Carl Herbort - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Carl Herbort

Cornea, 1997

Close Window. Close Window. Thank you for choosing to subscribe to the eTOC for Cornea. Enter you... more Close Window. Close Window. Thank you for choosing to subscribe to the eTOC for Cornea. Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your ...

International ophthalmology, Jan 2, 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance, utility, and precision of enhanced d... more The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance, utility, and precision of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) versus indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in tracking any fluctuation in the activity of stromal choroiditis in response to therapeutic interventions during long-term follow-up. Patients with a diagnosis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease or birdshot retinochoroiditis (BRC), with untreated initial disease, and having had long-term follow-up, including both ICGA and EDI-OCT, were recruited at the Centre for Ophthalmic Specialised care, Lausanne, Switzerland. Angiography signs were quantified according to established dual fluorescein angiography (FA) and ICGA scoring systems for uveitis. Changes in ICGA score and EDI choroidal thickness, in response to therapeutic intervention, were assessed. In the four eyes analysed (2 BRC and 2 VKH), mean EDI-OCT choroidal thickness decreased from 672 ± 101 µm at presentation to 358.5 ± 44.5 µm in...

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilk, 1996

International ophthalmology, Jan 20, 2016

Management of diabetic retinopathy should follow more strict and aggressive rules in patients at ... more Management of diabetic retinopathy should follow more strict and aggressive rules in patients at risk for severe acute renal impairment. Such patients should be identified and possibly prophylactically laser treated to avoid the severe consequences demonstrated in this case report. A 34-year-old type 2 diabetes patient with a stabilized diabetic retinopathy developed acute and severe retinal decompensation within weeks after acute renal failure complicated his chronic stable renal impairment. Fluorescein angiographic and optical coherence tomographic illustrations of the rapid evolution of the retinal condition are presented. The patient had previously been treated with panretinal photocoagulation in his left eye. After 8 years of regular 6-monthly checked stability, he developed rapid-onset proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema in his right eye within 3 months of his last ocular check-up. Fluorescein angiography showed neovessels and major ischemic areas. Emergency p...

International ophthalmology, Jan 12, 2016

Laser flare photometry (LFP) is an objective and quantitative method to measure intraocular infla... more Laser flare photometry (LFP) is an objective and quantitative method to measure intraocular inflammation. The LFP technology was developed in Japan and has been commercially available since 1990. The aim of this work was to review the application of LFP in uveitis practice in Europe compared to Japan where the technology was born. We reviewed PubMed articles published on LFP and uveitis. Although LFP has been largely integrated in routine uveitis practice in Europe, it has been comparatively neglected in Japan and still has not received FDA approval in the USA. As LFP is the only method that provides a precise measure of intraocular inflammation, it should be used as a gold standard in uveitis centres worldwide.

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilk, 2000

Archives of Ophthalmology, Mar 1, 1992

Anterior chamber inflammation was measured in 71 eyes after argon laser trabeculoplasty with the ... more Anterior chamber inflammation was measured in 71 eyes after argon laser trabeculoplasty with the laser flare-cell meter (Kowa FC-1000). Visual acuity, tonometry, and laser flare measurement were performed before and 3, 6, and 18 hours and 2, 4, 7, 14, 30, and 90 days after argon laser trabeculoplasty. Anterior chamber inflammation peaked 2 days after argon laser trabeculoplasty. Forty-nine percent of the eyes showed significant inflammation, with a flare increase of more than 10 photon counts per millisecond over prelaser values. Inflammation was significantly more frequent in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (69%) and pigmentary glaucoma (100%) than in primary open angle glaucoma (23%). Post-argon laser trabeculoplasty relative pressure decrease was significantly more important in the group of patients with inflammation than in the group without inflammation in the early and late follow-up periods. Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory treatment (diclofenac sodium) was needed in 17 patients, who readily responded to treatment within 72 hours.

Graefe S Archive For Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Fur Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie, Feb 1, 1988

We report four cases of corneoconjunctival keratinization that were successfully treated with top... more We report four cases of corneoconjunctival keratinization that were successfully treated with topical retinoic acid ointment. In two cases keratinization was due to squamous metaplasia and in two others it was secondary to intraepithelial corneoconjunctival neoplasia. Treatment reversed severe keratinization in a case of drug-induced pseudopemphigoid and stabilized the disease in one of the two affected eyes without additional treatment. In a case of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, retinoic acid was useful as an adjuvant therapy to immunosuppression, by reversing keratinization of the conjunctiva. In two cases of corneoconjunctival neoplasia, lesions regressed markedly. Longterm treatment was well tolerated in three patients. Our findings suggest that retinoic acid ointment is effective in treating severe squamous metaplasia in cicatrizing diseases of the conjunctiva. Our findings indicate further that retinoic acid seems to inhibit growth of corneoconjunctival neoplasias and thus might be useful complementary therapy in this situation.

Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde, 1992

Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde, 1992

Ophthalmologica, Feb 1, 1998

To assess the correlation between laser flare measurements and anterior chamber IgG/albumin conce... more To assess the correlation between laser flare measurements and anterior chamber IgG/albumin concentrations in eyes with mild to severe inflammation. Seventeen eyes of 17 patients with endogenous uveitis underwent diagnostic paracentesis. IgG and albumin concentrations were determined from the samples of aqueous humor. Laser flare measurements were performed 1 h prior to paracentesis. The relationship between flare measurements and IgG/albumin concentrations was studied be plotting the data on a logarithmic scale. The flare measurement was 97.5+/-150.0 photons ms (mean +/- SD; range 4.3-528.7). The IgG concentration was 41.0+/-51.4 mg/dl mean +/- SD; range 0.2-200). The albumin concentration was 184.6+/-196.2 mg/dl (mean +/- SD; range 4-535). When plotted on a logarithmic scale, there was a statistically significant linear relationship between the flare measurements and the anterior chamber IgG or albumin concentrations (y = 1.14x-0.64, r= 0.87, p<0.001 for IgG; y = 1.39x-0.1, r= 0.94, p<0.001 for albumin). Laser flare photometry is an accurate technique for assessing anterior chamber inflammation. Flare measurements strongly correlate with blood-aqueous barrier breakdown.

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilk, 1992

British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2016

Kyrieleis retinal periarteritis reflects the severe intraocular inflammation experienced by the e... more Kyrieleis retinal periarteritis reflects the severe intraocular inflammation experienced by the eye. Its aetiology has not been well established, since only nine cases have been reported and there is no pathological study available in the literature. We determine the pathogenesis of Kyrieleis periarteritis based on interpretation of multimodal imaging findings. Charts of patients with Kyrieleis arteritis seen between 2006 and 2014 were retrieved from eight uveitis referral centres throughout the world. Follow-up ranged from 5 to 12 months. Twenty-five eyes with Kyrieleis arteritis from 25 patients were included in the study. Nineteen patients (72%) were male and six (28%) were female. Twenty-three patients were diagnosed with toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis and two patients had cytomegalovirus retinitis. Fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence and indocyanine green angiography were performed on 25/25 (100%) eyes. In eight eyes (32%), baseline spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans were performed along the segmental Kyrieleis arteritis. Fluorescein angiography showed early hypofluorescence and intermediate hyperfluorescence associated with the areas of focal arteritis, whereas indocyanine green angiography of these accumulations showed early hypofluorescence and late hyperfluorescence. Fundus autofluorescence revealed an increased autofluorescence of the vessels corresponding to the Kyrieleis plaques, while SD-OCT scans along the segmental Kyrieleis arteritis showed hyperreflectivity of the vessel wall. These imaging modalities provide in vivo, quasi-histologic images demonstrating that Kyrieleis plaques are characterised by an inflammatory involvement within the vessels' endothelium.

Graefe S Archive For Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, Feb 1, 1988

Intraocular inflammation was induced in the rat by footpad injection of salmonella endotoxin in o... more Intraocular inflammation was induced in the rat by footpad injection of salmonella endotoxin in order to study the influence of chemical inflammation mediators in this uveitis model. Ocular inflammation was assessed 1, 6, 18, 24 and 72 h after endotoxin administration as well as in control rats, by measuring aqueous protein concentration, aqueous inflammatory cell content, and pupillary diameter. Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2-alpha), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and substance P were simultaneously measured in the aqueous humor by radioimmunoassay. Inflammation parameters peaked at 18 h. TXB2 was already significantly elevated at 1 h. PGE2 peak values of 2.7 ng/ml were reached at 18 h. PGF2-alpha was never significantly raised over control values. LTB4 peaked at 18 h, together with a polymorphonuclear peak. Substance P was significantly elevated after 6 h. It is concluded that maximal uveitis in this model occurs at 18 h. TXB2 is an early mediator, and PGE2 is probably implicated in blood-ocular barrier disruption for which levels as high as 2.7 ng/ml in aqueous seem necessary. PGF2-alpha does not play a major role in this model, while LTB4 seems to be the main chemotactic factor for polymorphonuclears (PMNs) in the anterior chamber and substance P is clearly related to pupil miosis.

Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology, Feb 1, 1989

The present study reports corneal allogeneic transplantation in a rat model. The technique used w... more The present study reports corneal allogeneic transplantation in a rat model. The technique used was full-thickness penetrating keratoplasty. Fisher rats were used as donors and Lewis rats were used as recipients. The rate of acute rejection obtained in this model with this combination of strains was 100%. It therefore seems to be a very useful model for the study of rejection and for the study of new immunosuppressive treatment. The effect of systemic cyclosporine (CsA) treatment on graft rejection was assessed using this model. Rejection was prevented by CsA as long as treatment was given but occurred in most grafts within 10 days of treatment cessation. Thus, tolerance could not be induced with CsA which, however, significantly reduced graft neovascularization.

Int Ophthalmol, 2004

Behçet's uveitis is not common in western Europe ... more Behçet's uveitis is not common in western Europe and the disease presentation is less obvious than in "endemic" countries such as Turkey and Japan. This makes the diagnosis more difficult. Early diagnosis is important, as the prognosis is better if therapy is started early. New methods such as ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) can improve the characterisation and diagnosis of uveitis. Our purpose was to present our experience with these new methods as well as HLA-B51 testing in the appraisal of patients with Behçet's uveitis. Patients seen by the authors between 1997 and 2001 with Behçet's uveitis or suspected Behçet's uveitis and who underwent ICG angiography or UBM were included. Symptoms and signs, results of laboratory work-up including HLA-B51 antigen testing and the delay to diagnosis, were analysed. Fluorescein and ICG angiography and UBM testing were performed according to standard protocols used for uveitis patients and their contribution towards diagnosis and management were analysed. Uveitis was non granulomatous in all patients. Fluorescein angiography showed moderate to severe diffuse retinal vasculitis compatible with Behçet's uveitis in all cases. HLA-B51 testing was positive in 5 of 7 tested cases, being useful to orient the diagnosis. UBM contributed to the diagnosis in all five tested cases, being the determining element in 3 patients. It allowed redirection of the diagnosis from pars planitis to Behçet's in 2 patients with poorly transparent media because it failed to show the typical pars planitis deposits. In a case originally diagnosed as Behçet's it allowed correction of the diagnosis to pars planitis because of the presence of the typical UBM pars plana depositis. ICG angiography allowed detection of choroidal vasculitis in all five tested cases. In Behçet's patients who did not present with a full-blown clinical picture, as they are often seen in non-endemic areas, UBM examination and HLA-B51 testing were valuable additional diagnostic elements helping to redirect the diagnosis correctly and to reduce the diagnostic delay in these patients. The hitherto unknown choroidal vasculitis shown by ICG angiography in all five investigated patients indicates that choroidal involvement probably occurs in most newly diagnosed Behçet's patients.

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilk, 1991

Cornea, 1997

Close Window. Close Window. Thank you for choosing to subscribe to the eTOC for Cornea. Enter you... more Close Window. Close Window. Thank you for choosing to subscribe to the eTOC for Cornea. Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your ...

International ophthalmology, Jan 2, 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance, utility, and precision of enhanced d... more The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance, utility, and precision of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) versus indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in tracking any fluctuation in the activity of stromal choroiditis in response to therapeutic interventions during long-term follow-up. Patients with a diagnosis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease or birdshot retinochoroiditis (BRC), with untreated initial disease, and having had long-term follow-up, including both ICGA and EDI-OCT, were recruited at the Centre for Ophthalmic Specialised care, Lausanne, Switzerland. Angiography signs were quantified according to established dual fluorescein angiography (FA) and ICGA scoring systems for uveitis. Changes in ICGA score and EDI choroidal thickness, in response to therapeutic intervention, were assessed. In the four eyes analysed (2 BRC and 2 VKH), mean EDI-OCT choroidal thickness decreased from 672 ± 101 µm at presentation to 358.5 ± 44.5 µm in...

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilk, 1996

International ophthalmology, Jan 20, 2016

Management of diabetic retinopathy should follow more strict and aggressive rules in patients at ... more Management of diabetic retinopathy should follow more strict and aggressive rules in patients at risk for severe acute renal impairment. Such patients should be identified and possibly prophylactically laser treated to avoid the severe consequences demonstrated in this case report. A 34-year-old type 2 diabetes patient with a stabilized diabetic retinopathy developed acute and severe retinal decompensation within weeks after acute renal failure complicated his chronic stable renal impairment. Fluorescein angiographic and optical coherence tomographic illustrations of the rapid evolution of the retinal condition are presented. The patient had previously been treated with panretinal photocoagulation in his left eye. After 8 years of regular 6-monthly checked stability, he developed rapid-onset proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema in his right eye within 3 months of his last ocular check-up. Fluorescein angiography showed neovessels and major ischemic areas. Emergency p...

International ophthalmology, Jan 12, 2016

Laser flare photometry (LFP) is an objective and quantitative method to measure intraocular infla... more Laser flare photometry (LFP) is an objective and quantitative method to measure intraocular inflammation. The LFP technology was developed in Japan and has been commercially available since 1990. The aim of this work was to review the application of LFP in uveitis practice in Europe compared to Japan where the technology was born. We reviewed PubMed articles published on LFP and uveitis. Although LFP has been largely integrated in routine uveitis practice in Europe, it has been comparatively neglected in Japan and still has not received FDA approval in the USA. As LFP is the only method that provides a precise measure of intraocular inflammation, it should be used as a gold standard in uveitis centres worldwide.

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilk, 2000

Archives of Ophthalmology, Mar 1, 1992

Anterior chamber inflammation was measured in 71 eyes after argon laser trabeculoplasty with the ... more Anterior chamber inflammation was measured in 71 eyes after argon laser trabeculoplasty with the laser flare-cell meter (Kowa FC-1000). Visual acuity, tonometry, and laser flare measurement were performed before and 3, 6, and 18 hours and 2, 4, 7, 14, 30, and 90 days after argon laser trabeculoplasty. Anterior chamber inflammation peaked 2 days after argon laser trabeculoplasty. Forty-nine percent of the eyes showed significant inflammation, with a flare increase of more than 10 photon counts per millisecond over prelaser values. Inflammation was significantly more frequent in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (69%) and pigmentary glaucoma (100%) than in primary open angle glaucoma (23%). Post-argon laser trabeculoplasty relative pressure decrease was significantly more important in the group of patients with inflammation than in the group without inflammation in the early and late follow-up periods. Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory treatment (diclofenac sodium) was needed in 17 patients, who readily responded to treatment within 72 hours.

Graefe S Archive For Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Fur Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie, Feb 1, 1988

We report four cases of corneoconjunctival keratinization that were successfully treated with top... more We report four cases of corneoconjunctival keratinization that were successfully treated with topical retinoic acid ointment. In two cases keratinization was due to squamous metaplasia and in two others it was secondary to intraepithelial corneoconjunctival neoplasia. Treatment reversed severe keratinization in a case of drug-induced pseudopemphigoid and stabilized the disease in one of the two affected eyes without additional treatment. In a case of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, retinoic acid was useful as an adjuvant therapy to immunosuppression, by reversing keratinization of the conjunctiva. In two cases of corneoconjunctival neoplasia, lesions regressed markedly. Longterm treatment was well tolerated in three patients. Our findings suggest that retinoic acid ointment is effective in treating severe squamous metaplasia in cicatrizing diseases of the conjunctiva. Our findings indicate further that retinoic acid seems to inhibit growth of corneoconjunctival neoplasias and thus might be useful complementary therapy in this situation.

Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde, 1992

Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde, 1992

Ophthalmologica, Feb 1, 1998

To assess the correlation between laser flare measurements and anterior chamber IgG/albumin conce... more To assess the correlation between laser flare measurements and anterior chamber IgG/albumin concentrations in eyes with mild to severe inflammation. Seventeen eyes of 17 patients with endogenous uveitis underwent diagnostic paracentesis. IgG and albumin concentrations were determined from the samples of aqueous humor. Laser flare measurements were performed 1 h prior to paracentesis. The relationship between flare measurements and IgG/albumin concentrations was studied be plotting the data on a logarithmic scale. The flare measurement was 97.5+/-150.0 photons ms (mean +/- SD; range 4.3-528.7). The IgG concentration was 41.0+/-51.4 mg/dl mean +/- SD; range 0.2-200). The albumin concentration was 184.6+/-196.2 mg/dl (mean +/- SD; range 4-535). When plotted on a logarithmic scale, there was a statistically significant linear relationship between the flare measurements and the anterior chamber IgG or albumin concentrations (y = 1.14x-0.64, r= 0.87, p<0.001 for IgG; y = 1.39x-0.1, r= 0.94, p<0.001 for albumin). Laser flare photometry is an accurate technique for assessing anterior chamber inflammation. Flare measurements strongly correlate with blood-aqueous barrier breakdown.

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilk, 1992

British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2016

Kyrieleis retinal periarteritis reflects the severe intraocular inflammation experienced by the e... more Kyrieleis retinal periarteritis reflects the severe intraocular inflammation experienced by the eye. Its aetiology has not been well established, since only nine cases have been reported and there is no pathological study available in the literature. We determine the pathogenesis of Kyrieleis periarteritis based on interpretation of multimodal imaging findings. Charts of patients with Kyrieleis arteritis seen between 2006 and 2014 were retrieved from eight uveitis referral centres throughout the world. Follow-up ranged from 5 to 12 months. Twenty-five eyes with Kyrieleis arteritis from 25 patients were included in the study. Nineteen patients (72%) were male and six (28%) were female. Twenty-three patients were diagnosed with toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis and two patients had cytomegalovirus retinitis. Fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence and indocyanine green angiography were performed on 25/25 (100%) eyes. In eight eyes (32%), baseline spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans were performed along the segmental Kyrieleis arteritis. Fluorescein angiography showed early hypofluorescence and intermediate hyperfluorescence associated with the areas of focal arteritis, whereas indocyanine green angiography of these accumulations showed early hypofluorescence and late hyperfluorescence. Fundus autofluorescence revealed an increased autofluorescence of the vessels corresponding to the Kyrieleis plaques, while SD-OCT scans along the segmental Kyrieleis arteritis showed hyperreflectivity of the vessel wall. These imaging modalities provide in vivo, quasi-histologic images demonstrating that Kyrieleis plaques are characterised by an inflammatory involvement within the vessels' endothelium.

Graefe S Archive For Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, Feb 1, 1988

Intraocular inflammation was induced in the rat by footpad injection of salmonella endotoxin in o... more Intraocular inflammation was induced in the rat by footpad injection of salmonella endotoxin in order to study the influence of chemical inflammation mediators in this uveitis model. Ocular inflammation was assessed 1, 6, 18, 24 and 72 h after endotoxin administration as well as in control rats, by measuring aqueous protein concentration, aqueous inflammatory cell content, and pupillary diameter. Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2-alpha), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and substance P were simultaneously measured in the aqueous humor by radioimmunoassay. Inflammation parameters peaked at 18 h. TXB2 was already significantly elevated at 1 h. PGE2 peak values of 2.7 ng/ml were reached at 18 h. PGF2-alpha was never significantly raised over control values. LTB4 peaked at 18 h, together with a polymorphonuclear peak. Substance P was significantly elevated after 6 h. It is concluded that maximal uveitis in this model occurs at 18 h. TXB2 is an early mediator, and PGE2 is probably implicated in blood-ocular barrier disruption for which levels as high as 2.7 ng/ml in aqueous seem necessary. PGF2-alpha does not play a major role in this model, while LTB4 seems to be the main chemotactic factor for polymorphonuclears (PMNs) in the anterior chamber and substance P is clearly related to pupil miosis.

Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology, Feb 1, 1989

The present study reports corneal allogeneic transplantation in a rat model. The technique used w... more The present study reports corneal allogeneic transplantation in a rat model. The technique used was full-thickness penetrating keratoplasty. Fisher rats were used as donors and Lewis rats were used as recipients. The rate of acute rejection obtained in this model with this combination of strains was 100%. It therefore seems to be a very useful model for the study of rejection and for the study of new immunosuppressive treatment. The effect of systemic cyclosporine (CsA) treatment on graft rejection was assessed using this model. Rejection was prevented by CsA as long as treatment was given but occurred in most grafts within 10 days of treatment cessation. Thus, tolerance could not be induced with CsA which, however, significantly reduced graft neovascularization.

Int Ophthalmol, 2004

Behçet's uveitis is not common in western Europe ... more Behçet's uveitis is not common in western Europe and the disease presentation is less obvious than in "endemic" countries such as Turkey and Japan. This makes the diagnosis more difficult. Early diagnosis is important, as the prognosis is better if therapy is started early. New methods such as ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) can improve the characterisation and diagnosis of uveitis. Our purpose was to present our experience with these new methods as well as HLA-B51 testing in the appraisal of patients with Behçet's uveitis. Patients seen by the authors between 1997 and 2001 with Behçet's uveitis or suspected Behçet's uveitis and who underwent ICG angiography or UBM were included. Symptoms and signs, results of laboratory work-up including HLA-B51 antigen testing and the delay to diagnosis, were analysed. Fluorescein and ICG angiography and UBM testing were performed according to standard protocols used for uveitis patients and their contribution towards diagnosis and management were analysed. Uveitis was non granulomatous in all patients. Fluorescein angiography showed moderate to severe diffuse retinal vasculitis compatible with Behçet's uveitis in all cases. HLA-B51 testing was positive in 5 of 7 tested cases, being useful to orient the diagnosis. UBM contributed to the diagnosis in all five tested cases, being the determining element in 3 patients. It allowed redirection of the diagnosis from pars planitis to Behçet's in 2 patients with poorly transparent media because it failed to show the typical pars planitis deposits. In a case originally diagnosed as Behçet's it allowed correction of the diagnosis to pars planitis because of the presence of the typical UBM pars plana depositis. ICG angiography allowed detection of choroidal vasculitis in all five tested cases. In Behçet's patients who did not present with a full-blown clinical picture, as they are often seen in non-endemic areas, UBM examination and HLA-B51 testing were valuable additional diagnostic elements helping to redirect the diagnosis correctly and to reduce the diagnostic delay in these patients. The hitherto unknown choroidal vasculitis shown by ICG angiography in all five investigated patients indicates that choroidal involvement probably occurs in most newly diagnosed Behçet's patients.

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilk, 1991