C. Rubbia - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by C. Rubbia
The European Physical Journal C, 2004
Choice Reviews Online, 1990
Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2004
The TRiga Accelerator-Driven Experiment (TRADE), to be performed in the TRIGA reactor of the ENEA... more The TRiga Accelerator-Driven Experiment (TRADE), to be performed in the TRIGA reactor of the ENEA-Casaccia Centre in Italy, consists of the coupling of an external proton accelerator to a target to be installed in the central channel of the reactor scrammed to subcriticality. This pilot experiment, aimed at a global demonstration of the accelerator-driven system concept, is based on an
"The goal of this accelerator complex is to provide a 10 MW proton beam for driving the Ener... more "The goal of this accelerator complex is to provide a 10 MW proton beam for driving the Energy Amplifier recently proposed by C. Rubbia [1]. It is lower (by one order of magnitude) than the requirements of most of the accelerator-ddrive projects based on c-w linacs [2]. Therefore, the requirements for the Energy Amplifier open an alternative solution based on ring cyclotrons [3], [4] producing a continous beam. Thus taking into account the present development of high-intensity cylotrons (cf. PSU [5]), a three-stage cylotron accelerator is a possible solution. It comprises:* the injector(s) which should be able to deliver a 10 mA beam in a given phase width. A solution based on two 5 mA compact isocchronous cyclotrons (CIC) working in parallel is proposed.* the intermediate stage (ISSC) which is a four-separated-sector cylotron accelerating the injected beam up to 120 MeV. * the final booster (BSSC) which has ten separate sectors and six cavities raising the kinetic energy up to...
Il Nuovo Cimento, 1958
ABSTRACT
Il Nuovo Cimento, 1960
ABSTRACT Experiments were performed to show the existence of the processes mu / sup -/ + p yields... more ABSTRACT Experiments were performed to show the existence of the processes mu / sup -/ + p yields p + e/sup -/ or mu /sup -/ + n yields n + e/sup -/ if the branching ratio (R = rate of mu /sup +/ + Cu yields Cu + e/sup -//rate of mu / sup -/ + Cu yields Ni + nu ) was larger than a few times 10/sup -6/. The 60Mev muon beam at CERN was used with 12 plastic scintillaters in an electron telescope which had a detection efficiency of 0.14 for 8-fold coincidences. A value of R < 5.9 x 10/sup -6/ with 90% corfidence level was found, in agreement with that found by Shrd et al., using a different technique. (T.R.H.)
Nuclear Physics A, 1984
Abstract Some general features of hadron-hadron collisions observed at the CERN S p pS zcollider ... more Abstract Some general features of hadron-hadron collisions observed at the CERN S p pS zcollider at √ s =540 GeV are discussed. Transverse energy flow and multiplicity distributions accompanying jet production, as well as W and Z 0 production, are compared with minimum bias events. We examine the experimental evidence, coming from the Cern S p pS collider, relevant to a possible phase transition from the hadron gas to the quark gluon plasma. Current interpretations of the anomalous behaviour observed in the multiplicity and transverse momentum spectra are discussed. The conclusion is that there are new experimental facts which favour an explanation in terms of abundance of jets in the high multiplicity region.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2005
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2001
Years of R&amp;amp;D allowed the overcoming of the main technological problems in the est... more Years of R&amp;amp;D allowed the overcoming of the main technological problems in the establishment of the ICARUS technology. A major step of the ICARUS scientific program has been the construction and testing of a 10m3 prototype, which paved the way for the ...
The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields, 2004
Physics Letters B, Jul 26, 1990
Volume 244, number 3,4 PHYSICS LETTERS B 26 July 1990 A study of the D* content of jets at the CE... more Volume 244, number 3,4 PHYSICS LETTERS B 26 July 1990 A study of the D* content of jets at the CERN pp collider UA 1 Collaboration, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Aachen - Amsterdam (NIKHEF) - Annecy (LAPP) - Birmingham - Boston - CERN - Helsinki - Kiel - Imperial College, London - Queen Mary College, London - Madrid (CIEMAT) - MIT - Padua - Paris (Colle de France) - Riverside - Rome - Rutherford Appleton Laboratory - Saclay (CEN) - UCLA - Vienna C. Albajar a, MG Albrow b, OC Allkofer ', B. Andrieu d, K. Ankoviak e, R. Apsimon b, B. ...
Il Nuovo Cimento, 1961
ABSTRACT A continuazione della ricerca descritta nella precedente comunicazione, è stato eseguito... more ABSTRACT A continuazione della ricerca descritta nella precedente comunicazione, è stato eseguito al sincrociclotrone del CERN un secondo esperimento sul processo μ−+ =e−+ frenando in una targhetta di rame il fascio ad alta intensità di mesoni μ di bassa energia sviluppato ultimamente dal gruppo di Citron. Se, come previsto teoricamente, la cattura « coerente » è nel rame almeno 6 volte più probabile di quella « incoerente », il « branching ratio » del processo (1) rispetto alla cattura ordinaria risulta inferiore a 5.9·10−6 con livello di confidenza del 90%. Questo risultato è posto in confronto con quello di un analogo esperimento eseguito a Berkeley contemporaneamente al nostro. Dalla discussione emerge l’importanza di effettuare un ulteriore esperimento di ancor più spinta sensibilità.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1985
A two liter gridded ionization chamber was built and operated repeatedly to study electron transp... more A two liter gridded ionization chamber was built and operated repeatedly to study electron transport in liquid and solid argon over distances up to 10 cm in drift fields of 0.01-2 kV/cm. A detailed analysis of the ionization pulse shape was performed, yielding information on both the degree of purity of the liquid and the electron drift velocity. Argon with
The European Physical Journal C, 2013
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1996
... IS Giugno 1991 A. Bettiiii, A. Braggiotti, F. Casagrande, P.Casoli, P.Cennini, S.Centro, M.Ch... more ... IS Giugno 1991 A. Bettiiii, A. Braggiotti, F. Casagrande, P.Casoli, P.Cennini, S.Centro, M.Cheng, A.Ciocio, S.Cittolin, D.Cline, B.Dainese, F.Gasparini ... The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that such a device is particularly suited for the detection of electrons and photons, for the ...
The European Physical Journal C, 2004
Choice Reviews Online, 1990
Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2004
The TRiga Accelerator-Driven Experiment (TRADE), to be performed in the TRIGA reactor of the ENEA... more The TRiga Accelerator-Driven Experiment (TRADE), to be performed in the TRIGA reactor of the ENEA-Casaccia Centre in Italy, consists of the coupling of an external proton accelerator to a target to be installed in the central channel of the reactor scrammed to subcriticality. This pilot experiment, aimed at a global demonstration of the accelerator-driven system concept, is based on an
"The goal of this accelerator complex is to provide a 10 MW proton beam for driving the Ener... more "The goal of this accelerator complex is to provide a 10 MW proton beam for driving the Energy Amplifier recently proposed by C. Rubbia [1]. It is lower (by one order of magnitude) than the requirements of most of the accelerator-ddrive projects based on c-w linacs [2]. Therefore, the requirements for the Energy Amplifier open an alternative solution based on ring cyclotrons [3], [4] producing a continous beam. Thus taking into account the present development of high-intensity cylotrons (cf. PSU [5]), a three-stage cylotron accelerator is a possible solution. It comprises:* the injector(s) which should be able to deliver a 10 mA beam in a given phase width. A solution based on two 5 mA compact isocchronous cyclotrons (CIC) working in parallel is proposed.* the intermediate stage (ISSC) which is a four-separated-sector cylotron accelerating the injected beam up to 120 MeV. * the final booster (BSSC) which has ten separate sectors and six cavities raising the kinetic energy up to...
Il Nuovo Cimento, 1958
ABSTRACT
Il Nuovo Cimento, 1960
ABSTRACT Experiments were performed to show the existence of the processes mu / sup -/ + p yields... more ABSTRACT Experiments were performed to show the existence of the processes mu / sup -/ + p yields p + e/sup -/ or mu /sup -/ + n yields n + e/sup -/ if the branching ratio (R = rate of mu /sup +/ + Cu yields Cu + e/sup -//rate of mu / sup -/ + Cu yields Ni + nu ) was larger than a few times 10/sup -6/. The 60Mev muon beam at CERN was used with 12 plastic scintillaters in an electron telescope which had a detection efficiency of 0.14 for 8-fold coincidences. A value of R < 5.9 x 10/sup -6/ with 90% corfidence level was found, in agreement with that found by Shrd et al., using a different technique. (T.R.H.)
Nuclear Physics A, 1984
Abstract Some general features of hadron-hadron collisions observed at the CERN S p pS zcollider ... more Abstract Some general features of hadron-hadron collisions observed at the CERN S p pS zcollider at √ s =540 GeV are discussed. Transverse energy flow and multiplicity distributions accompanying jet production, as well as W and Z 0 production, are compared with minimum bias events. We examine the experimental evidence, coming from the Cern S p pS collider, relevant to a possible phase transition from the hadron gas to the quark gluon plasma. Current interpretations of the anomalous behaviour observed in the multiplicity and transverse momentum spectra are discussed. The conclusion is that there are new experimental facts which favour an explanation in terms of abundance of jets in the high multiplicity region.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2005
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2001
Years of R&amp;amp;D allowed the overcoming of the main technological problems in the est... more Years of R&amp;amp;D allowed the overcoming of the main technological problems in the establishment of the ICARUS technology. A major step of the ICARUS scientific program has been the construction and testing of a 10m3 prototype, which paved the way for the ...
The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields, 2004
Physics Letters B, Jul 26, 1990
Volume 244, number 3,4 PHYSICS LETTERS B 26 July 1990 A study of the D* content of jets at the CE... more Volume 244, number 3,4 PHYSICS LETTERS B 26 July 1990 A study of the D* content of jets at the CERN pp collider UA 1 Collaboration, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Aachen - Amsterdam (NIKHEF) - Annecy (LAPP) - Birmingham - Boston - CERN - Helsinki - Kiel - Imperial College, London - Queen Mary College, London - Madrid (CIEMAT) - MIT - Padua - Paris (Colle de France) - Riverside - Rome - Rutherford Appleton Laboratory - Saclay (CEN) - UCLA - Vienna C. Albajar a, MG Albrow b, OC Allkofer ', B. Andrieu d, K. Ankoviak e, R. Apsimon b, B. ...
Il Nuovo Cimento, 1961
ABSTRACT A continuazione della ricerca descritta nella precedente comunicazione, è stato eseguito... more ABSTRACT A continuazione della ricerca descritta nella precedente comunicazione, è stato eseguito al sincrociclotrone del CERN un secondo esperimento sul processo μ−+ =e−+ frenando in una targhetta di rame il fascio ad alta intensità di mesoni μ di bassa energia sviluppato ultimamente dal gruppo di Citron. Se, come previsto teoricamente, la cattura « coerente » è nel rame almeno 6 volte più probabile di quella « incoerente », il « branching ratio » del processo (1) rispetto alla cattura ordinaria risulta inferiore a 5.9·10−6 con livello di confidenza del 90%. Questo risultato è posto in confronto con quello di un analogo esperimento eseguito a Berkeley contemporaneamente al nostro. Dalla discussione emerge l’importanza di effettuare un ulteriore esperimento di ancor più spinta sensibilità.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1985
A two liter gridded ionization chamber was built and operated repeatedly to study electron transp... more A two liter gridded ionization chamber was built and operated repeatedly to study electron transport in liquid and solid argon over distances up to 10 cm in drift fields of 0.01-2 kV/cm. A detailed analysis of the ionization pulse shape was performed, yielding information on both the degree of purity of the liquid and the electron drift velocity. Argon with
The European Physical Journal C, 2013
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1996
... IS Giugno 1991 A. Bettiiii, A. Braggiotti, F. Casagrande, P.Casoli, P.Cennini, S.Centro, M.Ch... more ... IS Giugno 1991 A. Bettiiii, A. Braggiotti, F. Casagrande, P.Casoli, P.Cennini, S.Centro, M.Cheng, A.Ciocio, S.Cittolin, D.Cline, B.Dainese, F.Gasparini ... The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that such a device is particularly suited for the detection of electrons and photons, for the ...