Carlos Gimeno Ventura - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Carlos Gimeno Ventura

The study at hand outlines the definition and the description of an on-site Earthquake Early Warn... more The study at hand outlines the definition and the description of an on-site Earthquake Early Warning Platform (EEWP) for a bridge located in British Columbia, Canada. The primary purpose of the platform is to ensure a safe-shutdown-safe-operation of the structure during an earthquake. We assume that the client, who obviously pays for the platform, requires at least some leading time (TW) to secure the bridge and stop the inbound traffic. Our approach begins by proposing a framework — named Client-oriented Automatic Deciding Concept, Cadence in short, that portraits the underlying hardware and software to detect the earthquakes and react accordingly in an automated manner. The key contribution of the Cadence abstraction is that it encapsulates the tolerance of the client to falsepositive and false-negative alarm in one probabilistic quantity (δ); the more tolerant is the client to the false alarm, the larger the quantity is. The proper selection of δ requires structural dynamic analy...

Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per resp... more Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022

This paper describes the development of a mechatronic punch and bind office machine. Integrating ... more This paper describes the development of a mechatronic punch and bind office machine. Integrating smart technologies in the existing traditional business machines will ease the evolution of these systems, enabling productivity and efficiency. The development of an experimental platform that enables further advances in servitization is required. To increase the binding rate of the office document, as well as to reduce the likelihood of errors, efforts have been made to develop a measuring system that allows the document to be properly measured and specifies the appropriate binding spine at the same time. As a complement, developments have been conducted in a system that enables the verification of the inserted spine. In addition, a system for automated document binding along with an integrated platform that allows the communication between all systems is presented. In both its hardware design and its underlying sensors, the new system has several advantages, providing significant perf...

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2003

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a comparative study of various techniques ... more The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a comparative study of various techniques for evaluating bridge dynamic properties from experimental data. The paper presents a review and synthesis of the work presented in a developed session of the International Modal ...

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

A modular four storey, two by two bay steel frame of about 1:4 scale was recently acquired by the... more A modular four storey, two by two bay steel frame of about 1:4 scale was recently acquired by the Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory at the University of British Columbia. It will be used for research and education projects on the behaviour of steel frames under different loading conditions caused by earthquakes. The modular nature of the frame permits the investigation of different configurations, mass distributions or the inclusion of special elements like dampers or base isolators. The frame was specifically designed to fit on the UBC multi-axis shake table, a state-of-the-art facility for seismic testing and qualification. This paper reports on the calibration procedure, both experimental and analytical, that was carried out to determine the dynamic properties of the frame. Impact and ambient vibration tests were used to determine fundamental frequencies and mode shapes, which were then compared to calculated values from a linear elastic analysis. The stiffness of frame connections was shown to be one of the most significant variables, while the torsional modes proved to be the most sensitive to program input parameters.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 2013

Plunge milling is used increasingly in the manufacture of molds and dies for opening pockets due ... more Plunge milling is used increasingly in the manufacture of molds and dies for opening pockets due to its advantages over end milling. Because it is a rough operation, it involves high material removal rates and strong cutting forces. In this context, this article reports on a study of the static and dynamic behaviors of the forces involved in the process. In addition, a cutting force model is developed based on the kinematics of the process and the tool’s special features to predict the mean forces generated during the plunge operation. Low sensitivity of the static force components of tool flank wear and minor influence of the system on the dynamic behavior of the process are observed. The model shows good agreement with experimental results.

Molecular Ecology, 2010

Some species of sea urchins feature large variation in pigmentation. This variability may be the ... more Some species of sea urchins feature large variation in pigmentation. This variability may be the result of phenotypic plasticity, or it may be associated with genetic divergence between morphs. Paracentrotus gaimardi exhibits five colour morphs (pink, brown, green, grey and black), which often occur within the same locality. We studied genetic divergence between these morphs in three populations on the coast of Brazil. The entire mitochondrial ATPase 8-6 mitochondrial genes, a fragment of the intron of a nuclear histone and the entire nuclear gene coding for the sperm protein bindin were analyzed. Mitochondrial DNA was differentiated between the pink and all other morphs, but the histone intron was similar in all colour morphs. In bindin, nine codons were found to be under positive selection and significant differences of allelic frequencies were observed in almost all pairwise comparisons between colour morphs. Although the molecular differentiation in bindin is not large enough to suggest reproductive isolation, some degree of assortative mating within morphs seems to be occurring in this species.

Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2013

Marine Biology, 2002

Reproduction of Asterina stellifera was studied in two populations from the Cabo Frio region, sou... more Reproduction of Asterina stellifera was studied in two populations from the Cabo Frio region, southeastern Brazil. One was located in an intertidal seagrass fiat at Japonrs Island (1994-1995); the second was on a sublittoral rocky shore at Pontal beaches (1999-2000). Reproductive cycle was studied at monthly intervals by organ indices and histological examinations of gonads. Although these two populations were studied in different habitats and at different times, the periodicity of the annual reproductive cycle was very similar for the two populations. The highest goaad index (GI) values were found in August/September (late winter), followed by a drop in GI values, indicating spawning. The GI and pyloric caeca index (PCI) tended to have an inverse relationship in both populations, but it was only statistically significant in the rocky-shore population. Gametogenesis in the two populations was described and roughly confirmed the reproductive cycles determined by GIs.

Marine Biology, 2011

Cassiduloids are currently rare irregular echinoids with a highly conserved adult morphology. Ari... more Cassiduloids are currently rare irregular echinoids with a highly conserved adult morphology. Aristotle's lantern is present only during the post-metamorphic stage, and little is known about the early development of species in this group. Cassidulus mitis produces eggs of about 375 lm in diameter, lecithotrophic larvae with four reduced arms with skeletal fenestrated rods, cilia along the body surface, and a ciliated band on arms and lobes. Offspring is brooded among the female spines from embryo to settler's stage. The echinopluteus larval stage is reached 6 days after fertilization, and the settler's stage is formed at the age of 17 days. Aristotle's lantern appears around the thirteenth day of development. The lantern is well developed and functional in settlers. It remains until at least 62 days after fertilization and can be used to acquire food from the environment. The early development of C. mitis is unusual concerning features of typical lecithotrophic larvae (such as reduced arms), but retains some features of planktotrophic larvae (such as skeletal rods and a ciliated band). Regarding egg size, early development in C. mitis seems to be transitioning from facultative lecithotrophic to typical obligate lecithotrophic pattern in echinoid larval evolution. Communicated by M. Byrne.

This paper presents the results of a joint time-frequency analysis of the Sheraton Universal Hote... more This paper presents the results of a joint time-frequency analysis of the Sheraton Universal Hotel in the Los Angeles area. The strong motion data analyzed in this study was obtained from the 1971 San Fernando and the 1994 Northridge earthquakes. An earlier study showed that the fundamental natural frequencies of the Sheraton were significantly different when calculated from the response recorded during the two earthquakes. In an attempt to explain this result a joint time-frequency analysis was conducted using the Short Time-Fourier Transform. A function similar to the Frequency Response Function was developed to facilitate this study. The analysis shows that the dominant frequencies of the Sheraton remained relatively stationary during both earthquakes and thus it can be inferred that the building suffered no change in stiffness during either earthquake.

Journal of Structural Engineering, 2003

Journal of Structural Engineering, 1988

Journal of Structural Engineering, 1985

ABSTRACT Following a brief view of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) method of analyzing the d... more ABSTRACT Following a brief view of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) method of analyzing the dynamic response of linear structures, the limitations and principal sources of potential inaccuracies of this approach are identified, and an evaluation is made of the nature and magnitudes of the errors that may result. Two versions of a modification are then presented which dramatically improve the efficiency of the DFT procedure, and the relative merits of the two techniques are examined. The concepts involved are developed by reference to single-degree-of-freedom systems, and they are illustrated with the aid of judiciously selected numerical solutions.

Journal of Structural Engineering, 1991

The results from dynamic analyses by computer of an existing 13-story steel moment resisting fram... more The results from dynamic analyses by computer of an existing 13-story steel moment resisting frame building are presented. The computed dynamic properties and response behaviors are compared to the true values as determined from the recorded motions in the building during two actual earthquakes. It is shown that state-of-practice design type analytical models can predict the actual dynamic properties. The influence of various modeling features on the computed seismic responses is demonstrated via sample response spectrum analyses using the SEAOC spectrum. The actual building time-history seismic response exhibited amplitude modulation, which is shown to be caused by coupled modes having closely spaced periods. It is shown that design-type analytical models can reasonably capture the true seismic response of the study building provided the excitation levels are such that the building responds primarily in a linear-elastic manner.

Earthquake Spectra, 1992

The authors investigate the seismic behavior of an existing base isolated building and interpret ... more The authors investigate the seismic behavior of an existing base isolated building and interpret its recorded response to the 1990 Upland California earthquake. They formulate a linear-elastic model that accurately represents the building during the earthquake and infer its response behaviors. Additional analyses using severe earthquake excitations demonstrate the building behavior in major events and hypothetical seismic gap pounding situations. Key findings include the following: • The Upland earthquake resulted in relatively low intensity shaking at the site, and the building did not exhibit a classic soft story effect in the isolation system. • A linear-elastic model can accurately idealize the building during this event. • Under major earthquake excitation, base isolation can lead to peak story drifts, shears, overturning moments, and accelerations that are much smaller than those of nonisolated buildings. • Pounding at seismic gaps can produce large story drifts, shears and ac...

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 1984

After reviewing briefly a recently proposed procedure for evaluating the dynamic transient respon... more After reviewing briefly a recently proposed procedure for evaluating the dynamic transient response of a classically damped linear system from its corresponding steady-state response, a modified procedure is presented which also appears to be highly efficient for non-classically damped systems of the type encountered in studies of soil-structure interaction. The concepts involved are developed by reference to viscously damped single-degree-of-freedom systems, and numerical solutions are included to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed procedure and its superiority over the classical Discrete Fourier Transform approach.

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 1986

A critical, textbook-like review of the generalized modal superposition method of evaluating the ... more A critical, textbook-like review of the generalized modal superposition method of evaluating the dynamic response of nonclassically damped linear systems is presented, which it is hoped will increase the attractiveness of the method to structural engineers and its application in structural engineering practice and research. Special attention is given to identifying the physical significance of the various elements of the solution and to simplifying its implementation. It is shown that the displacements of a nonclassically damped n-degree-of-freedom system may be expressed as a linear combination of the displacements and velocities of n similarly excited single-degree-of-freedom systems, and that once the natural frequencies of vibration of the system have been determined, its response to an arbitrary excitation may be computed with only minimal computational effort beyond that required for the analysis of a classically damped system of the same size. The concepts involved are illustrated by a series of exqmples, and comprehensive numerical data for a three-degree-offreedom system are presented which elucidate the effects of several important parameters. The exact solutions for the system are also compared over a wide range of conditions with those computed approximately considering the system to be classically damped, and the interrelationship of two sets of solutions is discussed.

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 1986

ABSTRACT A recently proposed procedure for interrelating the steady-state and transient responses... more ABSTRACT A recently proposed procedure for interrelating the steady-state and transient responses of multi-degree-of-freedom, classically damped linear systems is extended to non-classically damped systems. The extension is formulated for baseexcited systems, and it is illustrated by simple examples.

The study at hand outlines the definition and the description of an on-site Earthquake Early Warn... more The study at hand outlines the definition and the description of an on-site Earthquake Early Warning Platform (EEWP) for a bridge located in British Columbia, Canada. The primary purpose of the platform is to ensure a safe-shutdown-safe-operation of the structure during an earthquake. We assume that the client, who obviously pays for the platform, requires at least some leading time (TW) to secure the bridge and stop the inbound traffic. Our approach begins by proposing a framework — named Client-oriented Automatic Deciding Concept, Cadence in short, that portraits the underlying hardware and software to detect the earthquakes and react accordingly in an automated manner. The key contribution of the Cadence abstraction is that it encapsulates the tolerance of the client to falsepositive and false-negative alarm in one probabilistic quantity (δ); the more tolerant is the client to the false alarm, the larger the quantity is. The proper selection of δ requires structural dynamic analy...

Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per resp... more Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022

This paper describes the development of a mechatronic punch and bind office machine. Integrating ... more This paper describes the development of a mechatronic punch and bind office machine. Integrating smart technologies in the existing traditional business machines will ease the evolution of these systems, enabling productivity and efficiency. The development of an experimental platform that enables further advances in servitization is required. To increase the binding rate of the office document, as well as to reduce the likelihood of errors, efforts have been made to develop a measuring system that allows the document to be properly measured and specifies the appropriate binding spine at the same time. As a complement, developments have been conducted in a system that enables the verification of the inserted spine. In addition, a system for automated document binding along with an integrated platform that allows the communication between all systems is presented. In both its hardware design and its underlying sensors, the new system has several advantages, providing significant perf...

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2003

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a comparative study of various techniques ... more The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a comparative study of various techniques for evaluating bridge dynamic properties from experimental data. The paper presents a review and synthesis of the work presented in a developed session of the International Modal ...

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

A modular four storey, two by two bay steel frame of about 1:4 scale was recently acquired by the... more A modular four storey, two by two bay steel frame of about 1:4 scale was recently acquired by the Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory at the University of British Columbia. It will be used for research and education projects on the behaviour of steel frames under different loading conditions caused by earthquakes. The modular nature of the frame permits the investigation of different configurations, mass distributions or the inclusion of special elements like dampers or base isolators. The frame was specifically designed to fit on the UBC multi-axis shake table, a state-of-the-art facility for seismic testing and qualification. This paper reports on the calibration procedure, both experimental and analytical, that was carried out to determine the dynamic properties of the frame. Impact and ambient vibration tests were used to determine fundamental frequencies and mode shapes, which were then compared to calculated values from a linear elastic analysis. The stiffness of frame connections was shown to be one of the most significant variables, while the torsional modes proved to be the most sensitive to program input parameters.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 2013

Plunge milling is used increasingly in the manufacture of molds and dies for opening pockets due ... more Plunge milling is used increasingly in the manufacture of molds and dies for opening pockets due to its advantages over end milling. Because it is a rough operation, it involves high material removal rates and strong cutting forces. In this context, this article reports on a study of the static and dynamic behaviors of the forces involved in the process. In addition, a cutting force model is developed based on the kinematics of the process and the tool’s special features to predict the mean forces generated during the plunge operation. Low sensitivity of the static force components of tool flank wear and minor influence of the system on the dynamic behavior of the process are observed. The model shows good agreement with experimental results.

Molecular Ecology, 2010

Some species of sea urchins feature large variation in pigmentation. This variability may be the ... more Some species of sea urchins feature large variation in pigmentation. This variability may be the result of phenotypic plasticity, or it may be associated with genetic divergence between morphs. Paracentrotus gaimardi exhibits five colour morphs (pink, brown, green, grey and black), which often occur within the same locality. We studied genetic divergence between these morphs in three populations on the coast of Brazil. The entire mitochondrial ATPase 8-6 mitochondrial genes, a fragment of the intron of a nuclear histone and the entire nuclear gene coding for the sperm protein bindin were analyzed. Mitochondrial DNA was differentiated between the pink and all other morphs, but the histone intron was similar in all colour morphs. In bindin, nine codons were found to be under positive selection and significant differences of allelic frequencies were observed in almost all pairwise comparisons between colour morphs. Although the molecular differentiation in bindin is not large enough to suggest reproductive isolation, some degree of assortative mating within morphs seems to be occurring in this species.

Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2013

Marine Biology, 2002

Reproduction of Asterina stellifera was studied in two populations from the Cabo Frio region, sou... more Reproduction of Asterina stellifera was studied in two populations from the Cabo Frio region, southeastern Brazil. One was located in an intertidal seagrass fiat at Japonrs Island (1994-1995); the second was on a sublittoral rocky shore at Pontal beaches (1999-2000). Reproductive cycle was studied at monthly intervals by organ indices and histological examinations of gonads. Although these two populations were studied in different habitats and at different times, the periodicity of the annual reproductive cycle was very similar for the two populations. The highest goaad index (GI) values were found in August/September (late winter), followed by a drop in GI values, indicating spawning. The GI and pyloric caeca index (PCI) tended to have an inverse relationship in both populations, but it was only statistically significant in the rocky-shore population. Gametogenesis in the two populations was described and roughly confirmed the reproductive cycles determined by GIs.

Marine Biology, 2011

Cassiduloids are currently rare irregular echinoids with a highly conserved adult morphology. Ari... more Cassiduloids are currently rare irregular echinoids with a highly conserved adult morphology. Aristotle's lantern is present only during the post-metamorphic stage, and little is known about the early development of species in this group. Cassidulus mitis produces eggs of about 375 lm in diameter, lecithotrophic larvae with four reduced arms with skeletal fenestrated rods, cilia along the body surface, and a ciliated band on arms and lobes. Offspring is brooded among the female spines from embryo to settler's stage. The echinopluteus larval stage is reached 6 days after fertilization, and the settler's stage is formed at the age of 17 days. Aristotle's lantern appears around the thirteenth day of development. The lantern is well developed and functional in settlers. It remains until at least 62 days after fertilization and can be used to acquire food from the environment. The early development of C. mitis is unusual concerning features of typical lecithotrophic larvae (such as reduced arms), but retains some features of planktotrophic larvae (such as skeletal rods and a ciliated band). Regarding egg size, early development in C. mitis seems to be transitioning from facultative lecithotrophic to typical obligate lecithotrophic pattern in echinoid larval evolution. Communicated by M. Byrne.

This paper presents the results of a joint time-frequency analysis of the Sheraton Universal Hote... more This paper presents the results of a joint time-frequency analysis of the Sheraton Universal Hotel in the Los Angeles area. The strong motion data analyzed in this study was obtained from the 1971 San Fernando and the 1994 Northridge earthquakes. An earlier study showed that the fundamental natural frequencies of the Sheraton were significantly different when calculated from the response recorded during the two earthquakes. In an attempt to explain this result a joint time-frequency analysis was conducted using the Short Time-Fourier Transform. A function similar to the Frequency Response Function was developed to facilitate this study. The analysis shows that the dominant frequencies of the Sheraton remained relatively stationary during both earthquakes and thus it can be inferred that the building suffered no change in stiffness during either earthquake.

Journal of Structural Engineering, 2003

Journal of Structural Engineering, 1988

Journal of Structural Engineering, 1985

ABSTRACT Following a brief view of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) method of analyzing the d... more ABSTRACT Following a brief view of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) method of analyzing the dynamic response of linear structures, the limitations and principal sources of potential inaccuracies of this approach are identified, and an evaluation is made of the nature and magnitudes of the errors that may result. Two versions of a modification are then presented which dramatically improve the efficiency of the DFT procedure, and the relative merits of the two techniques are examined. The concepts involved are developed by reference to single-degree-of-freedom systems, and they are illustrated with the aid of judiciously selected numerical solutions.

Journal of Structural Engineering, 1991

The results from dynamic analyses by computer of an existing 13-story steel moment resisting fram... more The results from dynamic analyses by computer of an existing 13-story steel moment resisting frame building are presented. The computed dynamic properties and response behaviors are compared to the true values as determined from the recorded motions in the building during two actual earthquakes. It is shown that state-of-practice design type analytical models can predict the actual dynamic properties. The influence of various modeling features on the computed seismic responses is demonstrated via sample response spectrum analyses using the SEAOC spectrum. The actual building time-history seismic response exhibited amplitude modulation, which is shown to be caused by coupled modes having closely spaced periods. It is shown that design-type analytical models can reasonably capture the true seismic response of the study building provided the excitation levels are such that the building responds primarily in a linear-elastic manner.

Earthquake Spectra, 1992

The authors investigate the seismic behavior of an existing base isolated building and interpret ... more The authors investigate the seismic behavior of an existing base isolated building and interpret its recorded response to the 1990 Upland California earthquake. They formulate a linear-elastic model that accurately represents the building during the earthquake and infer its response behaviors. Additional analyses using severe earthquake excitations demonstrate the building behavior in major events and hypothetical seismic gap pounding situations. Key findings include the following: • The Upland earthquake resulted in relatively low intensity shaking at the site, and the building did not exhibit a classic soft story effect in the isolation system. • A linear-elastic model can accurately idealize the building during this event. • Under major earthquake excitation, base isolation can lead to peak story drifts, shears, overturning moments, and accelerations that are much smaller than those of nonisolated buildings. • Pounding at seismic gaps can produce large story drifts, shears and ac...

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 1984

After reviewing briefly a recently proposed procedure for evaluating the dynamic transient respon... more After reviewing briefly a recently proposed procedure for evaluating the dynamic transient response of a classically damped linear system from its corresponding steady-state response, a modified procedure is presented which also appears to be highly efficient for non-classically damped systems of the type encountered in studies of soil-structure interaction. The concepts involved are developed by reference to viscously damped single-degree-of-freedom systems, and numerical solutions are included to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed procedure and its superiority over the classical Discrete Fourier Transform approach.

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 1986

A critical, textbook-like review of the generalized modal superposition method of evaluating the ... more A critical, textbook-like review of the generalized modal superposition method of evaluating the dynamic response of nonclassically damped linear systems is presented, which it is hoped will increase the attractiveness of the method to structural engineers and its application in structural engineering practice and research. Special attention is given to identifying the physical significance of the various elements of the solution and to simplifying its implementation. It is shown that the displacements of a nonclassically damped n-degree-of-freedom system may be expressed as a linear combination of the displacements and velocities of n similarly excited single-degree-of-freedom systems, and that once the natural frequencies of vibration of the system have been determined, its response to an arbitrary excitation may be computed with only minimal computational effort beyond that required for the analysis of a classically damped system of the same size. The concepts involved are illustrated by a series of exqmples, and comprehensive numerical data for a three-degree-offreedom system are presented which elucidate the effects of several important parameters. The exact solutions for the system are also compared over a wide range of conditions with those computed approximately considering the system to be classically damped, and the interrelationship of two sets of solutions is discussed.

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 1986

ABSTRACT A recently proposed procedure for interrelating the steady-state and transient responses... more ABSTRACT A recently proposed procedure for interrelating the steady-state and transient responses of multi-degree-of-freedom, classically damped linear systems is extended to non-classically damped systems. The extension is formulated for baseexcited systems, and it is illustrated by simple examples.