Claudio Galmarini - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Claudio Galmarini

Crop science, Feb 20, 2024

RIA, Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Aug 25, 1994

Ornamental Horticulture, Mar 1, 2023

Green and variegated Benjamin fig (Ficus benjamina) often suffer from root restriction when grown... more Green and variegated Benjamin fig (Ficus benjamina) often suffer from root restriction when grown in pots. While exogenous cytokinin applications have proven effective in reversing this stress, the possibility that exogenous auxins, either alone or in combination with cytokinin, may also be helpful has received little attention. In this work, we analyse the response of green and variegated Ficus benjamina rooted cuttings growing in small pots to exogenous supply of auxin and cytokinin at different concentrations, either in single or combined applications. Our results show that both benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and indole acetic acid (IAA), at the highest concentration tested (100 mg L-1) increased leaf development and plant biomass accumulation in green and variegated Ficus genotypes. However, exogenous IAA and BAP appeared to elicit differential plant morpho-physiological responses. While BAP tended to enhance leaf appearance more than IAA did, the latter promoted leaf expansion in a steadier manner than BAP, thus resulting in plants with less, but larger, leaves than those treated with cytokinin. Despite these differences in plant architecture, regression analysis suggests that hormonal-induced growth promotion was solely attributable to enhanced carbon assimilation. Rather unexpectedly, IAA promoted net assimilation and photosynthesis rates at least as effectively as cytokinin. Possible mechanisms involved in growth and development promotion by exogenous application of both hormones are discussed. Auxin treatment may help overcome root restriction in Ficus as effectively as cytokinin in terms of growth promotion, although differences in plant architecture may arise as compared with plants sprayed with the latter hormone.

Springer eBooks, Jul 16, 2007

European Journal of Agronomy

Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica

Background and aims: The onion (Allium cepa var. cepa) is an allogamous species in which male-ste... more Background and aims: The onion (Allium cepa var. cepa) is an allogamous species in which male-sterile lines have been developed. However, the structure of the flower and floral nectaries have only been briefly described. The objective of this study is to update the floral anatomy data, comparing the gynoecium and androecium of male-fertile and male-sterile lines, and to analyze the three-dimensional structure of the floral nectary. M&M: Conventional optical and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used. Results: Fertile and sterile male flowers have the same structural organization. The septal or gynopleural nectary is organized in three zones: 1) production area formed by the glandular tissue arranged radially in the septa of the ovary, 2) discharge zone: a small channel at the apex connects the nectariferous tissue with the pocket formed between the ovary wall and the overlying ridge, and 3) presentation and harvest zone, where the excreted nectar accumulates, formed betwe...

Horticulturae

Bunching onion as well as onion show great variability in seed yield among cultivars. Understandi... more Bunching onion as well as onion show great variability in seed yield among cultivars. Understanding the role of floral rewards and attractants to pollinator species is crucial to improving crop seed yield. Nectar sugar concentration is one of the most important factors affecting bee–flower interaction. The objective of this work was to determine the differences in nectar sugar composition between onion and bunching onion lines grown in the same location during two consecutive cultivation cycles and in two different productive areas under open field conditions, and the relationship of these sugars with seed yield. The results obtained showed that, regardless of the season and the location, bunching onion produced higher seed yields than onion, and the sugar content was always higher than in onion. Fructose represented on average 56% of the total sugars, glucose 34% and, sucrose 9% of the total amount of sugars in nectar. There were differences between the two locations studied. Fruct...

Libro de resúmenes del Congreso Argentino de Horticultura, 2019

El zapallo es una hortaliza de alto valor social y económico para la Argentina. La Facultad de Ci... more El zapallo es una hortaliza de alto valor social y económico para la Argentina. La Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la UNCuyo, en conjunto con la EEA INTA La Consulta, ha trabajado por más de 10 años en el mejoramiento genético de Cucurbita maxima y Cucurbita moschata. Para ambos géneros se utilizó la selección genealógica y la selección recurrente. La selección se ha basado en la homogeneidad de las plantas y de los frutos, características de externas del fruto y el color de pulpa. Actualmente se mantienen unas 52 líneas, de las cuales dos están próximas a inscribirse: una es San Antonio (C. máxima), de doble propósito, destinada a zapallo de guarda maduro y zapallito redondo del tronco inmaduro. Posee una alta calidad comercial, buen rendimiento, frutos de tamaño mediano y uniformes en peso y forma. Se destaca el hábito de crecimiento arbustivo. El peso promedio del fruto es de 2,5 kg, pulpa firme fina, color naranja intenso, corteza de color naranja y extremo apical verde. Dentro del género C. moschata se trabajó con poblaciones del tipo “Carruecano”, luego de XX ciclos de selección se separaron líneas en tres grupos según la forma del fruto, los cuales se denominaron: “Carruecano Grande” (CG, 10 Kg y 70 cm), “Carruecano Mediano” (CM, 5 Kg y 60 cm) y “Anco Grande” (AG, 4 kg y 40 cm de longitud). Es necesario continuar con los ciclos de selección para llegar a líneas estables, homogéneas, que cumplan con las exigencias tanto del productor como del consumidor. Se espera inscribir al menos dos cultivares en los próximos dos años.Fil: Galmarini, Claudio Romulo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria. Cátedra de Horticultura y Floricultura; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Niveyro, Liliana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria. Cátedra de Horticultura y Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Foschi, María Laura. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria. Cátedra de Horticultura y Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Occhiuto, Patricia Noemí. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria. Cátedra de Horticultura y Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Loyola, Pablo Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria. Cátedra de Horticultura y Floricultura; ArgentinaXXXX Congreso Argentino de HorticulturaCórdobaArgentinaAsociación Argentina de Horticultur

Crop Science, 2021

Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) are the most used pollinators for onion (Allium cepa L.) seed produ... more Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) are the most used pollinators for onion (Allium cepa L.) seed production. Two types of onion varieties are mainly grown worldwide: hybrids and open pollination (OP) cultivars. Although hybrids offer advantages to bulb growers, seed yields of hybrids are lower than OP cultivars. Since honeybees play a major role in onion pollination, understanding the contribution of the floral rewards to bee visitation is crucial to improve seed yield. The goal of this study is to establish the best moment for the introduction of honeybee hives into onion fields to increase seed yields. To reach this goal, the correlation between sugar compounds in nectar throughout the flowering period and honeybee foraging activity was determined. The sugar profile and bee visits were highly correlated, and fructose concentration was strongly linked to bee frequency of foraging on the onion umbels. The highest number of bee visits was recorded at 70% of flowering. Based on these results, beehives should be introduced once 40–50% of flowering is reached.Fil: Soto Vargas, Verónica Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Gatica Hernández, Ismaél Jairo Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Galmarini, Claudio Romulo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Mendoza-San Juan. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

FAVE Sección Ciencias Agrarias, 2015

La fluorescencia de la clorofila se utiliza para determinar la eficiencia fotoquímica de las plan... more La fluorescencia de la clorofila se utiliza para determinar la eficiencia fotoquímica de las plantas ante diferentes condiciones ambientales. Existen índices como Fv/Fm y PI abs que son indicadores indirectos del rendimiento cuántico del fotosistema II (PSII). El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la eficiencia fotoquímica máxima del PSII y el potencial fotosintético en plantas sometidas a bajas temperaturas. La experiencia se llevó a cabo en la EEA, Santiago del Estero y en la Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustria, UNSE. Los tratamientos consistieron en plantas de melón (cv. Sweet Ball) sin estímulo de frío (testigo) y plantas con estímulo de frío durante la noche con rangos térmicos de 0ºC a 10ºC y de-3ºC a 0ºC. Se evaluó la eficiencia fotoquímica máxima (Fv/Fm), índice de potencial fotosintético (PI abs) y concentración de malondialdehido (MDA) en hoja. En las plantas estimuladas con frío se obtuvo menor Fv/Fm, PI abs e incrementos en la concentración de MDA.

Horticultura argentina 39 (99) : 6-16 (2020), Aug 1, 2020

Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants

Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo, 2021

Platelets are essential elements of human blood. In addition to their normal role, platelets are ... more Platelets are essential elements of human blood. In addition to their normal role, platelets are involved in causing myocardial infarction, stroke and other thrombotic disorders. Platelet activation in vivo, probably involves a combination of agonists. Garlic has beneficial effects due to its ability to inhibit platelet aggregation and thromboxane formation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of garlic extracts to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by different agonists and their mixtures in different donors. Significant differences were found in platelet aggregation in response to each agonist (P â‰¤ 0.05). The highest antiaggregatory effect was observed with arachidonic acid and the lowest effect with collagen-arachidonic acid mixture. Interaction effects between donor and agonist (or mixtures) were detected. The study showed the potential of aqueous garlic extracts to prevent platelet aggregation induced by different agonist. Highlights Platelets play a central ro...

Climbing Epipremnum aureum plants develop larger leaves than unsupported, hanging plants. This ef... more Climbing Epipremnum aureum plants develop larger leaves than unsupported, hanging plants. This effect may be regarded, in part, as a thigmomorphogenic response, but gravimorphogenetic effect may also be involved, since polar auxin transport is known to be negatively affected in plants with horizontal or hanging stems, which may result in an altered hormone balance at the whole plant level. The present work was aimed at studying how exogenous auxins and cytokinins may influence growth of E. aureum rooted cuttings under different training systems. Rooted cuttings of E. aureum were cultivated either climbing on an upright wooden board or creeping on the glasshouse bench or hanging from a basket. All leaves of each plant were sprayed to run-off at sunset with four indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) doses 7 days after transplanting and one week later, with four benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations, rendering 16 hormone combination treatments. The application of IAA or BAP at 50 mg L-1 to creep...

Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, Jun 15, 2006

The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2015

SUMMARY We have analysed the effects of combined auxin and cytokinin treatments on whole plant gr... more SUMMARY We have analysed the effects of combined auxin and cytokinin treatments on whole plant growth and leaf development in Epipremnum aureum and compared both morphological and physiological variables to those obtained with a single hormone application. Rooted cuttings of E. aureum were sprayed with 0, 5, 50, or 100 mg I−1 indole-3- acetic acid (IAA) 7 d after transplanting. One week later, they were then sprayed with 0, 5, 50, or 100 mg I−1 benzylaminopurine (BAP). Whole plant growth, leaf development, carbon fixation, and leaf anatomy were recorded for 6 months after these sequential treatments. Following a single application of IAA or BAP, we observed an increase in the accumulation of whole-plant biomass, which reached a plateau at the highest concentration of either plant hormone. The promotion of growth was associated with increased rates of net C-assimilation and net photosynthesis, as well as with increased leaf thickness and the relative proportion of intracellular spaces in the mesophyll layer. The effect on leaves of applying both hormones, in different combinations and concentrations, resembled the results on whole plants obtained by spraying either the auxin or the cytokinin (at 50 or 100 mg I−1 BAP). Similarities in plant and leaf responses to the auxin and/or the cytokinin suggest that both hormones may act via the same pathway, which agreed with the well-known promotional effect of auxins on the development of new lateral roots, as root apices are the main site of cytokinin biosynthesis. Conversely, our results did not support the occurrence of a significant auxin-driven inhibition of cytokinin synthesis in root apices, at least for E. aureum, as reported in other species.

Food Technology and Biotechnology, 2017

Allium sp. vegetables are widely consumed for their characteristic flavour. Additionally, their c... more Allium sp. vegetables are widely consumed for their characteristic flavour. Additionally, their consumption may provide protection against cardiovascular disease due to their antiplatelet and antioxidant activities. Although antiplatelet and antioxidant activities in Allium sp. are generally recognised, comparative studies of antiplatelet and antioxidant potency among the main Allium vegetable species are lacking. Also, the relationship between organosulfur and phenolic compounds and these biological activities has not been well established. In this study, the in vitro antiplatelet and antioxidant activities of the most widely consumed Allium species are characterised and compared. The species total organosulfur and phenolic content, and the HPLC profiles of 11 phenolic compounds were characterised and used to investigate the relationship between these compounds and antiplatelet and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, antiplatelet activities in chives and shallot have been characterised for the first time. Our results revealed that the strongest antiplatelet agents were garlic and shallot, whereas chives had the highest antioxidant activity. Leek and bunching onion had the weakest both biological activities. Significantly positive correlations were found between the in vitro antiplatelet activity and total organosulfur (R=0.74) and phenolic (TP) content (R=0.73), as well as between the antioxidant activity and TP (R=0.91) and total organosulfur content (R=0.67). Six individual phenolic compounds were associated with the antioxidant activity, with catechin, epigallocatechin and epicatechin gallate having the strongest correlation values (R>0.80). Overall, our results suggest that both organosulfur and phenolic compounds contribute similarly to Allium antiplatelet activity, whereas phenolics, as a whole, are largely responsible for antioxidant activity, with broad variation observed among the contributions of individual phenolic compounds.

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2018

The honey bee is the most frequently used species in pollination services for diverse crops. In o... more The honey bee is the most frequently used species in pollination services for diverse crops. In onion crops (Allium cepa L.), however, bees avoid visiting certain varieties, being attracted differently to male sterile (MS) and fertile (OP) lines. These differences might be based on the phenolic profiles of the cultivars’ nectars. To understand the relationship between nectar composition and pollinator attraction to different onion lines, we tested sensory and cognitive abilities and palatability in honey bees exposed to MS and OP onion nectars and sugar solutions mimicking them. We evaluated the proboscis extension response (PER) after antennal contact (unconditioned response) to MS or OP onion nectars, finding no statistical differences, which denotes similar gustatory perception for both nectars. We also performed food uptake assays to test palatability of different artificial nectars, considering their flavonoids and potassium content. The presence of potassium decreased palatabi...

Plants

Carrots require a certain number of cold hours to become vernalized and proceed to the reproducti... more Carrots require a certain number of cold hours to become vernalized and proceed to the reproductive stage, and this phenomenon is genotype-dependent. Annual carrots require less cold than biennials to flower; however, quantitative variation within annuals and biennials also exists, defining a gradient for vernalization requirement (VR). The flowering response of carrots to day length, after vernalization has occurred, is controversial. This vegetable has been described both as a long-day and a neutral-day species. The objective of this study was to evaluate flowering time and frequency in response to different cold treatments and photoperiod regimes in various carrot genotypes. To this end, three annual genotypes from India, Brazil, and Pakistan, and a biennial carrot from Japan, were exposed to 7.5 °C during 30, 60, 90, or 120 days, and then transferred to either long day (LD) or short day (SD) conditions. Significant variation (p < 0.05) among the carrot genotypes and among col...

Fil: Beretta, Hebe Vanesa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Mendoza... more Fil: Beretta, Hebe Vanesa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Mendoza-San Juan. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina