prepared from sanitized fruit halved with a stainless steel knife, and stored in plastic clamshells in air at 0 or 5°C or controlled atmospheres (3% O2 + 6, 12 or 18% CO2) at 5°C. Cut pieces retained excellent quality for 6 days under all conditions. After 9 and 12 days, best quality was obtained in air at 0°C and in CA at 5°C with 12 or 18% CO2, but these atmospheres did result in increased ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations. Sugars decreased during storage in 'Brown Turkey' but not in 'Sierra' fruit and were different between ripeness stages. Respiration rates of fresh cut figs were similar to those of intact fruits (4 7 and 8 10 μL CO2 g 1 h 1 at 0 and 5°C, respectively). Ethylene production was similar between ripeness stages, but different between cultivars. Loss of visual quality was not associated with discoloration but with microbial growth on the cut surfaces similar to that on the external surface of intact fruits. This was due mostly to molds and CO2 atmospheres retarded fungal growth. Temperature control was much more important than controlled atmospheres for fresh cut fig shelf life. Shelf life was little affected by ripeness stage but full ripe fruit had higher sugar content. Figs performed well as fresh cut fruit and could add flavor and diversity to cut fruit trays.
Acta Horticulturae, 2003
The tree fruit industry needs sensors to measure internal fruit properties nondestructively. A pr... more The tree fruit industry needs sensors to measure internal fruit properties nondestructively. A prototype optical sensor based on light emitting diodes was used in this work to characterize flesh color. A commercial nondestructive impact sensor ('Sinclair Internal Quality Firmness Tester'; SIQ-FT, Sinclair Systems International, LLC, Fresno, CA) was also used to measure firmness of the samples, and its relation with the standard penetrometer was studied. Several cultivars of melting flesh peaches, nectarines, and plums were measured throughout the harvesting season in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Correlation coefficients were high for the relationship between penetrometer vs. Sinclair in all cases. Further study should be carried out in the case of the flesh color sensor.
Peach and cherry are the two Prunus stone fruit crops that are currently targeted in RosBREED for... more Peach and cherry are the two Prunus stone fruit crops that are currently targeted in RosBREED for the adoption of marker-assisted breeding. Peach serves as a well resourced model fruit crop while cherry stands to directly benefit from research advances in its relative. Three “jewels in the genome” for peach and cherry are the current targets for application in breeding. Peach breeders select cultivar candidates that meet their criteria for fruit texture (melting vs. non-melting flesh) and pit adherence to the flesh (clingstone vs. freestone). These phenotypes are explained by genes at the Freestone-Melting flesh locus on peach chromosome 4 that contains the endoPG gene (a gene encoding a cell wall pectin-cleaving enzyme called endopolygalactouronase that plays a major role in fruit softening). Genetic tests are available for the functional alleles that can be used to predict whether peach fruit will be freestone melting flesh (FMF), clingstone melting flesh (CMF), clingstone non-mel...
Non-deslructive firmness sensors have recently become available for packers and fruí handlers alt... more Non-deslructive firmness sensors have recently become available for packers and fruí handlers although they derrand more ¡nforrratbn on their performance and reliability. A corrmerdal sensor based on low rrass irrpact has been tested on kiwifruit. Correlatton betweer the firrmess Índex given by the device and Magness-Taybr foro» was low (r 3 = 0.594). Classiftoatbns modeled with dbcrirrinant analysls showed that it Is feasible to sort samples Into two firnness groups (96 to 91%), but dassiflcatbn into three dasses yields lower scores.
The combined effect of sulfur dioxide (SO 2) fumigation and different carbon dioxide (CO 2)-enric... more The combined effect of sulfur dioxide (SO 2) fumigation and different carbon dioxide (CO 2)-enriched atmospheres (3% O 2 + 3, 6, 12, or 24% CO 2) on quality attributes, postharvest decay, phytochemical content, and antioxidant capacity of eight fresh blueberry cultivars (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) was determined. The SO 2 treatments did not harm berry quality, but did significantly reduce decay incidence, especially when it was followed by storage in elevated CO 2 atmospheres (>6%). However, very high CO 2 atmospheres (24%) induced fruit softening and 'off-flavors'. Botrytis and Alternaria spp. were the dominant fungal pathogens causing decay of blueberries during storage, but differences in the species of decay microorganisms were found among cultivars. Postharvest strategies that included SO 2 fumigation and/or enriched CO 2 atmospheres did not negatively affect phytochemical content or antioxidant activity of the fruit; however, the polyphenolic content and total antioxidant activity varied greatly among cultivars. Overall, SO 2 fumigation followed by controlled atmosphere storage (3% O 2 + 6 or 12% CO 2) is a promising postharvest strategy for fresh blueberries to reduce decay, extend market life, and maintain high nutritional value.
Plant Science, 2014
Ozone treatments are used to preserve quality during cold storage of commercially important fruit... more Ozone treatments are used to preserve quality during cold storage of commercially important fruits due to its ethylene oxidizing capacity and its antimicrobial attributes. To address whether or not ozone also modulates ripening by directly affecting fruit physiology, kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward') were stored in very low ethylene atmosphere at 0 • C (95% RH) in air (control) or in the presence of ozone (0.3 L L −1) for 2 or 4 months and subsequently ripened at 20 • C (90% RH) for up to 8 d. Ozone-treated kiwifruit showed a significant delay of ripening during maintenance at 20 • C, accompanied by a marked decrease in ethylene biosynthesis due to inhibited AdACS1 and AdACO1 expression and reduced ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) enzyme activity. Furthermore, ozone-treated fruit exhibited a marked reduction in flesh softening and cell wall disassembly. This effect was associated with reduced cell wall swelling and pectin and neutral sugar solubilization and was correlated with the inhibition of cell wall degrading enzymes activity, such as polygalacturonase (PG) and endo-1,4--glucanase/1,4-glucosidase (EGase/glu). Conclusively, the present study indicated that ozone may exert major residual effects in fruit ripening physiology and suggested that ethylene biosynthesis and cell walls turnover are specifically targeted by ozone.
Fruit Breeding, 2011
Hundreds of fruit species with commercial potential are currently in a status of low economic imp... more Hundreds of fruit species with commercial potential are currently in a status of low economic importance. Some, such as quince, pomegranate, and fi gs, have been cultivated for thousands of years. Others have only been locally collected and consumed from wild populations of the fruit. The development of these underappreciated crops depends on a range of factors including the cultivation limitations, yields, uses of the fruit, and marketing potential. Although initially many crops are developed using selections from the wild, as they are developed, breeding programs work toward improving the crop for both production and quality. This chapter examines nine emerging crops chosen among hundreds of potential crops
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 1992
The journal is devoted exclusively to the publication of original papers and review articles on b... more The journal is devoted exclusively to the publication of original papers and review articles on biological and technological research in the areas of postharvest storage, treatment, quality evaluation, packaging, handling and distribution of agronomic (including forage) and horticultural crops. Articles on the postharvest treatment of fresh product as affecting the quality of processed product will be included, but articles on food processing will not be considered for the journal. Papers based on interdisciplinary research will be encouraged. These disciplines include ecology, entomology, plant physiology, plant pathology, molecular biology, chemistry, engineering, technology and economics.
Plant Physiology, 1992
Genotypic variability in vulnerability of leaf xylem to waterstress-induced cavitation was determ... more Genotypic variability in vulnerability of leaf xylem to waterstress-induced cavitation was determined in four sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) clones using detached leaf segments in a hydraulic conductivity apparatus. Vulnerability curves were constructed by plotting the percentage of maximum conductivity versus leaf water potential (A,) and fitting curves using a Weibull function. The 4, at which each clone lost 10, 50, and 80% of maximum conductivity was determined. Maximum conductivity per unit of leaf width was positively associated with metaxylem vessel diameter. The commercial clone H65-7052 exhibited the highest and the nondomesticated S. spontaneum exhibited the lowest conductivity. All four clones lost substantial conductivity at values of 4, less negative than-1.4 MPa, but H65-7052 was able to maintain 50% conductivity to lower 4, than the other clones. S. spontaneum sustained the most negative 4, (-1.99 MPa) before reaching the 80% conductivity loss point. Clone H69-8235 was consistently the most vulnerable to initial loss of conductivity. These vulnerability functions were used in conjunction with field measurements of 4, to estimate diurnal losses in leaf hydraulic conductivity under irrigated and droughted conditions. H69-8235 lost up to 50% of its conductivity during the day, even when well irrigated, and more than 80% when subjected to drought. The other clones exhibited lower conductivity losses. These losses are apparently reversed overnight by root pressure. Despite their close genetic relationships, these clones exhibited large differences in conductivity, in the vulnerability of their xylem to cavitation, and in gas exchange behavior. The potential for altering water relations by selecting for particular hydraulic characteristics is discussed.
Molecular Breeding, 2005
Peach fruit are handled, processed, and marketed according to their stone adhesion and fruit soft... more Peach fruit are handled, processed, and marketed according to their stone adhesion and fruit softening type. Uncertainty exists over whether these simply inherited traits are controlled by two linked loci, Freestone (F) and Melting flesh (M) or one multi-allelic locus, and whether M is controlled by the cell wall degrading enzyme, endopolygalacturonase. From morphological and molecular analysis of two related segregating populations of peach, we conclude that a single locus containing at least one gene for endopolygalacturonase, controls both F and M with at least three effective alleles. A simple diagnostic PCR test is now available for the three major phenotypes of freestone melting flesh (FMF), clingstone melting flesh (CMF), and clingstone non-melting flesh (CNMF).
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2008
BACKGROUND: Flesh reddening has been described as one of the manifestations of plum fruits to low... more BACKGROUND: Flesh reddening has been described as one of the manifestations of plum fruits to lowtemperature storage for prolonged periods. The influence of factors such as ethylene and delayed storage has not been studied to date. In order to assess that, plum cv. 'Royal Diamond' fruits were (a) stored at 5 • C (control), (b) held at 20 • C for 2 days before storage at 5 • C (delayed storage) or (c) maintained at 5 • C under 15 µL L −1 ethylene. Fruits were then transferred to 20 • C and ethylene, respiration, weight loss, firmness, soluble solids content, acidity, flesh reddening, anthocyanin accumulation and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity were determined. RESULTS: Delayed storage fruits showed more extensive flesh reddening than control fruits, with increased PAL activity and higher anthocyanin accumulation. Symptoms were expressed more markedly when fruits were stored at 5 • C in ethylene. CONCLUSION: Results indicated that the fruit ripening stage is a critical factor determining the susceptibility of 'Royal Diamond' plums to flesh reddening. Fruits continuously exposed to ethylene showed a dramatic increase in reddening, suggesting that ethylene contributes to the development of the disorder.