C. Mwandawiro - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by C. Mwandawiro

Research paper thumbnail of ケニア西部（GembeEast,Mbita）におけるマラリア媒介蚊のピレスロイド感受性に関する調査（４）行動抵抗性の有無に関する検討

Research paper thumbnail of Surface Water and Energy Budgets for Sub-Saharan Africa in GFDL Coupled Climate Model

Research paper thumbnail of ケニア西部（GembeEast,Mbita）におけるマラリア媒介蚊のピレスロイド感受性に関する調査（３）家屋内で採集した成虫から得られた次世代のピレスロイドに対する感受性

Research paper thumbnail of ケニア西部(Gembe East,Mbita)におけるマラリア媒介蚊の新しいコントロール技術の開発(2)オリセット®ネット使用家屋へのハマダラカ類の侵入と吸血パターンの検討

Research paper thumbnail of Sustaining Progress towards NTD Elimination: An Opportunity to Leverage Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Programs to Interrupt Transmission of Soil-Transmitted Helminths

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of A09 石垣島の蚊棲息環境記載の試み : リモートセンシングの導入

Medical Entomology and Zoology, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Preventive effect of permethrin-impregnated long-lasting insecticidal nets on the blood feeding of three major pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in western Kenya

Parasites & vectors, Jan 20, 2014

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN... more Since the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) as a principal strategy for effective malaria prevention and control, pyrethroids have been the only class of insecticides used for LLINs. The dramatic success of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and LLINs in African countries, however, has been threatened by the rapid development of pyrethroid resistance in vector mosquitoes. ITNs and LLINs are still used as effective self-protection measures, but there have been few studies on the effectiveness of ITNs and LLINs in areas where vector mosquitoes are pyrethroid-resistant. To investigate the behavioral pattern of mosquitoes in the houses where LLINs were used, indoor mosquito trappings of Anopheles gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis, and An. funestus s.s. were performed with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) miniature light trap equipped with a collection bottle rotator at 2-hour intervals between 4:00 pm and 8:00 am. The trapp...

Research paper thumbnail of A four-year follow-up of school children after mass-treatment for schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminths in Mwea, Central Kenya

Poly parasitism infections are common in school children in tropical regions, especially in Afric... more Poly parasitism infections are common in school children in tropical regions, especially in Africa. In a school based schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminths de worming model project in Mwea, Kenya, approximately 40,000 school age children from 86 schools were treated annually with a standard dose of praziquantel (40mg/kg body weight) and albendazole (400mg). A cohort of approximately 2,300 children from 5 sentinel schools were followed up at multiple time points each year for four years and examined for intestinal helminths (Schistosoma mansoni, Trichuris trichiura, Hookworm (Necator americanus) and Ascaris lumbricoides). The overall prevalence of infection in the five schools before treatment was 47.4% for S. mansoni, 16.7% for N. americanus, 0.8% for T. trichiura and 1.7% for A. lumbricoides. The mean intensity of infection, as measured by eggs per gram of faeces (epg) was 146.2 for S. mansoni, 36.3 for N. americanus 1.0 for T. trichiura and 35.8 for A. lumbricoides. After 4 rounds of treatment, prevalence of S. mansoni reduced significantly by 88.7% to 5.4% (95%CI=3.6% 7.1%), a 97.1% reduction. The prevalence and intensity of S. mansoni infection varied by school according to its proximity to irrigated area, with those schools closest to the irrigated areas presenting higher infection prevalence and intensity. Re infection with schistosomiasis following treatment was observed and is likely to reflect continued environmental transmission due to non treatment of the adult population. Soil transmitted helminths are less prevalent in the cohort, with corresponding lower intensity. This may allow albendazole treatment to be reduced to every 2 or 3 years. This study has shown that periodic administration of anthelminthic drugs reduces the prevalence and intensity (which is likely to be a close proxy of morbidity) of intestinal parasitic infections in school age children. Adults in the community could also be targeted where resources allow in order to further increasing the effectiveness of de worming programmes.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1: Table S1. of Associations between school- and household-level water, sanitation and hygiene conditions and soil-transmitted helminth infection among Kenyan school children

Multivariable associations between WASH conditions and T. trichiura infection and infection inten... more Multivariable associations between WASH conditions and T. trichiura infection and infection intensity among school children in Kenya, 2012 (n=4,931). (DOCX 108 kb)

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 3: Table S3. of Associations between school- and household-level water, sanitation and hygiene conditions and soil-transmitted helminth infection among Kenyan school children

Mean EPG of faeces by STH species for each WASH covariate among school children in Kenya, 2012 (n... more Mean EPG of faeces by STH species for each WASH covariate among school children in Kenya, 2012 (n=4,931). (DOCX 115 kb)

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 2: Table S2. of Associations between school- and household-level water, sanitation and hygiene conditions and soil-transmitted helminth infection among Kenyan school children

Prevalence of STH by species for each WASH covariate among school children in Kenya, 2012 (n=4,93... more Prevalence of STH by species for each WASH covariate among school children in Kenya, 2012 (n=4,931). (DOCX 125 kb)

Research paper thumbnail of ケニア西部（Gembe East, Mbita）におけるマラリア媒介蚊の新しいコントロール技術の開発（１）天井設置型オリセットネットの提案

Research paper thumbnail of Tidal Datum Consistency for Marine Cadastre Littoral Zone Commencement in Malaysia

SUMMARY Marine cadastre is the key in managing a complex marine administration. The rapid develop... more SUMMARY Marine cadastre is the key in managing a complex marine administration. The rapid development of coastal areas in Malaysia for economic generation activities and public interests has triggered the needs for a new system of marine administration. A tidal datum is a standard elevation defined by a certain phase of the tide. Tidal datum is also the basis for establishing privately owned land, state owned land, territorial sea, exclusive economic zone, and high seas boundaries. This paper reviews some concepts and issues pertaining to the delineation of the tidal line for marine cadastre in Malaysia. This study will assess the use of Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) as reference datum in marine cadastre. Tide data acquired from Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM) will be processed using Total Tide Solution (TOTIS) to compute the LAT as the reference datum for marine cadastre. From the tidal data observed, tidal analysis can be made on sea levels, chart datum, types of...

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of sanitation improved school latrine on latrine-related practices, perceptions attitude and occurrence of diarrhoea in children in Mwea Division, Kirinyaga District, Central Kenya

Background: School latrines in Mwea irrigation regions are unsanitary and unhygienic. School chil... more Background: School latrines in Mwea irrigation regions are unsanitary and unhygienic. School children who are the end point users of the latrines are exposed to the unhygienic conditions of the latrines and are likely to contract sanitation related diseases. School children have their outlook on the sanitation of the school latrines and they can play an important role towards programmes for improvement of sanitation in the school latrines. Objective: To determine children's perception attitude and practices about the school latrines in relation to their health experiences. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was conducted from 215 Grade Three children in three primary schools in Mwea Division of Central Kenya.Questions about washing hands after latrine use, cleaning of latrines, avoiding use of latrines and perceptions about dirty latrines in relation to occurrence of diarrhea were asked. Occurrence of diarrhoea was based on child's recall of the experience during the...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Pupils’ Knowledge and Practices Towards Prevention and Control of Tungiasis Infestation in Ugenya Sub County, Kenya

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of A13 Vegetation at Nosoko, Ishigaki-Shima affecting the predominant mosquito species : results on a survey in July 1996

Medical Entomology and Zoology, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of A12 Mosquito larva occurrence in terrace and flat type rice fields

Medical Entomology and Zoology, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of B25 Host attraction and feeding patterns of mosquitoes in a ricefield agroecosystem

Medical Entomology and Zoology, 1998

Research paper thumbnail of 10 The importance of leaf litter decay processes to container-breeding mosquito' performance

Medical Entomology and Zoology, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of a copepod predator on the survivorship and development of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Medical Entomology and Zoology, 2003

Effects of the predator Mesocyclops Pelrpeiensis (Hu) (Copepodai Cyclopoida) on the survivorship ... more Effects of the predator Mesocyclops Pelrpeiensis (Hu) (Copepodai Cyclopoida) on the survivorship and the development of a cohort of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) {Diptera: Culicidae) to pupation were examined in large (diameter =-8,5 cm and depth= 5.5 cm) and small (diameter=-3,5 cm and depth=5.5 cm) containers with leaves from the maple Acer buergerianum <Miq,> (Angiospermae: Aceraceae) as larval food. In the absence of the predator, survival was higher and developmental time shorter in the large container. M] PehPeiensis reduced the survivorship ofAe. atbopictus from 93% to 12% in the large container and from 34% to O% in the small container, Ae. albopictus larvae developed to larger size in shorter time in the large container with the predator than in those without the predator. These results indicate that the predator has both direct (reducing the number of mosquitoes) and indirect (enhancement of the fitness of survived individuals fitness) effects on mosquito populations, which may cause difficulty in mosquito control under some conditions, So, vector control operations including the use of copepods can be counterproductive with regard to potentially crucial interactions between the absence of competition, body size and its epidemiological importance in container-breeding mosquito such Ae. albopictus.

Research paper thumbnail of ケニア西部（GembeEast,Mbita）におけるマラリア媒介蚊のピレスロイド感受性に関する調査（４）行動抵抗性の有無に関する検討

Research paper thumbnail of Surface Water and Energy Budgets for Sub-Saharan Africa in GFDL Coupled Climate Model

Research paper thumbnail of ケニア西部（GembeEast,Mbita）におけるマラリア媒介蚊のピレスロイド感受性に関する調査（３）家屋内で採集した成虫から得られた次世代のピレスロイドに対する感受性

Research paper thumbnail of ケニア西部(Gembe East,Mbita)におけるマラリア媒介蚊の新しいコントロール技術の開発(2)オリセット®ネット使用家屋へのハマダラカ類の侵入と吸血パターンの検討

Research paper thumbnail of Sustaining Progress towards NTD Elimination: An Opportunity to Leverage Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Programs to Interrupt Transmission of Soil-Transmitted Helminths

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of A09 石垣島の蚊棲息環境記載の試み : リモートセンシングの導入

Medical Entomology and Zoology, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Preventive effect of permethrin-impregnated long-lasting insecticidal nets on the blood feeding of three major pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in western Kenya

Parasites & vectors, Jan 20, 2014

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN... more Since the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) as a principal strategy for effective malaria prevention and control, pyrethroids have been the only class of insecticides used for LLINs. The dramatic success of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and LLINs in African countries, however, has been threatened by the rapid development of pyrethroid resistance in vector mosquitoes. ITNs and LLINs are still used as effective self-protection measures, but there have been few studies on the effectiveness of ITNs and LLINs in areas where vector mosquitoes are pyrethroid-resistant. To investigate the behavioral pattern of mosquitoes in the houses where LLINs were used, indoor mosquito trappings of Anopheles gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis, and An. funestus s.s. were performed with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) miniature light trap equipped with a collection bottle rotator at 2-hour intervals between 4:00 pm and 8:00 am. The trapp...

Research paper thumbnail of A four-year follow-up of school children after mass-treatment for schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminths in Mwea, Central Kenya

Poly parasitism infections are common in school children in tropical regions, especially in Afric... more Poly parasitism infections are common in school children in tropical regions, especially in Africa. In a school based schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminths de worming model project in Mwea, Kenya, approximately 40,000 school age children from 86 schools were treated annually with a standard dose of praziquantel (40mg/kg body weight) and albendazole (400mg). A cohort of approximately 2,300 children from 5 sentinel schools were followed up at multiple time points each year for four years and examined for intestinal helminths (Schistosoma mansoni, Trichuris trichiura, Hookworm (Necator americanus) and Ascaris lumbricoides). The overall prevalence of infection in the five schools before treatment was 47.4% for S. mansoni, 16.7% for N. americanus, 0.8% for T. trichiura and 1.7% for A. lumbricoides. The mean intensity of infection, as measured by eggs per gram of faeces (epg) was 146.2 for S. mansoni, 36.3 for N. americanus 1.0 for T. trichiura and 35.8 for A. lumbricoides. After 4 rounds of treatment, prevalence of S. mansoni reduced significantly by 88.7% to 5.4% (95%CI=3.6% 7.1%), a 97.1% reduction. The prevalence and intensity of S. mansoni infection varied by school according to its proximity to irrigated area, with those schools closest to the irrigated areas presenting higher infection prevalence and intensity. Re infection with schistosomiasis following treatment was observed and is likely to reflect continued environmental transmission due to non treatment of the adult population. Soil transmitted helminths are less prevalent in the cohort, with corresponding lower intensity. This may allow albendazole treatment to be reduced to every 2 or 3 years. This study has shown that periodic administration of anthelminthic drugs reduces the prevalence and intensity (which is likely to be a close proxy of morbidity) of intestinal parasitic infections in school age children. Adults in the community could also be targeted where resources allow in order to further increasing the effectiveness of de worming programmes.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1: Table S1. of Associations between school- and household-level water, sanitation and hygiene conditions and soil-transmitted helminth infection among Kenyan school children

Multivariable associations between WASH conditions and T. trichiura infection and infection inten... more Multivariable associations between WASH conditions and T. trichiura infection and infection intensity among school children in Kenya, 2012 (n=4,931). (DOCX 108 kb)

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 3: Table S3. of Associations between school- and household-level water, sanitation and hygiene conditions and soil-transmitted helminth infection among Kenyan school children

Mean EPG of faeces by STH species for each WASH covariate among school children in Kenya, 2012 (n... more Mean EPG of faeces by STH species for each WASH covariate among school children in Kenya, 2012 (n=4,931). (DOCX 115 kb)

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 2: Table S2. of Associations between school- and household-level water, sanitation and hygiene conditions and soil-transmitted helminth infection among Kenyan school children

Prevalence of STH by species for each WASH covariate among school children in Kenya, 2012 (n=4,93... more Prevalence of STH by species for each WASH covariate among school children in Kenya, 2012 (n=4,931). (DOCX 125 kb)

Research paper thumbnail of ケニア西部（Gembe East, Mbita）におけるマラリア媒介蚊の新しいコントロール技術の開発（１）天井設置型オリセットネットの提案

Research paper thumbnail of Tidal Datum Consistency for Marine Cadastre Littoral Zone Commencement in Malaysia

SUMMARY Marine cadastre is the key in managing a complex marine administration. The rapid develop... more SUMMARY Marine cadastre is the key in managing a complex marine administration. The rapid development of coastal areas in Malaysia for economic generation activities and public interests has triggered the needs for a new system of marine administration. A tidal datum is a standard elevation defined by a certain phase of the tide. Tidal datum is also the basis for establishing privately owned land, state owned land, territorial sea, exclusive economic zone, and high seas boundaries. This paper reviews some concepts and issues pertaining to the delineation of the tidal line for marine cadastre in Malaysia. This study will assess the use of Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) as reference datum in marine cadastre. Tide data acquired from Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM) will be processed using Total Tide Solution (TOTIS) to compute the LAT as the reference datum for marine cadastre. From the tidal data observed, tidal analysis can be made on sea levels, chart datum, types of...

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of sanitation improved school latrine on latrine-related practices, perceptions attitude and occurrence of diarrhoea in children in Mwea Division, Kirinyaga District, Central Kenya

Background: School latrines in Mwea irrigation regions are unsanitary and unhygienic. School chil... more Background: School latrines in Mwea irrigation regions are unsanitary and unhygienic. School children who are the end point users of the latrines are exposed to the unhygienic conditions of the latrines and are likely to contract sanitation related diseases. School children have their outlook on the sanitation of the school latrines and they can play an important role towards programmes for improvement of sanitation in the school latrines. Objective: To determine children's perception attitude and practices about the school latrines in relation to their health experiences. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was conducted from 215 Grade Three children in three primary schools in Mwea Division of Central Kenya.Questions about washing hands after latrine use, cleaning of latrines, avoiding use of latrines and perceptions about dirty latrines in relation to occurrence of diarrhea were asked. Occurrence of diarrhoea was based on child's recall of the experience during the...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Pupils’ Knowledge and Practices Towards Prevention and Control of Tungiasis Infestation in Ugenya Sub County, Kenya

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of A13 Vegetation at Nosoko, Ishigaki-Shima affecting the predominant mosquito species : results on a survey in July 1996

Medical Entomology and Zoology, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of A12 Mosquito larva occurrence in terrace and flat type rice fields

Medical Entomology and Zoology, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of B25 Host attraction and feeding patterns of mosquitoes in a ricefield agroecosystem

Medical Entomology and Zoology, 1998

Research paper thumbnail of 10 The importance of leaf litter decay processes to container-breeding mosquito' performance

Medical Entomology and Zoology, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of a copepod predator on the survivorship and development of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Medical Entomology and Zoology, 2003

Effects of the predator Mesocyclops Pelrpeiensis (Hu) (Copepodai Cyclopoida) on the survivorship ... more Effects of the predator Mesocyclops Pelrpeiensis (Hu) (Copepodai Cyclopoida) on the survivorship and the development of a cohort of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) {Diptera: Culicidae) to pupation were examined in large (diameter =-8,5 cm and depth= 5.5 cm) and small (diameter=-3,5 cm and depth=5.5 cm) containers with leaves from the maple Acer buergerianum <Miq,> (Angiospermae: Aceraceae) as larval food. In the absence of the predator, survival was higher and developmental time shorter in the large container. M] PehPeiensis reduced the survivorship ofAe. atbopictus from 93% to 12% in the large container and from 34% to O% in the small container, Ae. albopictus larvae developed to larger size in shorter time in the large container with the predator than in those without the predator. These results indicate that the predator has both direct (reducing the number of mosquitoes) and indirect (enhancement of the fitness of survived individuals fitness) effects on mosquito populations, which may cause difficulty in mosquito control under some conditions, So, vector control operations including the use of copepods can be counterproductive with regard to potentially crucial interactions between the absence of competition, body size and its epidemiological importance in container-breeding mosquito such Ae. albopictus.