Colin Scanes - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Colin Scanes

Research paper thumbnail of Somatotroph granules of the domestic fowl: Immunocytochemical and morphiometric studies

Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 1984

Research paper thumbnail of Quantitative Studies of Chicken Somatotrophs during Growth and Development by Morphometry, Immunocytochemistry, and Flow Cytometry

General and Comparative Endocrinology, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of Values, trust and science – building trust in today's food system in an era of radical transparency

Poultry Science, 2016

Public concern exists globally about the food system and both the practices and the intensificati... more Public concern exists globally about the food system and both the practices and the intensification of animal agriculture. Examples are presented of public opinion in North America, the European Union, and the People's Republic of China. Negative perceptions increase with distance from production agriculture. Even animal science faculty members do not uniformly support present production practices. Public trust in the food system is based on consumers' or public confidence (shared values based on corporate and institutional social responsibility or their fiduciary responsibility), competence of the people or groups providing the information and the influence of others (e.g., friends and family). Producer or company discussion of issues has focused on competency and "the science" when confidence is markedly more important to consumers and more effective. It is argued that the food system largely escapes regulation by federal and state governments by a social license based on public confidence. However, a tipping point(s) exists such that a crisis could greatly diminish public confidence and end the social license and bring with it increases in regulation. Advocacy for production agriculture (poultry and livestock) needs to incorporate recognition of the need to reaffirm the public's trust, assuring shared values together with an emphasis on good science.

Research paper thumbnail of Progress in comparative endocrinology. Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Comparative Endocrinology, Malaga (Spain), 14-20 May 1989

Research paper thumbnail of Age and Breed Differences in Thyroid Hormones, Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I and IGF Binding Proteins in Female Horses 1

Research paper thumbnail of Symposium: Animal welfare challenges for today and tomorrow

Poultry science, Jan 18, 2016

The increasing separation of the public from production agriculture means there is often a lack o... more The increasing separation of the public from production agriculture means there is often a lack of knowledge among consumers about current production practices and a perception that increased productivity and economic efficiency are necessarily associated with a decline in animal welfare. A symposium was organized to present information about animal welfare issues and the challenges they pose for both scientists and the poultry and allied industries. Companion papers provide information about understanding public attitudes and physiological/immunological approaches to welfare assessment, while this paper outlines current and future challenges to egg and meat production and industry responses to those challenges. For broiler chickens, increases in growth rate result in corollary increases in metabolic heat generation and water consumption, leading to the need for continuing improvements in housing, ventilation, and litter management. Stocking densities, lighting programs, muscle myop...

Research paper thumbnail of Perspectives in World Food and Agriculture, Volume 2

ABSTRACT Abstract currently unavailable.

Research paper thumbnail of Devices and methods for growth promotion in poultry roasters

Research paper thumbnail of Endocrinology of birds. Molecular to behavioral

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of heat, cold and ether stress on the secretion of growth hormone (GH), prolactin and luteinizing hormone (LH) in immature chickens

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of chicken and rat hypothalamic extracts on prolactin secretion in the chicken

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone on the circulating growth hormone concentration in cold and heat stressed ducks

Acta veterinaria Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae

Research paper thumbnail of A possible role for cyclic AMP and calcium and potassium in the induction of growth hormone release from chicken pituitary cells

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of interrupted photoperiods on the ovulation in anoestrus mares

Journal of Animal Science

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of chicken growth hormone triidothyronine and hypophysectomy in growing domestic fowl

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of age, strain and β-adrenergic agonist on insulin sensitivity in chicks as determined by an adaptation of the euglycemia clamp

Research paper thumbnail of Ghrelin Stimulates Porcine Somatotropes

Research paper thumbnail of Feed Intake, Body Weight, Body Condition Score, Musculation, and Immunocompetence in Aged Mares Given Equine Somatotropin

Journal of Animal Science

Sixteen 20- to 26-yr-old mares were given 0, 6.25, or 12.5 mg/d equine somatotropin (eST) to dete... more Sixteen 20- to 26-yr-old mares were given 0, 6.25, or 12.5 mg/d equine somatotropin (eST) to determine whether aged mares respond to ST with changes in feed intake, body weight, body condition score (based mostly on fat cover), or immunocompetence. Neither dry matter intake, body weight, nor body condition scores were altered during the 6 wk of eST injection. However, based on photographs taken to evaluate musculation before and after treatment (scores 0 to 4), mares given eST developed greater (P < .07) muscle definition (1.8 +/- .6 and 2.5 +/- .6 for 6.25 and 12.5 mg eST/d, respectively) than control mares (.7 +/- .4). Total circulating leukocytes increased (P < .05) in both of the eST-treated groups during the 6-wk injection period, caused by an increase (P < .05) in granulocytes. Lymphocyte numbers were not altered. Granulocyte oxidative burst activity was not altered by eST treatment. Although lymphocyte proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, or lipopolysaccharide were not altered during the treatment period, lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen increased twofold in eST-treated horses at 2 wk after eST treatment. In overview, the increased musculation and the increase in granulocyte numbers in mares given eST suggest that eST supplementation may improve the health and well-being of aged mares.

Research paper thumbnail of Age and Breed Differences in Thyroid Hormones, Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I and IGF Binding Proteins in Female Horses

Journal of Animal Science

A survey with horses was conducted to determine whether plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine... more A survey with horses was conducted to determine whether plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) change as horses grow, mature sexually, and age. Jugular blood was sampled from Standardbred fillies and mares at ages 0, 1, 7, and 14 d, at 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 9 mo, and at 5 to 8 and 16 to 22 yr (n = 5 to 18). In a second survey, we measured the same variables in eight breeds of horses with markedly different adult body sizes, from Miniatures to Friesians. Plasma T3, T4, and IGF-I were determined by radioimmunoassays validated for horses, and IGFBP were estimated from radioligand assay following separation of the IGFBP by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Plasma T3 decreased (P < .01) nearly continuously from 7.9 ng/mL on the day of birth to .9 ng/mL at 6 mo, and then changed little from .7 ng/mL at 9 mo to .5 ng/mL in mares 16 to 22 yr old. Similarly, T4 declined (P < .01) from 233 ng/mL on the day of birth to 49 ng/mL at 14 d and varied from 35 to 9 ng/mL among all of the older age groups. Plasma concentrations of IGF-I increased (P < .01) from 285 ng/mL on the day of birth to 572 ng/mL at 14 d, remained relatively constant until 9 mo of age (530 ng/mL), and then declined (P < .01) to low levels (295 ng/mL) in the oldest mares. We detected six IGFBP. The two smallest IGFBP (26 and 39 kDa) were highest during the first 14 d after birth and lowest (P < .01) in aged mares. The four larger IGFBP were lowest at birth and increased to the highest values during the most rapid growth period, but these changes were not significant (P > .20). In agreement with data for other species, our data suggest that IGF-I and IGFBP modulate growth in horses. Although there were impressive interbreed differences in circulating concentrations of T3, T4, IGF-I, and IGFBP, these were not related to differences in adult body size.

Research paper thumbnail of Editorial: Conflict of interest--The case for avoidance and the principles for management

Research paper thumbnail of Somatotroph granules of the domestic fowl: Immunocytochemical and morphiometric studies

Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 1984

Research paper thumbnail of Quantitative Studies of Chicken Somatotrophs during Growth and Development by Morphometry, Immunocytochemistry, and Flow Cytometry

General and Comparative Endocrinology, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of Values, trust and science – building trust in today's food system in an era of radical transparency

Poultry Science, 2016

Public concern exists globally about the food system and both the practices and the intensificati... more Public concern exists globally about the food system and both the practices and the intensification of animal agriculture. Examples are presented of public opinion in North America, the European Union, and the People's Republic of China. Negative perceptions increase with distance from production agriculture. Even animal science faculty members do not uniformly support present production practices. Public trust in the food system is based on consumers' or public confidence (shared values based on corporate and institutional social responsibility or their fiduciary responsibility), competence of the people or groups providing the information and the influence of others (e.g., friends and family). Producer or company discussion of issues has focused on competency and "the science" when confidence is markedly more important to consumers and more effective. It is argued that the food system largely escapes regulation by federal and state governments by a social license based on public confidence. However, a tipping point(s) exists such that a crisis could greatly diminish public confidence and end the social license and bring with it increases in regulation. Advocacy for production agriculture (poultry and livestock) needs to incorporate recognition of the need to reaffirm the public's trust, assuring shared values together with an emphasis on good science.

Research paper thumbnail of Progress in comparative endocrinology. Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Comparative Endocrinology, Malaga (Spain), 14-20 May 1989

Research paper thumbnail of Age and Breed Differences in Thyroid Hormones, Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I and IGF Binding Proteins in Female Horses 1

Research paper thumbnail of Symposium: Animal welfare challenges for today and tomorrow

Poultry science, Jan 18, 2016

The increasing separation of the public from production agriculture means there is often a lack o... more The increasing separation of the public from production agriculture means there is often a lack of knowledge among consumers about current production practices and a perception that increased productivity and economic efficiency are necessarily associated with a decline in animal welfare. A symposium was organized to present information about animal welfare issues and the challenges they pose for both scientists and the poultry and allied industries. Companion papers provide information about understanding public attitudes and physiological/immunological approaches to welfare assessment, while this paper outlines current and future challenges to egg and meat production and industry responses to those challenges. For broiler chickens, increases in growth rate result in corollary increases in metabolic heat generation and water consumption, leading to the need for continuing improvements in housing, ventilation, and litter management. Stocking densities, lighting programs, muscle myop...

Research paper thumbnail of Perspectives in World Food and Agriculture, Volume 2

ABSTRACT Abstract currently unavailable.

Research paper thumbnail of Devices and methods for growth promotion in poultry roasters

Research paper thumbnail of Endocrinology of birds. Molecular to behavioral

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of heat, cold and ether stress on the secretion of growth hormone (GH), prolactin and luteinizing hormone (LH) in immature chickens

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of chicken and rat hypothalamic extracts on prolactin secretion in the chicken

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone on the circulating growth hormone concentration in cold and heat stressed ducks

Acta veterinaria Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae

Research paper thumbnail of A possible role for cyclic AMP and calcium and potassium in the induction of growth hormone release from chicken pituitary cells

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of interrupted photoperiods on the ovulation in anoestrus mares

Journal of Animal Science

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of chicken growth hormone triidothyronine and hypophysectomy in growing domestic fowl

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of age, strain and β-adrenergic agonist on insulin sensitivity in chicks as determined by an adaptation of the euglycemia clamp

Research paper thumbnail of Ghrelin Stimulates Porcine Somatotropes

Research paper thumbnail of Feed Intake, Body Weight, Body Condition Score, Musculation, and Immunocompetence in Aged Mares Given Equine Somatotropin

Journal of Animal Science

Sixteen 20- to 26-yr-old mares were given 0, 6.25, or 12.5 mg/d equine somatotropin (eST) to dete... more Sixteen 20- to 26-yr-old mares were given 0, 6.25, or 12.5 mg/d equine somatotropin (eST) to determine whether aged mares respond to ST with changes in feed intake, body weight, body condition score (based mostly on fat cover), or immunocompetence. Neither dry matter intake, body weight, nor body condition scores were altered during the 6 wk of eST injection. However, based on photographs taken to evaluate musculation before and after treatment (scores 0 to 4), mares given eST developed greater (P < .07) muscle definition (1.8 +/- .6 and 2.5 +/- .6 for 6.25 and 12.5 mg eST/d, respectively) than control mares (.7 +/- .4). Total circulating leukocytes increased (P < .05) in both of the eST-treated groups during the 6-wk injection period, caused by an increase (P < .05) in granulocytes. Lymphocyte numbers were not altered. Granulocyte oxidative burst activity was not altered by eST treatment. Although lymphocyte proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, or lipopolysaccharide were not altered during the treatment period, lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen increased twofold in eST-treated horses at 2 wk after eST treatment. In overview, the increased musculation and the increase in granulocyte numbers in mares given eST suggest that eST supplementation may improve the health and well-being of aged mares.

Research paper thumbnail of Age and Breed Differences in Thyroid Hormones, Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I and IGF Binding Proteins in Female Horses

Journal of Animal Science

A survey with horses was conducted to determine whether plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine... more A survey with horses was conducted to determine whether plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) change as horses grow, mature sexually, and age. Jugular blood was sampled from Standardbred fillies and mares at ages 0, 1, 7, and 14 d, at 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 9 mo, and at 5 to 8 and 16 to 22 yr (n = 5 to 18). In a second survey, we measured the same variables in eight breeds of horses with markedly different adult body sizes, from Miniatures to Friesians. Plasma T3, T4, and IGF-I were determined by radioimmunoassays validated for horses, and IGFBP were estimated from radioligand assay following separation of the IGFBP by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Plasma T3 decreased (P < .01) nearly continuously from 7.9 ng/mL on the day of birth to .9 ng/mL at 6 mo, and then changed little from .7 ng/mL at 9 mo to .5 ng/mL in mares 16 to 22 yr old. Similarly, T4 declined (P < .01) from 233 ng/mL on the day of birth to 49 ng/mL at 14 d and varied from 35 to 9 ng/mL among all of the older age groups. Plasma concentrations of IGF-I increased (P < .01) from 285 ng/mL on the day of birth to 572 ng/mL at 14 d, remained relatively constant until 9 mo of age (530 ng/mL), and then declined (P < .01) to low levels (295 ng/mL) in the oldest mares. We detected six IGFBP. The two smallest IGFBP (26 and 39 kDa) were highest during the first 14 d after birth and lowest (P < .01) in aged mares. The four larger IGFBP were lowest at birth and increased to the highest values during the most rapid growth period, but these changes were not significant (P > .20). In agreement with data for other species, our data suggest that IGF-I and IGFBP modulate growth in horses. Although there were impressive interbreed differences in circulating concentrations of T3, T4, IGF-I, and IGFBP, these were not related to differences in adult body size.

Research paper thumbnail of Editorial: Conflict of interest--The case for avoidance and the principles for management