Lance Campbell - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Lance Campbell
The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1996
To introduce a rapid-acting human insulin analog, insulin lispro; to review its pharmacology, the... more To introduce a rapid-acting human insulin analog, insulin lispro; to review its pharmacology, therapeutics, pharmacokinetics, dosing guidelines, adverse effects, and drug interactions; and to summarize the clinical trials of its efficacy and safety alone and in comparison with regular human insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. A MEDLINE database search was completed to identify all relevant articles, including reviews; Eli Lilly and Co.; published articles and abstracts; and review chapters from medical textbooks. Due to the relatively few citations listed in MEDLINE (12 as of December 1995), most of the studies reported were found from abstracts summarizing the clinical action, adverse effects, or pharmacokinetics of insulin lispro in healthy volunteers or patients with diabetes mellitus. A few of the studies used patients with diabetes mellitus in multicenter, randomized, crossover trials of insulin lispro. All clinical trials that were available prior to submission of t...
The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1996
To review the clinical pharmacology of acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, and to summarize... more To review the clinical pharmacology of acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, and to summarize its role in the pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus. A MEDLINE search identified all relevant articles, including reviews; Bayer Pharmaceuticals. Due to the large number of clinical trials available, specific criteria were used to narrow the focus of this review: (1) randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study design; (2) a minimum of 25 patients enrolled per treatment arm; (3) a treatment duration of 90 days or more; and (4) adherence to Food and Drug Administration Good Clinical Practice guidelines. All clinical trials that were available up to December 1995 were reviewed. Preliminary trials and unpublished reports were not reviewed. Acarbose is effective in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia. It does not stimulate endogenous insulin secretion and, therefore, will not cause hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy. The enhanced glycemic control achieved with acar...
The Annals of …, 1996
To review the role of acarbose in the pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus. Searching MEDLINE was... more To review the role of acarbose in the pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus. Searching MEDLINE was searched for articles and reviews (no search strategy or restrictions provided), and Bayer Pharmaceuticals (drug manufacturer) was contacted. Study selection Study designs of evaluations included in the review Clinical trials adhering to the following criteria: (1) randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study design; (2) minimum of 25 patients enrolled per treatment arm; (3) treatment duration of 90 days or more; and (4) adherence to Food and Drug Administration Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Specific interventions included in the review Acarbose (alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), tolbutamide, combined acarbose and tolbutamide, metformin, sulfonylurea, insulin and placebo. Participants included in the review Patients with non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were included. Outcomes assessed in the review The outcomes assessed were haemoglobin A1c levels, fasting blood glucose levels, postprandial blood glucose (PPG) levels, postprandial triglyceride, and adverse effects (weight gain). How were decisions on the relevance of primary studies made? The authors do not state how the papers were selected for the review, or how many of the authors performed the selection. How were differences between studies investigated? Descriptions of characteristics of the studies, such as drug treatment, dosage regimen, duration of the phases of the study and patient characteristics, were provided. No measure of heterogeneity was presented.
Clinical Therapeutics, 1997
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects many aspects of the lives of diagnosed patien... more Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects many aspects of the lives of diagnosed patients and their families, the health care industry, and society. The majority of the economic literature on diabetes addresses the cost of treating diabetes but not the outcomes of clinical interventions. The primary cost of treating diabetes is related to short-term care to achieve euglycemia and long-term care associated with complications of the disease. The short-term costs of achieving euglycemia can be overshadowed by the decreased risk of long-term complications. The difficulty of providing care for a chronic disease such as diabetes arises from the high short-term costs of clinical interventions, the positive benefits of which may not be realized for many years. The results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial show a correlation between the intensive treatment of diabetes and a decreased risk of the development of long-term complications. Whether intensive treatment is practical, effective, and cost-effective in a realworld setting is a topic for further study. In the meantime, health care providers with a good knowledge of the clinical and economic elements of available therapeutic options can develop individualized care regimens for their patients with diabetes that are high quality and costeffective.
Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 1998
OBJECTIVE: To introduce troglitazone (CS-045, Rezulin), a new oral antidiabetic agent and discuss... more OBJECTIVE: To introduce troglitazone (CS-045, Rezulin), a new oral antidiabetic agent and discuss its pharmacology, therapeutics, pharmacokinetics, dosing guidelines, adverse effects, drug interactions, and clinical efficacy. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE database search was completed to identify relevant articles including reviews, recent studies and abstracts, and data from Parke-Davis. STUDY SELECTION: Due to the small number of published human studies available, some data are derived from animal studies and abstracts of human studies. Studies and abstracts chosen summarize the clinical action of troglitazone in healthy volunteers, in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, and in patients with diabetes mellitus. Three of the six published human studies used subjects in a placebo-controlled, multicenter, randomized environment (type 2 diabetic patients or obese subjects with insulin resistance). DATA EXTRACTION: All clinical trials available, including unpublished reports, were revie...
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 2000
D iabetes mellitus is a chronic disease state that affects approximately 16 million people in the... more D iabetes mellitus is a chronic disease state that affects approximately 16 million people in the US. Long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, blindness, renal failure, and nontraumatic amputations. 1 In addition, it represents a significant portion of healthcare costs, accounting for 1inevery1 in every 1inevery7 spent on health care, even though only 6% of the nation's population has the disease. The total cost of diabetes in the US is estimated to exceed $90 billion per year. 2 In recent years, several studies have shown an association between prolonged periods of euglycemia in patients with diabetes and a decreased risk of mi-crovascular complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial 3 showed the benefit of intensive treatment for patients under the age of 40 years diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. More recently, the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study showed similar findings in patients with type 2 diabetes. 4,5 In response to the need for better control of diabetes, several new classes of drugs, with a variety of mechanisms of action, were introduced in the 1990s for the treatment of diabetes. Among these are α-glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose and miglitol. Miglitol was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1996 as an adjunct to diet therapy or diet therapy plus a sulfonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1996
To introduce a rapid-acting human insulin analog, insulin lispro; to review its pharmacology, the... more To introduce a rapid-acting human insulin analog, insulin lispro; to review its pharmacology, therapeutics, pharmacokinetics, dosing guidelines, adverse effects, and drug interactions; and to summarize the clinical trials of its efficacy and safety alone and in comparison with regular human insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. A MEDLINE database search was completed to identify all relevant articles, including reviews; Eli Lilly and Co.; published articles and abstracts; and review chapters from medical textbooks. Due to the relatively few citations listed in MEDLINE (12 as of December 1995), most of the studies reported were found from abstracts summarizing the clinical action, adverse effects, or pharmacokinetics of insulin lispro in healthy volunteers or patients with diabetes mellitus. A few of the studies used patients with diabetes mellitus in multicenter, randomized, crossover trials of insulin lispro. All clinical trials that were available prior to submission of t...
The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1996
To review the clinical pharmacology of acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, and to summarize... more To review the clinical pharmacology of acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, and to summarize its role in the pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus. A MEDLINE search identified all relevant articles, including reviews; Bayer Pharmaceuticals. Due to the large number of clinical trials available, specific criteria were used to narrow the focus of this review: (1) randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study design; (2) a minimum of 25 patients enrolled per treatment arm; (3) a treatment duration of 90 days or more; and (4) adherence to Food and Drug Administration Good Clinical Practice guidelines. All clinical trials that were available up to December 1995 were reviewed. Preliminary trials and unpublished reports were not reviewed. Acarbose is effective in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia. It does not stimulate endogenous insulin secretion and, therefore, will not cause hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy. The enhanced glycemic control achieved with acar...
The Annals of …, 1996
To review the role of acarbose in the pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus. Searching MEDLINE was... more To review the role of acarbose in the pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus. Searching MEDLINE was searched for articles and reviews (no search strategy or restrictions provided), and Bayer Pharmaceuticals (drug manufacturer) was contacted. Study selection Study designs of evaluations included in the review Clinical trials adhering to the following criteria: (1) randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study design; (2) minimum of 25 patients enrolled per treatment arm; (3) treatment duration of 90 days or more; and (4) adherence to Food and Drug Administration Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Specific interventions included in the review Acarbose (alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), tolbutamide, combined acarbose and tolbutamide, metformin, sulfonylurea, insulin and placebo. Participants included in the review Patients with non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were included. Outcomes assessed in the review The outcomes assessed were haemoglobin A1c levels, fasting blood glucose levels, postprandial blood glucose (PPG) levels, postprandial triglyceride, and adverse effects (weight gain). How were decisions on the relevance of primary studies made? The authors do not state how the papers were selected for the review, or how many of the authors performed the selection. How were differences between studies investigated? Descriptions of characteristics of the studies, such as drug treatment, dosage regimen, duration of the phases of the study and patient characteristics, were provided. No measure of heterogeneity was presented.
Clinical Therapeutics, 1997
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects many aspects of the lives of diagnosed patien... more Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects many aspects of the lives of diagnosed patients and their families, the health care industry, and society. The majority of the economic literature on diabetes addresses the cost of treating diabetes but not the outcomes of clinical interventions. The primary cost of treating diabetes is related to short-term care to achieve euglycemia and long-term care associated with complications of the disease. The short-term costs of achieving euglycemia can be overshadowed by the decreased risk of long-term complications. The difficulty of providing care for a chronic disease such as diabetes arises from the high short-term costs of clinical interventions, the positive benefits of which may not be realized for many years. The results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial show a correlation between the intensive treatment of diabetes and a decreased risk of the development of long-term complications. Whether intensive treatment is practical, effective, and cost-effective in a realworld setting is a topic for further study. In the meantime, health care providers with a good knowledge of the clinical and economic elements of available therapeutic options can develop individualized care regimens for their patients with diabetes that are high quality and costeffective.
Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 1998
OBJECTIVE: To introduce troglitazone (CS-045, Rezulin), a new oral antidiabetic agent and discuss... more OBJECTIVE: To introduce troglitazone (CS-045, Rezulin), a new oral antidiabetic agent and discuss its pharmacology, therapeutics, pharmacokinetics, dosing guidelines, adverse effects, drug interactions, and clinical efficacy. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE database search was completed to identify relevant articles including reviews, recent studies and abstracts, and data from Parke-Davis. STUDY SELECTION: Due to the small number of published human studies available, some data are derived from animal studies and abstracts of human studies. Studies and abstracts chosen summarize the clinical action of troglitazone in healthy volunteers, in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, and in patients with diabetes mellitus. Three of the six published human studies used subjects in a placebo-controlled, multicenter, randomized environment (type 2 diabetic patients or obese subjects with insulin resistance). DATA EXTRACTION: All clinical trials available, including unpublished reports, were revie...
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 2000
D iabetes mellitus is a chronic disease state that affects approximately 16 million people in the... more D iabetes mellitus is a chronic disease state that affects approximately 16 million people in the US. Long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, blindness, renal failure, and nontraumatic amputations. 1 In addition, it represents a significant portion of healthcare costs, accounting for 1inevery1 in every 1inevery7 spent on health care, even though only 6% of the nation's population has the disease. The total cost of diabetes in the US is estimated to exceed $90 billion per year. 2 In recent years, several studies have shown an association between prolonged periods of euglycemia in patients with diabetes and a decreased risk of mi-crovascular complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial 3 showed the benefit of intensive treatment for patients under the age of 40 years diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. More recently, the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study showed similar findings in patients with type 2 diabetes. 4,5 In response to the need for better control of diabetes, several new classes of drugs, with a variety of mechanisms of action, were introduced in the 1990s for the treatment of diabetes. Among these are α-glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose and miglitol. Miglitol was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1996 as an adjunct to diet therapy or diet therapy plus a sulfonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes.