C. Geczy - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by C. Geczy
International Immunology, 2010
Aim: Herein, we demonstrated the effect of co-stimulation with RA and microbe on CD103 + cell ind... more Aim: Herein, we demonstrated the effect of co-stimulation with RA and microbe on CD103 + cell induction. Methods: KG-1 was treated with PMA and ionomycin in the presence or absence of RA and/or microbe. We used strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented food and human intestine as microbial stimulants. Results: RA increased the proportion of CD103 + cells as previously reported by Iliev (2009) in human monocyte-derived DC. Although each LAB had no effect on CD103 + cell proportion, co-stimulation with RA and some LABs synergistically increased CD103 + cell proportion compared to RA alone by decreasing the number of CD103 2 cells. Conclusion: These results suggested that some microbes and RA might collaboratively modulate the CD103 +/ 2 DC balance in the intestine and might improve symptoms in patients with IBD.
Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, 2011
The ability to visualise proteins in their native environment and discern information regarding s... more The ability to visualise proteins in their native environment and discern information regarding stoichiometry is of critical importance when studying protein interactions and function. We have used liquid cell atomic force microscopy (AFM) to visualise proteins in their native state in buffer and have determined their molecular volumes. The human proteins S100A8, S100A9, S100A12 and CLIC1 were used in this investigation. The effect of oxidation on the protein structure of CLIC1 was also investigated and we found that CLIC1 multimerisation could be discerned by AFM, which supports similar findings by other methods. We have found good correlation between the molecular volumes measured by AFM and the calculated volumes of the individual proteins. This method allows for the study of single soluble proteins under physiological conditions and could potentially be extended to study the structure of these proteins when located within a membrane environment.
The Journal of Immunology
Thrombin is the central bioregulatory enzyme in hemostasis and is generated in vascular beds in w... more Thrombin is the central bioregulatory enzyme in hemostasis and is generated in vascular beds in which inflammatory responses are ongoing. In this study, we examined the effect of thrombin, both alone and in combination with TNF, on gene expression in porcine aortic endothelial cells (EC). Thrombin (1-10 U/ml) induced increased mRNA levels of E-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-8, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and IkappaB-alpha. These effects were mimicked by a thrombin receptor-activating peptide; preincubation of thrombin with hirudin blocked the induction of mRNA, suggesting that the increased gene expression was due to thrombin-specific activity. Because these genes are known to contain nuclear-factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-binding elements in their promoter region, we next examined the ability of thrombin to activate this transcription factor. As detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, thrombin (10 U/ml) or thrombin receptor-activating peptide (100 micr...
Journal of Molecular Histology, 2007
S100A8 and S100A9 are calcium-binding proteins expressed in myeloid cells and are markers of nume... more S100A8 and S100A9 are calcium-binding proteins expressed in myeloid cells and are markers of numerous inflammatory diseases in humans. S100A9 has been associated with dystrophic calcification in human atherosclerosis. Here we demonstrate S100A8 and S100A9 expression in murine and human bone and cartilage cells. Only S100A8 was seen in preosteogenic cells whereas osteoblasts had variable, but generally weak expression of both proteins. In keeping with their reported high-mRNA expression, S100A8 and S100A9 were prominent in osteoclasts. S100A8 was expressed in alkaline phosphatasepositive hypertrophic chondrocytes, but not in proliferating chondrocytes within the growth plate where the cartilaginous matrix was calcifying. S100A9 was only evident in the invading vascular osteogenic tissue penetrating the degenerating chondrocytic zone adjacent to the primary spongiosa, where S100A8 was also expressed. Whilst, S100A8 has been shown to be associated with osteoblast differentiation, both S100A8 and S100A9 may contribute to calcification of the cartilage matrix and its replacement with trabecular bone, and to regulation of redox in bone resorption.
Journal of Cellular Physiology, 1996
Leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory foci is generally associated with cellular activation. Rece... more Leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory foci is generally associated with cellular activation. Recent evidence suggests that chemotactic agents can be divided into two classes, "classical chemoattractants" such as FMLP, C5a, and IL-8, which stimulate directed migration and activation events and "pure chemoattractants" such as TGF-beta 1 which influence actin polymerisation and movement but not oxidative burst and associated granular enzyme release. The studies reported here demonstrate that the murine S100 chemoattractant protein, CP-10, belongs to the "non-classical" group. Despite its potent chemotactic activity for neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, CP-10 failed to increase [Ca2+]i in human or mouse PMN, although chemotaxis was inhibited by pertussis toxin, confirming the suggestion of a novel Ca(2+)-independent G-protein-coupled pathway for post-receptor signal transduction triggered by "pure chemoattractants." The co-ordinated up-regulation of Mac-1 and down-regulation of L-selectin induced by FMLP on human PMN in vitro was not observed with CP-10. Quantitative changes in immediate (30 s) actin polymerisation occurred with FMLP and CP-10-treated human PMN. The relative F-actin increases induced in WEHI 265 monocytoid cells by FMLP and CP-10 was optimal at 60 s and declined over 120 s. F-actin changes reflected the concentration and potencies of the agonists required to provoke chemotaxis. After 90 min, CP-10 profoundly altered cell shape and increased both cell size and F-actin within pseudopodia. These changes are typical of those mediating leukocyte deformability, and CP-10 may mediate leukocyte retention within microcapillaries and thereby contribute to the initiation of inflammation in vascular beds.
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2009
BackgroundHIV-1 penetrates the central nervous system, which is vital for HIV-associated dementia... more BackgroundHIV-1 penetrates the central nervous system, which is vital for HIV-associated dementia (HAD). But the role of cellular infiltration and activation together with HIV in the development of HAD is poorly understood.MethodsTo study activation and infiltration patterns of macrophages, CD8+ T cells in relation to HIV in diverse CNS areas of patients with and without dementia. 46 brain regions from two rapidly progressing severely demented patients and 53 regions from 4 HIV+ non-dementia patients were analyzed. Macrophage and CD8+ T cell infiltration of the CNS in relation to HIV was assessed using immuno-histochemical analysis with anti-HIV (P24), anti-CD8 and anti-CD68, anti-S-100A8 and granzyme B antibodies (cellular activation). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 12.0 with Student's t test and ANOVA.ResultsOverall, the patterns of infiltration of macrophages and CD8+ T cells were indiscernible between patients with and without dementia, but the co-localization ...
The Journal of Immunology, 2000
The Journal of Immunology, 2009
Macrophages, cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play important roles in atherogenesis... more Macrophages, cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play important roles in atherogenesis. The Ca2+-binding protein S100A12 regulates monocyte migration and may contribute to atherosclerosis by inducing proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. We found significantly higher S100A12 levels in sera from patients with coronary artery disease than controls and levels correlated positively with C-reactive protein. S100A12 was released into the coronary circulation from ruptured plaque in acute coronary syndrome, and after mechanical disruption by percutaneous coronary intervention in stable coronary artery disease. In contrast to earlier studies, S100A12 did not stimulate proinflammatory cytokine production by human monocytes or macrophages. Similarly, no induction of MMP genes was found in macrophages stimulated with S100A12. Because S100A12 binds Zn2+, we studied some functional aspects that could modulate atherogenesis. S100A12 formed a hexamer in the presence of Zn2+; a novel...
The Journal of Immunology, 2008
S100A8 and S100A9, highly expressed by neutrophils, activated macrophages, and microvascular endo... more S100A8 and S100A9, highly expressed by neutrophils, activated macrophages, and microvascular endothelial cells, are secreted during inflammatory processes. Our earlier studies showed S100A8 to be an avid scavenger of oxidants, and, together with its dependence on IL-10 for expression in macrophages, we postulated that this protein has a protective role. S-nitrosylation is an important posttranslational modification that regulates NO transport, cell signaling, and homeostasis. Relatively few proteins are targets of S-nitrosylation. To date, no inflammation-associated proteins with NO-shuttling capacity have been identified. We used HPLC and mass spectrometry to show that S100A8 and S100A9 were readily Snitrosylated by NO donors. S-nitrosylated S100A8 (S100A8-SNO) was the preferred nitrosylated product. No S-nitrosylation occurred when the single Cys residue in S100A8 was mutated to Ala. S100A8-SNO in human neutrophils treated with NO donors was confirmed by the biotin switch assay. The stable adduct transnitrosylated hemoglobin, indicating a role in NO transport. S100A8-SNO suppressed mast cell activation by compound 48/80; intravital microscopy was used to demonstrate suppression of leukocyte adhesion and extravasation triggered by compound 48/80 in the rat mesenteric microcirculation. Although S100A8 is induced in macrophages by LPS or IFN-␥, the combination, which activates inducible NO synthase, did not induce S100A8. Thus, the antimicrobial functions of NO generated under these circumstances would not be compromised by S100A8. Our results suggest that S100A8-SNO may regulate leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in the microcirculation, and suppression of mast cell-mediated inflammation represents an additional anti-inflammatory property for S100A8.
International archives of allergy and applied immunology, 1975
Incubation of guinea pig lymph node lymphocytes with insoluble concanavalin A (Con A) in serum-fr... more Incubation of guinea pig lymph node lymphocytes with insoluble concanavalin A (Con A) in serum-free medium yields sizable amounts of migration inhibition (MIF) and mitogenic factors (MF). Various controls confirmed that the activities detected in supernatants from such cultures are not due to free soluble Con A released during culture. Whereas guinea pig MIF does not act upon human and horse monocytes, guinea pig MF stimulated human but not horse lymphocytes. Upon stimulation by insoluble Con A, guinea pig MIF and MF appear to be produced essentially by T lymphocytes. The technique proposed for producing lymphokines appears convenient for further purification and biochemical characterization of culture supernatants.
Heart, Lung and Circulation, 2007
Neurobiology of …, 2006
Inflammation, insoluble protein deposition and neuronal cell loss are important features of the A... more Inflammation, insoluble protein deposition and neuronal cell loss are important features of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. S100B is associated with the neuropathological hallmarks of AD where it is thought to play a role in neuritic pathology. S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 comprise a new group of inflammation-associated proteins that are constitutively expressed by neutrophils and inducible in numerous inflammatory cells. We investigated expression of S100B, S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 in brain samples from sporadic and familial (PS-1) AD cases and controls using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. S100B, S100A9 and S100A12, but not S100A8, were consistently associated with the neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Western blot analysis confirmed significant increases in soluble S100A9 in PS-1 AD compared to controls. S100A9 complexes that were resistant to reduction were also evident in brain extracts. A reactive component of a size consistent with hexameric S100A12 was seen in all cases. This study indicates a potential role for pro-inflammatory S100A9 and S100A12 in pathogenesis caused by inflammation and protein complex formation in AD.
Journal of Cellular Physiology, 1996
Leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory foci is generally associated with cellular activation. Rece... more Leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory foci is generally associated with cellular activation. Recent evidence suggests that chemotactic agents can be divided into two classes, "classical chemoattractants" such as FMLP, C5a, and IL-8, which stimulate directed migration and activation events and "pure chemoattractants" such as TGF-beta 1 which influence actin polymerisation and movement but not oxidative burst and associated granular enzyme release. The studies reported here demonstrate that the murine S100 chemoattractant protein, CP-10, belongs to the "non-classical" group. Despite its potent chemotactic activity for neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, CP-10 failed to increase [Ca2+]i in human or mouse PMN, although chemotaxis was inhibited by pertussis toxin, confirming the suggestion of a novel Ca(2+)-independent G-protein-coupled pathway for post-receptor signal transduction triggered by "pure chemoattractants." The co-ordinated up-regula...
Atherosclerosis, 2009
Aims: Elevated serum amyloid A (SAA) levels, like C-reactive protein (CRP), predict coronary even... more Aims: Elevated serum amyloid A (SAA) levels, like C-reactive protein (CRP), predict coronary events. Both induce monocyte tissue factor (TF), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) express higher TF in response to CRP. This study examined SAA induction of TF and tumour necrosis factor-␣ (TNF) in PBMC from patients with CAD and in monocytoid THP-1 cells. Methods and results: PBMC from 26 males with CAD (15 stable angina, SA, and 11 acute coronary syndromes, ACS) and 14 male controls were stimulated with SAA. SAA promoted up to six-fold increase in TF activity (recalcification assay) on PBMC from patients, associated with elevated TF mRNA and protein. PBMC responded optimally when monocytes were adherent. Unlike CRP, SAA induced TF and TNF in THP-1 cells. SAA-induced TNF was dose-dependently inhibited by HDL. PBMC from patients with ACS expressed more basal TF (257.4 ± 46.8 mU/10 6 PBMC vs. 131.0 ± 12.5 mU/10 6 PBMC, P = 0.003), and greater SAA-induced TF than cells from controls, whereas no difference was found between SA and controls (ACS 2246 ± 493, SA 1364 ± 206, controls 1091 ± 113 mU/10 6 PBMC, with SAA 250 ng/mL, P = 0.002 ACS vs. controls across the dose range). Importantly, SAA-induced TNF levels (ELISA) were much higher in patients with ACS than SA or controls (ACS 211 ± 41, SA 108 ± 16, controls 73 ± 11 pg/mL, with SAA 250 ng/mL, P = 0.001 ACS vs. controls or P = 0.013 ACS vs. SA across the dose range). SAA-induced TF and TNF correlated positively with serum SAA levels in CAD, but not controls. Conclusions: SAA is a prothrombotic and proinflammatory mediator in ACS which may contribute to atherogenesis and its complications.
European Journal of Cancer, 2016
International Immunology, 2010
Aim: Herein, we demonstrated the effect of co-stimulation with RA and microbe on CD103 + cell ind... more Aim: Herein, we demonstrated the effect of co-stimulation with RA and microbe on CD103 + cell induction. Methods: KG-1 was treated with PMA and ionomycin in the presence or absence of RA and/or microbe. We used strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented food and human intestine as microbial stimulants. Results: RA increased the proportion of CD103 + cells as previously reported by Iliev (2009) in human monocyte-derived DC. Although each LAB had no effect on CD103 + cell proportion, co-stimulation with RA and some LABs synergistically increased CD103 + cell proportion compared to RA alone by decreasing the number of CD103 2 cells. Conclusion: These results suggested that some microbes and RA might collaboratively modulate the CD103 +/ 2 DC balance in the intestine and might improve symptoms in patients with IBD.
Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, 2011
The ability to visualise proteins in their native environment and discern information regarding s... more The ability to visualise proteins in their native environment and discern information regarding stoichiometry is of critical importance when studying protein interactions and function. We have used liquid cell atomic force microscopy (AFM) to visualise proteins in their native state in buffer and have determined their molecular volumes. The human proteins S100A8, S100A9, S100A12 and CLIC1 were used in this investigation. The effect of oxidation on the protein structure of CLIC1 was also investigated and we found that CLIC1 multimerisation could be discerned by AFM, which supports similar findings by other methods. We have found good correlation between the molecular volumes measured by AFM and the calculated volumes of the individual proteins. This method allows for the study of single soluble proteins under physiological conditions and could potentially be extended to study the structure of these proteins when located within a membrane environment.
The Journal of Immunology
Thrombin is the central bioregulatory enzyme in hemostasis and is generated in vascular beds in w... more Thrombin is the central bioregulatory enzyme in hemostasis and is generated in vascular beds in which inflammatory responses are ongoing. In this study, we examined the effect of thrombin, both alone and in combination with TNF, on gene expression in porcine aortic endothelial cells (EC). Thrombin (1-10 U/ml) induced increased mRNA levels of E-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-8, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and IkappaB-alpha. These effects were mimicked by a thrombin receptor-activating peptide; preincubation of thrombin with hirudin blocked the induction of mRNA, suggesting that the increased gene expression was due to thrombin-specific activity. Because these genes are known to contain nuclear-factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-binding elements in their promoter region, we next examined the ability of thrombin to activate this transcription factor. As detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, thrombin (10 U/ml) or thrombin receptor-activating peptide (100 micr...
Journal of Molecular Histology, 2007
S100A8 and S100A9 are calcium-binding proteins expressed in myeloid cells and are markers of nume... more S100A8 and S100A9 are calcium-binding proteins expressed in myeloid cells and are markers of numerous inflammatory diseases in humans. S100A9 has been associated with dystrophic calcification in human atherosclerosis. Here we demonstrate S100A8 and S100A9 expression in murine and human bone and cartilage cells. Only S100A8 was seen in preosteogenic cells whereas osteoblasts had variable, but generally weak expression of both proteins. In keeping with their reported high-mRNA expression, S100A8 and S100A9 were prominent in osteoclasts. S100A8 was expressed in alkaline phosphatasepositive hypertrophic chondrocytes, but not in proliferating chondrocytes within the growth plate where the cartilaginous matrix was calcifying. S100A9 was only evident in the invading vascular osteogenic tissue penetrating the degenerating chondrocytic zone adjacent to the primary spongiosa, where S100A8 was also expressed. Whilst, S100A8 has been shown to be associated with osteoblast differentiation, both S100A8 and S100A9 may contribute to calcification of the cartilage matrix and its replacement with trabecular bone, and to regulation of redox in bone resorption.
Journal of Cellular Physiology, 1996
Leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory foci is generally associated with cellular activation. Rece... more Leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory foci is generally associated with cellular activation. Recent evidence suggests that chemotactic agents can be divided into two classes, "classical chemoattractants" such as FMLP, C5a, and IL-8, which stimulate directed migration and activation events and "pure chemoattractants" such as TGF-beta 1 which influence actin polymerisation and movement but not oxidative burst and associated granular enzyme release. The studies reported here demonstrate that the murine S100 chemoattractant protein, CP-10, belongs to the "non-classical" group. Despite its potent chemotactic activity for neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, CP-10 failed to increase [Ca2+]i in human or mouse PMN, although chemotaxis was inhibited by pertussis toxin, confirming the suggestion of a novel Ca(2+)-independent G-protein-coupled pathway for post-receptor signal transduction triggered by "pure chemoattractants." The co-ordinated up-regulation of Mac-1 and down-regulation of L-selectin induced by FMLP on human PMN in vitro was not observed with CP-10. Quantitative changes in immediate (30 s) actin polymerisation occurred with FMLP and CP-10-treated human PMN. The relative F-actin increases induced in WEHI 265 monocytoid cells by FMLP and CP-10 was optimal at 60 s and declined over 120 s. F-actin changes reflected the concentration and potencies of the agonists required to provoke chemotaxis. After 90 min, CP-10 profoundly altered cell shape and increased both cell size and F-actin within pseudopodia. These changes are typical of those mediating leukocyte deformability, and CP-10 may mediate leukocyte retention within microcapillaries and thereby contribute to the initiation of inflammation in vascular beds.
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2009
BackgroundHIV-1 penetrates the central nervous system, which is vital for HIV-associated dementia... more BackgroundHIV-1 penetrates the central nervous system, which is vital for HIV-associated dementia (HAD). But the role of cellular infiltration and activation together with HIV in the development of HAD is poorly understood.MethodsTo study activation and infiltration patterns of macrophages, CD8+ T cells in relation to HIV in diverse CNS areas of patients with and without dementia. 46 brain regions from two rapidly progressing severely demented patients and 53 regions from 4 HIV+ non-dementia patients were analyzed. Macrophage and CD8+ T cell infiltration of the CNS in relation to HIV was assessed using immuno-histochemical analysis with anti-HIV (P24), anti-CD8 and anti-CD68, anti-S-100A8 and granzyme B antibodies (cellular activation). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 12.0 with Student's t test and ANOVA.ResultsOverall, the patterns of infiltration of macrophages and CD8+ T cells were indiscernible between patients with and without dementia, but the co-localization ...
The Journal of Immunology, 2000
The Journal of Immunology, 2009
Macrophages, cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play important roles in atherogenesis... more Macrophages, cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play important roles in atherogenesis. The Ca2+-binding protein S100A12 regulates monocyte migration and may contribute to atherosclerosis by inducing proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. We found significantly higher S100A12 levels in sera from patients with coronary artery disease than controls and levels correlated positively with C-reactive protein. S100A12 was released into the coronary circulation from ruptured plaque in acute coronary syndrome, and after mechanical disruption by percutaneous coronary intervention in stable coronary artery disease. In contrast to earlier studies, S100A12 did not stimulate proinflammatory cytokine production by human monocytes or macrophages. Similarly, no induction of MMP genes was found in macrophages stimulated with S100A12. Because S100A12 binds Zn2+, we studied some functional aspects that could modulate atherogenesis. S100A12 formed a hexamer in the presence of Zn2+; a novel...
The Journal of Immunology, 2008
S100A8 and S100A9, highly expressed by neutrophils, activated macrophages, and microvascular endo... more S100A8 and S100A9, highly expressed by neutrophils, activated macrophages, and microvascular endothelial cells, are secreted during inflammatory processes. Our earlier studies showed S100A8 to be an avid scavenger of oxidants, and, together with its dependence on IL-10 for expression in macrophages, we postulated that this protein has a protective role. S-nitrosylation is an important posttranslational modification that regulates NO transport, cell signaling, and homeostasis. Relatively few proteins are targets of S-nitrosylation. To date, no inflammation-associated proteins with NO-shuttling capacity have been identified. We used HPLC and mass spectrometry to show that S100A8 and S100A9 were readily Snitrosylated by NO donors. S-nitrosylated S100A8 (S100A8-SNO) was the preferred nitrosylated product. No S-nitrosylation occurred when the single Cys residue in S100A8 was mutated to Ala. S100A8-SNO in human neutrophils treated with NO donors was confirmed by the biotin switch assay. The stable adduct transnitrosylated hemoglobin, indicating a role in NO transport. S100A8-SNO suppressed mast cell activation by compound 48/80; intravital microscopy was used to demonstrate suppression of leukocyte adhesion and extravasation triggered by compound 48/80 in the rat mesenteric microcirculation. Although S100A8 is induced in macrophages by LPS or IFN-␥, the combination, which activates inducible NO synthase, did not induce S100A8. Thus, the antimicrobial functions of NO generated under these circumstances would not be compromised by S100A8. Our results suggest that S100A8-SNO may regulate leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in the microcirculation, and suppression of mast cell-mediated inflammation represents an additional anti-inflammatory property for S100A8.
International archives of allergy and applied immunology, 1975
Incubation of guinea pig lymph node lymphocytes with insoluble concanavalin A (Con A) in serum-fr... more Incubation of guinea pig lymph node lymphocytes with insoluble concanavalin A (Con A) in serum-free medium yields sizable amounts of migration inhibition (MIF) and mitogenic factors (MF). Various controls confirmed that the activities detected in supernatants from such cultures are not due to free soluble Con A released during culture. Whereas guinea pig MIF does not act upon human and horse monocytes, guinea pig MF stimulated human but not horse lymphocytes. Upon stimulation by insoluble Con A, guinea pig MIF and MF appear to be produced essentially by T lymphocytes. The technique proposed for producing lymphokines appears convenient for further purification and biochemical characterization of culture supernatants.
Heart, Lung and Circulation, 2007
Neurobiology of …, 2006
Inflammation, insoluble protein deposition and neuronal cell loss are important features of the A... more Inflammation, insoluble protein deposition and neuronal cell loss are important features of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. S100B is associated with the neuropathological hallmarks of AD where it is thought to play a role in neuritic pathology. S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 comprise a new group of inflammation-associated proteins that are constitutively expressed by neutrophils and inducible in numerous inflammatory cells. We investigated expression of S100B, S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 in brain samples from sporadic and familial (PS-1) AD cases and controls using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. S100B, S100A9 and S100A12, but not S100A8, were consistently associated with the neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Western blot analysis confirmed significant increases in soluble S100A9 in PS-1 AD compared to controls. S100A9 complexes that were resistant to reduction were also evident in brain extracts. A reactive component of a size consistent with hexameric S100A12 was seen in all cases. This study indicates a potential role for pro-inflammatory S100A9 and S100A12 in pathogenesis caused by inflammation and protein complex formation in AD.
Journal of Cellular Physiology, 1996
Leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory foci is generally associated with cellular activation. Rece... more Leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory foci is generally associated with cellular activation. Recent evidence suggests that chemotactic agents can be divided into two classes, "classical chemoattractants" such as FMLP, C5a, and IL-8, which stimulate directed migration and activation events and "pure chemoattractants" such as TGF-beta 1 which influence actin polymerisation and movement but not oxidative burst and associated granular enzyme release. The studies reported here demonstrate that the murine S100 chemoattractant protein, CP-10, belongs to the "non-classical" group. Despite its potent chemotactic activity for neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, CP-10 failed to increase [Ca2+]i in human or mouse PMN, although chemotaxis was inhibited by pertussis toxin, confirming the suggestion of a novel Ca(2+)-independent G-protein-coupled pathway for post-receptor signal transduction triggered by "pure chemoattractants." The co-ordinated up-regula...
Atherosclerosis, 2009
Aims: Elevated serum amyloid A (SAA) levels, like C-reactive protein (CRP), predict coronary even... more Aims: Elevated serum amyloid A (SAA) levels, like C-reactive protein (CRP), predict coronary events. Both induce monocyte tissue factor (TF), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) express higher TF in response to CRP. This study examined SAA induction of TF and tumour necrosis factor-␣ (TNF) in PBMC from patients with CAD and in monocytoid THP-1 cells. Methods and results: PBMC from 26 males with CAD (15 stable angina, SA, and 11 acute coronary syndromes, ACS) and 14 male controls were stimulated with SAA. SAA promoted up to six-fold increase in TF activity (recalcification assay) on PBMC from patients, associated with elevated TF mRNA and protein. PBMC responded optimally when monocytes were adherent. Unlike CRP, SAA induced TF and TNF in THP-1 cells. SAA-induced TNF was dose-dependently inhibited by HDL. PBMC from patients with ACS expressed more basal TF (257.4 ± 46.8 mU/10 6 PBMC vs. 131.0 ± 12.5 mU/10 6 PBMC, P = 0.003), and greater SAA-induced TF than cells from controls, whereas no difference was found between SA and controls (ACS 2246 ± 493, SA 1364 ± 206, controls 1091 ± 113 mU/10 6 PBMC, with SAA 250 ng/mL, P = 0.002 ACS vs. controls across the dose range). Importantly, SAA-induced TNF levels (ELISA) were much higher in patients with ACS than SA or controls (ACS 211 ± 41, SA 108 ± 16, controls 73 ± 11 pg/mL, with SAA 250 ng/mL, P = 0.001 ACS vs. controls or P = 0.013 ACS vs. SA across the dose range). SAA-induced TF and TNF correlated positively with serum SAA levels in CAD, but not controls. Conclusions: SAA is a prothrombotic and proinflammatory mediator in ACS which may contribute to atherogenesis and its complications.
European Journal of Cancer, 2016