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Papers by Caleb Carreño Gallardo

Microscopy and Microanalysis

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2021

In this work, the use of a rapid sintering process based on induction heating is presented. The g... more In this work, the use of a rapid sintering process based on induction heating is presented. The grain refined aluminum samples studied in this work were obtained by high-energy ball milling using pure aluminum powders. Due the high heating rate and low sintering time (minutes instead hours) caused by induction sintering, the sub-micrometric grain size of samples is preserved; which leads to an increase on the mechanical response of samples. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the sintering route on the mechanical performance of prepared samples. Microstructural characterization was developed through electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, while the mechanical response was measured through compressive and micro/macro hardness tests. Induction sintered samples showed a better mechanical response in comparison to the samples prepared by conventional sintering and a commercial alloy.

Materials Express

In this study, coatings were synthesized on simulated body fluid (SBF) in the presence of silver ... more In this study, coatings were synthesized on simulated body fluid (SBF) in the presence of silver nanoparticles on the surface of nickel-titanium archwires. The coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDS), fast Fourier transform (FFT), force spectral density (PSD) analysis, surface geometry analysis and particle distribution analysis. The results show the efficiency of the electrostatic interaction of the SBF substrate and Ag nanoparticles in the formation of the coatings. The Ag nanoparticles in the coatings had diameters of approximately 50–150 nm. The pH and temperature conditions within the solution were optimized using a static technique. The functionality of the coatings and their relationship with the dominant wavelength in the force spectral density (PSD) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) analyses; were analyzed. This method opens up a new route for the synthesis of coatings in vari...

Microscopy and Microanalysis

The expanded graphite (EG) has received much attention due to its wide potential applications rel... more The expanded graphite (EG) has received much attention due to its wide potential applications related to its large sorption capacity; it can be used for oil adsorption in spill accidents. EG is usually produced by some methods, such as liquid-phase exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, ultrasonic and microwave irradiation [1]. Commonly, EG is prepared by rapid heating of graphite intercalation compound at high temperature in a muffle or with a more advantageous procedure using microwave irradiation [2]. This work describes a method to obtain GE using an alternative route based on the Hummer methods [3]. Expanded graphite was produced from natural graphite (Gr) in flakes (mesh-10, 99.9% purity) and a mixture of concentrated reagent-grade sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide as oxidants agents. Our method implies a reduced consumption of chemicals and fewer steps, simplifying the washing procedure and generation of acid washing waters: 2.5 g Gr were mixed with 10 mL H 2 SO 4 (98%) in a Spex 8000M device for 5 min, the obtained paste was ice-cooled and 3-4 mL H 2 O 2 (30-32%) was added slowly and the mixture was kept for 8-10 h. The slurry was washed with 400-500 mL deionized water, vacuum filtered (Buchner) and the solid was dried at 60°C for 12 h. This EG was compared with a commercial product (Sigma-Aldrich #808121). Both powders were expanded in a commercial microwave oven (Frigidaire, model FMDL17S4GLW,700W) for 30 s (three cycles of 10 s heating / 10 s resting). And their performance was compared in the remediation of water contaminated with light oil (kerosene). Surface morphology and elemental composition were performed using an EDS detector in a Hitachi SU3500 microscope.

Advanced Powder Technology, 2021

Microscopy and Microanalysis

American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2013

Materials are frequently chosen for structural applications because they have desirable combinati... more Materials are frequently chosen for structural applications because they have desirable combinations of mechanical characteristics. Development of hybrid metal matrix composites has become an important area of research interest in Materials Science. In view of this, the present study focuses on the formation of aluminium-Sic-fly ash hybrid metal matrix composites. The present study was aimed at evaluating the physical properties of Aluminium 2024 in the presence of silicon carbide, fly ash and its combinations. Consequently aluminium metal matrix composite combines the strength of the reinforcement with the toughness of the matrix to achieve a combination of desirable properties not available in any single conventional material. The compositions were added up to the ultimate level and stir casting method was used for the fabrication of aluminium metal matrix composites. Structural characterization was carried out on metal matrix composites by x-ray diffraction studies and optical microscopy was used for the micro structural studies. The mechanical behaviors of metal matrix composites like density, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and hardness tests were ascertained by performing carefully designed laboratory experiments that replicate as nearly as possible the service conditions. In the presence of silicon carbide and fly ash [SiC (5%) + fly ash (10%) and fly ash (10%) + SiC (10%)] with aluminium, it was fairly observed that the density of the composites was decreased and the hardness was increased. Correspondingly, the increase in tensile strength was also observed but elongation of the hybrid metal matrix composites in comparison with unreinforced aluminium was decreased. The aluminium-SiC-fly ash hybrid metal matrix composites significantly differed in all of the properties measured. Aluminium in the presence of SiC (10%)-fly ash (10%) was the hardest instead of aluminium-SiC and cluminium-fly ash composites. The study can be further extended by evaluating the wear and corrosion of the resultant material.

Materials

Although the dry ice method used to synthesize turbostratic carbon/graphene is little known and u... more Although the dry ice method used to synthesize turbostratic carbon/graphene is little known and used, it has significant advantages over others, such as the following: it is low cost, simple, and a large quantity of material can be obtained using some inorganic and highly available acids (which can be reused). Despite the above advantages, the main reason for its incipient development is the resulting presence of magnesium oxide in the final product. In the present work, three different treatments were tested to remove this remnant using some acid chemical leaching processes, including hydrochloric acid, aqua regia, and piranha solution. Based on the experimental evidence, it was determined that using aqua regia and combining the leaching process with mechanical milling was the most efficient way of removing such a remnant, the residue being only 0.9 wt.%. This value is low compared to that obtained with the other acid leaching solutions and purification processes (2.8–29.6 wt.%). A...

Microscopy and Microanalysis

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2021

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2020

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2020

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020

Pelagic Sargassum is considered an ecological plague that is causing adverse economic impacts to ... more Pelagic Sargassum is considered an ecological plague that is causing adverse economic impacts to the tourist and fishing industries in the Caribbean. However, its proliferation might be playing an important role to reduce global warming, as it removes a high content of CO 2 from the atmosphere and transforms it into calcium carbonate, in its calcite phase, producing sediment after it dies. We quantified the amount of calcite in Sargassum samples collected from the Mexican Caribbean coast in 2019. Samples were divided into three parts: vesicles, thallus, and leaves. In each part, the amount of carbon, oxygen, and calcium was determined by means of X-ray energy dispersion to confirm the existence of a calcite crystalline phase. Imaging methodologies and IR spectroscopy complemented the structural studies. The thermogravimetric analysis determined that approximately 5% of the CO 2 captured by the Sargassum was converted into calcite. Thus, by extrapolation, the Atlantic Sargasso Belt retained approximately 19.3 million tons of CO 2 from 2011 to 2019.

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2018

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2018

The aluminum matrix composites (AMC) are an attractive group of materials with applications in au... more The aluminum matrix composites (AMC) are an attractive group of materials with applications in automotive and aerospace industries due to their higher strength and lighter weight [1]. AMC can be processed by mechanical milling (MM); this technique can disperse hard phases into the aluminum matrix achieving an enhanced on the mechanical response of samples [2]. With graphite addition in the AMC, it is possible to obtain a better mechanical performance [3, 4]. However, due to the use of high temperature and prolonged sintering time (normally associated to conventional sintering) the aluminum carbide (Al 4 C 3) phase is formed [5, 6].

Microscopy and Microanalysis

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2021

In this work, the use of a rapid sintering process based on induction heating is presented. The g... more In this work, the use of a rapid sintering process based on induction heating is presented. The grain refined aluminum samples studied in this work were obtained by high-energy ball milling using pure aluminum powders. Due the high heating rate and low sintering time (minutes instead hours) caused by induction sintering, the sub-micrometric grain size of samples is preserved; which leads to an increase on the mechanical response of samples. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the sintering route on the mechanical performance of prepared samples. Microstructural characterization was developed through electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, while the mechanical response was measured through compressive and micro/macro hardness tests. Induction sintered samples showed a better mechanical response in comparison to the samples prepared by conventional sintering and a commercial alloy.

Materials Express

In this study, coatings were synthesized on simulated body fluid (SBF) in the presence of silver ... more In this study, coatings were synthesized on simulated body fluid (SBF) in the presence of silver nanoparticles on the surface of nickel-titanium archwires. The coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDS), fast Fourier transform (FFT), force spectral density (PSD) analysis, surface geometry analysis and particle distribution analysis. The results show the efficiency of the electrostatic interaction of the SBF substrate and Ag nanoparticles in the formation of the coatings. The Ag nanoparticles in the coatings had diameters of approximately 50–150 nm. The pH and temperature conditions within the solution were optimized using a static technique. The functionality of the coatings and their relationship with the dominant wavelength in the force spectral density (PSD) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) analyses; were analyzed. This method opens up a new route for the synthesis of coatings in vari...

Microscopy and Microanalysis

The expanded graphite (EG) has received much attention due to its wide potential applications rel... more The expanded graphite (EG) has received much attention due to its wide potential applications related to its large sorption capacity; it can be used for oil adsorption in spill accidents. EG is usually produced by some methods, such as liquid-phase exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, ultrasonic and microwave irradiation [1]. Commonly, EG is prepared by rapid heating of graphite intercalation compound at high temperature in a muffle or with a more advantageous procedure using microwave irradiation [2]. This work describes a method to obtain GE using an alternative route based on the Hummer methods [3]. Expanded graphite was produced from natural graphite (Gr) in flakes (mesh-10, 99.9% purity) and a mixture of concentrated reagent-grade sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide as oxidants agents. Our method implies a reduced consumption of chemicals and fewer steps, simplifying the washing procedure and generation of acid washing waters: 2.5 g Gr were mixed with 10 mL H 2 SO 4 (98%) in a Spex 8000M device for 5 min, the obtained paste was ice-cooled and 3-4 mL H 2 O 2 (30-32%) was added slowly and the mixture was kept for 8-10 h. The slurry was washed with 400-500 mL deionized water, vacuum filtered (Buchner) and the solid was dried at 60°C for 12 h. This EG was compared with a commercial product (Sigma-Aldrich #808121). Both powders were expanded in a commercial microwave oven (Frigidaire, model FMDL17S4GLW,700W) for 30 s (three cycles of 10 s heating / 10 s resting). And their performance was compared in the remediation of water contaminated with light oil (kerosene). Surface morphology and elemental composition were performed using an EDS detector in a Hitachi SU3500 microscope.

Advanced Powder Technology, 2021

Microscopy and Microanalysis

American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2013

Materials are frequently chosen for structural applications because they have desirable combinati... more Materials are frequently chosen for structural applications because they have desirable combinations of mechanical characteristics. Development of hybrid metal matrix composites has become an important area of research interest in Materials Science. In view of this, the present study focuses on the formation of aluminium-Sic-fly ash hybrid metal matrix composites. The present study was aimed at evaluating the physical properties of Aluminium 2024 in the presence of silicon carbide, fly ash and its combinations. Consequently aluminium metal matrix composite combines the strength of the reinforcement with the toughness of the matrix to achieve a combination of desirable properties not available in any single conventional material. The compositions were added up to the ultimate level and stir casting method was used for the fabrication of aluminium metal matrix composites. Structural characterization was carried out on metal matrix composites by x-ray diffraction studies and optical microscopy was used for the micro structural studies. The mechanical behaviors of metal matrix composites like density, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and hardness tests were ascertained by performing carefully designed laboratory experiments that replicate as nearly as possible the service conditions. In the presence of silicon carbide and fly ash [SiC (5%) + fly ash (10%) and fly ash (10%) + SiC (10%)] with aluminium, it was fairly observed that the density of the composites was decreased and the hardness was increased. Correspondingly, the increase in tensile strength was also observed but elongation of the hybrid metal matrix composites in comparison with unreinforced aluminium was decreased. The aluminium-SiC-fly ash hybrid metal matrix composites significantly differed in all of the properties measured. Aluminium in the presence of SiC (10%)-fly ash (10%) was the hardest instead of aluminium-SiC and cluminium-fly ash composites. The study can be further extended by evaluating the wear and corrosion of the resultant material.

Materials

Although the dry ice method used to synthesize turbostratic carbon/graphene is little known and u... more Although the dry ice method used to synthesize turbostratic carbon/graphene is little known and used, it has significant advantages over others, such as the following: it is low cost, simple, and a large quantity of material can be obtained using some inorganic and highly available acids (which can be reused). Despite the above advantages, the main reason for its incipient development is the resulting presence of magnesium oxide in the final product. In the present work, three different treatments were tested to remove this remnant using some acid chemical leaching processes, including hydrochloric acid, aqua regia, and piranha solution. Based on the experimental evidence, it was determined that using aqua regia and combining the leaching process with mechanical milling was the most efficient way of removing such a remnant, the residue being only 0.9 wt.%. This value is low compared to that obtained with the other acid leaching solutions and purification processes (2.8–29.6 wt.%). A...

Microscopy and Microanalysis

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2021

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2020

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2020

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020

Pelagic Sargassum is considered an ecological plague that is causing adverse economic impacts to ... more Pelagic Sargassum is considered an ecological plague that is causing adverse economic impacts to the tourist and fishing industries in the Caribbean. However, its proliferation might be playing an important role to reduce global warming, as it removes a high content of CO 2 from the atmosphere and transforms it into calcium carbonate, in its calcite phase, producing sediment after it dies. We quantified the amount of calcite in Sargassum samples collected from the Mexican Caribbean coast in 2019. Samples were divided into three parts: vesicles, thallus, and leaves. In each part, the amount of carbon, oxygen, and calcium was determined by means of X-ray energy dispersion to confirm the existence of a calcite crystalline phase. Imaging methodologies and IR spectroscopy complemented the structural studies. The thermogravimetric analysis determined that approximately 5% of the CO 2 captured by the Sargassum was converted into calcite. Thus, by extrapolation, the Atlantic Sargasso Belt retained approximately 19.3 million tons of CO 2 from 2011 to 2019.

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2018

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2018

The aluminum matrix composites (AMC) are an attractive group of materials with applications in au... more The aluminum matrix composites (AMC) are an attractive group of materials with applications in automotive and aerospace industries due to their higher strength and lighter weight [1]. AMC can be processed by mechanical milling (MM); this technique can disperse hard phases into the aluminum matrix achieving an enhanced on the mechanical response of samples [2]. With graphite addition in the AMC, it is possible to obtain a better mechanical performance [3, 4]. However, due to the use of high temperature and prolonged sintering time (normally associated to conventional sintering) the aluminum carbide (Al 4 C 3) phase is formed [5, 6].