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Papers by Caroline Dufy

Since the 1980s, the development strategies adopted by many emerging countries have gone against ... more Since the 1980s, the development strategies adopted by many emerging countries have gone against ‘orthodox’ policies and been subsumed under the concept of the ‘developmental state’, which was inspired by the experience of East Asian states. The paper evaluates this concept of developmental policies and investigates the conditions that lead to their success or failure, in particular the existing relationships between states and markets, through a comparison between examples from post-communist Russia and Sub-Saharan African states since the 1980s onwards. The paper shows that Asian policies have been developmental because they could meet two conditions national economic guidance and industrialisation -, which explains their success. It demonstrates that though for different reasons, they were met neither by Sub-Saharan African states nor Russia. This comparison shows the importance of causal channels and constraints that have so far remained under-investigated by the literature on d...

Repères, 2007

... Mouvements financiers et inégalités; La globalisation : une érosion de la localité ... S&... more ... Mouvements financiers et inégalités; La globalisation : une érosion de la localité ... S'il n'est pas engagé dans des études d'anthropologie, une discipline sinistrée dans le monde universitaire faute de ... et frileusement repliée sur elle-même, le lecteur français n'a pas les moyens de ...

The Journal of Political Theory, Political Philosophy and Sociology of Politics Politeia, 2016

Мир России, 2018

Alessandra Russo – PhD, Postdoctoral Researcher, Emile Durkheim Centre, Comparative Political Sci... more Alessandra Russo – PhD, Postdoctoral Researcher, Emile Durkheim Centre, Comparative Political Science and Sociology, Sciences Po Bordeaux. Address: 11 Allée Ausone 33607 PESSAC Cedex, France. E-mail: alessandra.russo@scpobx.fr Caroline Dufy – PhD, Senior Lecturer, Researcher, Emile Durkheim Centre, Comparative Political Science and Sociology, Sciences Po Bordeaux. Address: 11 Allée Ausone 33607 PESSAC Cedex, France. E-mail: c.dufy@sciencespobordeaux.fr Citation: Russo A., Dufy C. (2018) Region-making at Last in the Former Soviet Area: Some Suggestions for Future Research. Mir Rossii, vol. 27, no 4, pp. 120–128. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2018-27-4-120-128 In March and October 2017, two workshops took place at Sciences Po Bordeaux, gathering together scholars of comparative regionalism and area studies specialists. We engaged in a constructive debate to contribute to and revitalise studies on the regional reordering of post-Soviet spaces. We investigated, beyond Eurocentric views, the ...

Revue d’études comparatives Est-Ouest, 2017

Dans Revue d'études comparatives Est-Ouest Revue d'études comparatives Est-Ouest 2017/1 (N° 48) 2... more Dans Revue d'études comparatives Est-Ouest Revue d'études comparatives Est-Ouest 2017/1 (N° 48) 2017/1 (N° 48), pages 9 à 20 Éditions NecPlus NecPlus

Revue d’études comparatives Est-Ouest, 2017

Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour NecPlus. © NecPlus. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays... more Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour NecPlus. © NecPlus. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays. La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit.

Universe of Russia, 2013

Svetlana Barsukova - Vice Head, Laboratory for Sociological and Economic Studies, National Resear... more Svetlana Barsukova - Vice Head, Laboratory for Sociological and Economic Studies, National Research University “Higher School of Economics”. Address: 20, Myasnitskaya St., Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation. E-mail: svbars2012@gmail.comCaroline Dufy - Research Fellow, Emile Durkheim Centre, Comparative Political Science and Sociology, University of Bordeaux. Address: 166, Cours de l’Argonne, Bordeaux, 33000, France. E-mail: c.dufy@sciencespobordeaux.frIn this article we argue that concepts such as “market competition”, or “national economy”, or “economic partiotizm” do not exist per se. Instead they are intertwined into much broader strands that are classified into three different models, which are used to legitimatize economic action: the market model, the strategic model, and the innovation model. Each model has its own and inner coherence, but each of them embodies different conceptions and visions of the state and economic policy.The present article, focusing on micro-level and grass-roots representations, examines how those official conceptions (market, patriotism, innovation) are perceived and reformulated by entrepreneurs and professionals. We pay greater attention to the different ways in which actors articulate the various market rules and protection measures implemented in the Russian economy. One of the main contributions of this article is to show the way interviewees articulate various models.The market model is consistent, powerful and legitimate in actors’ rhetoric; it strongly supports their autonomy from the state. We show, however, that the strategic model promoted by the elites’ discourse is characterized by unsustainability, porosity and inefficiency. That does not mean that business actors eschew patriotism per se, but rather that they reject its official definition, with the ensuing state domination of business. Patriotism is, instead, reformulated and integrated into another space of meaning, the innovation model, built up from below, which distinguishes it from public programs promoting innovations. Patriotism, as demonstrated, is invoked when dealing with public authorities, thereby allowing private interests to be introduced into the public sphere. The market model, which appeals to liberal values, distinguishes the notions of “market” and “state” and emphasizes the confrontation between them. State intervention per se is ineffective and illegitimate, whereas the market is more efficient, but also morally superior to all other forms of social transactions. Many of our interviews illustrate this great divide between state and business. This rhetoric is specific to small entrepreneurs deprived of any access to state support and subsidies. Market boundaries are totally dissociated from national borders. The relevant economic space is that of each specific commodity market in which the different actors are specialized. However, there are significant differences between the attitudes and opinions of representatives of the various sectors: the agricultural business as more nationally oriented contradicts the sector of electronics as more global oriented. There is no consensus at all about the positive role of patriotism in the economy as has been demonstrated in this article. On the contrary, patriotism is seen as being unrealistic, ineffective and often illegitimate. In actors’ rhetoric, the market discourse is dominant. We examine how actors articulate liberal market values and situations of protection. In the interviews, two forms of protection from competition are sharply distinguished: protection is seen as illegitimate when it is bound up with the political sphere, but legitimate when it springs from productive structures and is shaped, for example, by natural impediments. Although patriotism is presented as incompatible with the market model, it can be endorsed by actors playing the role of citizen. This discourse expresses great tensions between the economic efficiency promoted by the market model and the patriotic rhetoric espoused by political leaders. Patriotism endorses a larger vision, one that encompasses the global interests of Russia in all their diversity. In practice, business actors are very wary about the leitmotif of patriotism, which seems to be a mere political label. The discourse of business actors undermines the rhetoric of the authorities, which vacillates between strategic interests and market rules. Such discourse is used to accuse large corporations of benefitting from vested interest positions, unlike small firms, which are bound by market rules. The political rhetoric of economic patriotism, instead of bringing communities together and then consolidating them, has the opposite effect: it splits society into blocs, opposing powerless people to elites, bureaucrats and business professionals.We would like to show how different interests can be combined, how heterogeneous actors succeed in building appropriate justifications and in bringing them onto the…

Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 2016

The article evaluates the concept of ‘developmental’ policies, comparing post-communist Russia an... more The article evaluates the concept of ‘developmental’ policies, comparing post-communist Russia and Sub-Saharan African (SSA) states. Asian ‘developmental state’ policies have been identified as developmental because of successful industrial policies and leaders’ ability to implement them. The comparison shows that while these features have been absent in SSA, notably due to the trapping effects of commodity dependence, Russia exhibits an original dualistic model where the negative impact of commodity dependence (such as the creation of rents) is compatible with developmental industrial policies. The evidence presented demonstrates the importance of constraints that stem from both economic and political structures, in turn explaining variations in developmental policy effectiveness.

Revue d’études comparatives Est-Ouest, 2015

Dans Revue d'études comparatives Est-Ouest Revue d'études comparatives Est-Ouest 2015/1 (N° 46) 2... more Dans Revue d'études comparatives Est-Ouest Revue d'études comparatives Est-Ouest 2015/1 (N° 46) 2015/1 (N° 46), pages 211 à 218 Éditions NecPlus NecPlus

Since the 1980s, the development strategies adopted by many emerging countries have gone against ... more Since the 1980s, the development strategies adopted by many emerging countries have gone against ‘orthodox’ policies and been subsumed under the concept of the ‘developmental state’, which was inspired by the experience of East Asian states. The paper evaluates this concept of developmental policies and investigates the conditions that lead to their success or failure, in particular the existing relationships between states and markets, through a comparison between examples from post-communist Russia and Sub-Saharan African states since the 1980s onwards. The paper shows that Asian policies have been developmental because they could meet two conditions national economic guidance and industrialisation -, which explains their success. It demonstrates that though for different reasons, they were met neither by Sub-Saharan African states nor Russia. This comparison shows the importance of causal channels and constraints that have so far remained under-investigated by the literature on d...

Repères, 2007

... Mouvements financiers et inégalités; La globalisation : une érosion de la localité ... S&... more ... Mouvements financiers et inégalités; La globalisation : une érosion de la localité ... S'il n'est pas engagé dans des études d'anthropologie, une discipline sinistrée dans le monde universitaire faute de ... et frileusement repliée sur elle-même, le lecteur français n'a pas les moyens de ...

The Journal of Political Theory, Political Philosophy and Sociology of Politics Politeia, 2016

Мир России, 2018

Alessandra Russo – PhD, Postdoctoral Researcher, Emile Durkheim Centre, Comparative Political Sci... more Alessandra Russo – PhD, Postdoctoral Researcher, Emile Durkheim Centre, Comparative Political Science and Sociology, Sciences Po Bordeaux. Address: 11 Allée Ausone 33607 PESSAC Cedex, France. E-mail: alessandra.russo@scpobx.fr Caroline Dufy – PhD, Senior Lecturer, Researcher, Emile Durkheim Centre, Comparative Political Science and Sociology, Sciences Po Bordeaux. Address: 11 Allée Ausone 33607 PESSAC Cedex, France. E-mail: c.dufy@sciencespobordeaux.fr Citation: Russo A., Dufy C. (2018) Region-making at Last in the Former Soviet Area: Some Suggestions for Future Research. Mir Rossii, vol. 27, no 4, pp. 120–128. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2018-27-4-120-128 In March and October 2017, two workshops took place at Sciences Po Bordeaux, gathering together scholars of comparative regionalism and area studies specialists. We engaged in a constructive debate to contribute to and revitalise studies on the regional reordering of post-Soviet spaces. We investigated, beyond Eurocentric views, the ...

Revue d’études comparatives Est-Ouest, 2017

Dans Revue d'études comparatives Est-Ouest Revue d'études comparatives Est-Ouest 2017/1 (N° 48) 2... more Dans Revue d'études comparatives Est-Ouest Revue d'études comparatives Est-Ouest 2017/1 (N° 48) 2017/1 (N° 48), pages 9 à 20 Éditions NecPlus NecPlus

Revue d’études comparatives Est-Ouest, 2017

Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour NecPlus. © NecPlus. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays... more Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour NecPlus. © NecPlus. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays. La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit.

Universe of Russia, 2013

Svetlana Barsukova - Vice Head, Laboratory for Sociological and Economic Studies, National Resear... more Svetlana Barsukova - Vice Head, Laboratory for Sociological and Economic Studies, National Research University “Higher School of Economics”. Address: 20, Myasnitskaya St., Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation. E-mail: svbars2012@gmail.comCaroline Dufy - Research Fellow, Emile Durkheim Centre, Comparative Political Science and Sociology, University of Bordeaux. Address: 166, Cours de l’Argonne, Bordeaux, 33000, France. E-mail: c.dufy@sciencespobordeaux.frIn this article we argue that concepts such as “market competition”, or “national economy”, or “economic partiotizm” do not exist per se. Instead they are intertwined into much broader strands that are classified into three different models, which are used to legitimatize economic action: the market model, the strategic model, and the innovation model. Each model has its own and inner coherence, but each of them embodies different conceptions and visions of the state and economic policy.The present article, focusing on micro-level and grass-roots representations, examines how those official conceptions (market, patriotism, innovation) are perceived and reformulated by entrepreneurs and professionals. We pay greater attention to the different ways in which actors articulate the various market rules and protection measures implemented in the Russian economy. One of the main contributions of this article is to show the way interviewees articulate various models.The market model is consistent, powerful and legitimate in actors’ rhetoric; it strongly supports their autonomy from the state. We show, however, that the strategic model promoted by the elites’ discourse is characterized by unsustainability, porosity and inefficiency. That does not mean that business actors eschew patriotism per se, but rather that they reject its official definition, with the ensuing state domination of business. Patriotism is, instead, reformulated and integrated into another space of meaning, the innovation model, built up from below, which distinguishes it from public programs promoting innovations. Patriotism, as demonstrated, is invoked when dealing with public authorities, thereby allowing private interests to be introduced into the public sphere. The market model, which appeals to liberal values, distinguishes the notions of “market” and “state” and emphasizes the confrontation between them. State intervention per se is ineffective and illegitimate, whereas the market is more efficient, but also morally superior to all other forms of social transactions. Many of our interviews illustrate this great divide between state and business. This rhetoric is specific to small entrepreneurs deprived of any access to state support and subsidies. Market boundaries are totally dissociated from national borders. The relevant economic space is that of each specific commodity market in which the different actors are specialized. However, there are significant differences between the attitudes and opinions of representatives of the various sectors: the agricultural business as more nationally oriented contradicts the sector of electronics as more global oriented. There is no consensus at all about the positive role of patriotism in the economy as has been demonstrated in this article. On the contrary, patriotism is seen as being unrealistic, ineffective and often illegitimate. In actors’ rhetoric, the market discourse is dominant. We examine how actors articulate liberal market values and situations of protection. In the interviews, two forms of protection from competition are sharply distinguished: protection is seen as illegitimate when it is bound up with the political sphere, but legitimate when it springs from productive structures and is shaped, for example, by natural impediments. Although patriotism is presented as incompatible with the market model, it can be endorsed by actors playing the role of citizen. This discourse expresses great tensions between the economic efficiency promoted by the market model and the patriotic rhetoric espoused by political leaders. Patriotism endorses a larger vision, one that encompasses the global interests of Russia in all their diversity. In practice, business actors are very wary about the leitmotif of patriotism, which seems to be a mere political label. The discourse of business actors undermines the rhetoric of the authorities, which vacillates between strategic interests and market rules. Such discourse is used to accuse large corporations of benefitting from vested interest positions, unlike small firms, which are bound by market rules. The political rhetoric of economic patriotism, instead of bringing communities together and then consolidating them, has the opposite effect: it splits society into blocs, opposing powerless people to elites, bureaucrats and business professionals.We would like to show how different interests can be combined, how heterogeneous actors succeed in building appropriate justifications and in bringing them onto the…

Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 2016

The article evaluates the concept of ‘developmental’ policies, comparing post-communist Russia an... more The article evaluates the concept of ‘developmental’ policies, comparing post-communist Russia and Sub-Saharan African (SSA) states. Asian ‘developmental state’ policies have been identified as developmental because of successful industrial policies and leaders’ ability to implement them. The comparison shows that while these features have been absent in SSA, notably due to the trapping effects of commodity dependence, Russia exhibits an original dualistic model where the negative impact of commodity dependence (such as the creation of rents) is compatible with developmental industrial policies. The evidence presented demonstrates the importance of constraints that stem from both economic and political structures, in turn explaining variations in developmental policy effectiveness.

Revue d’études comparatives Est-Ouest, 2015

Dans Revue d'études comparatives Est-Ouest Revue d'études comparatives Est-Ouest 2015/1 (N° 46) 2... more Dans Revue d'études comparatives Est-Ouest Revue d'études comparatives Est-Ouest 2015/1 (N° 46) 2015/1 (N° 46), pages 211 à 218 Éditions NecPlus NecPlus