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Papers by Carlos Montalvo

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 10438590903016294, Dec 2, 2009

Revista Facultad De Salud De La Universidad Surcolombiana, Sep 1, 2012

International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management, 2009

El principal tema, pero no el único, de los estudios contenidos en este libro versa sobre la maqu... more El principal tema, pero no el único, de los estudios contenidos en este libro versa sobre la maquila y el medio ambiente en la frontera norte de México. Esta industria de ensamblaje ha presentado un dinamismo extraordinario y se ha constituido en el eslabón de integración más directo entre las economías de México y Estados Unidos. El efecto de esta actividad sobre el medio ambiente se ha discutido bastante, aunque ha sido poco estudiado hasta ahora, en parte a causa de la carencia de información idónea sistematizada. Los distintos capítulos que conforman este volumen abordan la relación entre la maquila y el medio ambiente desde distintos ángulos, a veces contrapuestos, pero que muestran el estado actual de la discusión. En el primer capítulo el enfoque se centra en el uso no sustentable de recursos naturales en la zona urbana semiárida fronteriza del norte de México y la presión que impone la maquila, sobre el frágil entorno ambiental en el que se establece. La gran escasez de agua...

Journal of Cleaner Production

The diffusion of cleaner technologies has been acknowledged to potentially be an important multip... more The diffusion of cleaner technologies has been acknowledged to potentially be an important multiplier of economic growth in the 21st century. Innovation in cleaner production has been reported to bring not only environmental gains but also increases in productivity. Despite such gains, the pace of diffusion is expected to be slow in the next two decades. Thus, policy makers still find highly problematic how best to promote the adoption of new cleaner technologies. In the field of innovation studies the diffusion of inventions and technologies have been widely studied in the last forty years yielding valuable knowledge and insight for innovation policy. Two dominant diffusion model families emerged after this period, the epidemic and rational choice models. The first mainly looks at rate and total amount of adoption in a given population in a time period. The second family intends to explore why and when the adoption might occur. Today it has been acknowledged, that although both fam...

This paper discusses the channels between openness and productivity and trade hampering factors. ... more This paper discusses the channels between openness and productivity and trade hampering factors. The stylized facts from the heterogeneous firms literature suggests that firms face market entry costs for each new product they export and to each new export market. Transport costs, border costs and retail and wholesale distribution costs might add up to 170% of the export value, but formal import tariffs and duties are relatively unimportant. The results by the Observatory of European SMEs survey, which has firm-level data for the whole European Union confirm this result. Lack of knowledge on export markets and regulations in other countries are important trade barriers for European firms. From these outcomes it could be derived that EU trade policies should be directed to deep integration with other countries, preferably by implementing internal market policies for goods and services trade and foreign direct investment. These policies can deal with reducing regulations heterogeneity,...

This chapter provides a review of the evolution of the process of greening the chemical industry.... more This chapter provides a review of the evolution of the process of greening the chemical industry. It explains the concept of greening industries, fi rms and technologies followed by a brief note on business strategy and its relation to “greening”. Next, a historical account on the relation between the chemical industry and the environment is presented. The core part of this chapter is about the different stages of corporate greening evolution in chemicals, ranging from pollution control and prevention, eco-effi ciency and corporate environmental responsibility to more radical approaches of sustainable manufacturing and eco-innovation. Finally, a refl ection is made upon the challenges this industry has in the view of the most pressing environmental issues of modern industries. A number of cases are used to illustrate the process of greening of this industry in the fi elds of end-of-pipe technologies, eco-effi ciency best practices, eco-design, and renewable chemicals. A comprehensiv...

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015

The overall objective of this study is to identify market and regulation/policy factors (e.g. com... more The overall objective of this study is to identify market and regulation/policy factors (e.g. competition, consumer behaviour, access to finance, product, standards, etc.) that hamper or drive innovative activities in the nine sectors under consideration (biotechnology, electrical and optical equipment, automotive, space and aeronautics, construction, wholesale and retail trade, knowledge intensive services, food and drink, textile). The study aims to gauge the importance of the different factors in the propensity of firms to innovate. In addition, this study aims to make a distinction between generic factors (influencing innovation in a similar way across sectors) and sector-specific factors. This work has been prepared under the contract between the European Commission – DG Enterprise and Industry - and TNO for the Europe INNOVA Sectoral Innovation Watch.

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 10438590903016294, Dec 2, 2009

Revista Facultad De Salud De La Universidad Surcolombiana, Sep 1, 2012

International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management, 2009

El principal tema, pero no el único, de los estudios contenidos en este libro versa sobre la maqu... more El principal tema, pero no el único, de los estudios contenidos en este libro versa sobre la maquila y el medio ambiente en la frontera norte de México. Esta industria de ensamblaje ha presentado un dinamismo extraordinario y se ha constituido en el eslabón de integración más directo entre las economías de México y Estados Unidos. El efecto de esta actividad sobre el medio ambiente se ha discutido bastante, aunque ha sido poco estudiado hasta ahora, en parte a causa de la carencia de información idónea sistematizada. Los distintos capítulos que conforman este volumen abordan la relación entre la maquila y el medio ambiente desde distintos ángulos, a veces contrapuestos, pero que muestran el estado actual de la discusión. En el primer capítulo el enfoque se centra en el uso no sustentable de recursos naturales en la zona urbana semiárida fronteriza del norte de México y la presión que impone la maquila, sobre el frágil entorno ambiental en el que se establece. La gran escasez de agua...

Journal of Cleaner Production

The diffusion of cleaner technologies has been acknowledged to potentially be an important multip... more The diffusion of cleaner technologies has been acknowledged to potentially be an important multiplier of economic growth in the 21st century. Innovation in cleaner production has been reported to bring not only environmental gains but also increases in productivity. Despite such gains, the pace of diffusion is expected to be slow in the next two decades. Thus, policy makers still find highly problematic how best to promote the adoption of new cleaner technologies. In the field of innovation studies the diffusion of inventions and technologies have been widely studied in the last forty years yielding valuable knowledge and insight for innovation policy. Two dominant diffusion model families emerged after this period, the epidemic and rational choice models. The first mainly looks at rate and total amount of adoption in a given population in a time period. The second family intends to explore why and when the adoption might occur. Today it has been acknowledged, that although both fam...

This paper discusses the channels between openness and productivity and trade hampering factors. ... more This paper discusses the channels between openness and productivity and trade hampering factors. The stylized facts from the heterogeneous firms literature suggests that firms face market entry costs for each new product they export and to each new export market. Transport costs, border costs and retail and wholesale distribution costs might add up to 170% of the export value, but formal import tariffs and duties are relatively unimportant. The results by the Observatory of European SMEs survey, which has firm-level data for the whole European Union confirm this result. Lack of knowledge on export markets and regulations in other countries are important trade barriers for European firms. From these outcomes it could be derived that EU trade policies should be directed to deep integration with other countries, preferably by implementing internal market policies for goods and services trade and foreign direct investment. These policies can deal with reducing regulations heterogeneity,...

This chapter provides a review of the evolution of the process of greening the chemical industry.... more This chapter provides a review of the evolution of the process of greening the chemical industry. It explains the concept of greening industries, fi rms and technologies followed by a brief note on business strategy and its relation to “greening”. Next, a historical account on the relation between the chemical industry and the environment is presented. The core part of this chapter is about the different stages of corporate greening evolution in chemicals, ranging from pollution control and prevention, eco-effi ciency and corporate environmental responsibility to more radical approaches of sustainable manufacturing and eco-innovation. Finally, a refl ection is made upon the challenges this industry has in the view of the most pressing environmental issues of modern industries. A number of cases are used to illustrate the process of greening of this industry in the fi elds of end-of-pipe technologies, eco-effi ciency best practices, eco-design, and renewable chemicals. A comprehensiv...

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015

The overall objective of this study is to identify market and regulation/policy factors (e.g. com... more The overall objective of this study is to identify market and regulation/policy factors (e.g. competition, consumer behaviour, access to finance, product, standards, etc.) that hamper or drive innovative activities in the nine sectors under consideration (biotechnology, electrical and optical equipment, automotive, space and aeronautics, construction, wholesale and retail trade, knowledge intensive services, food and drink, textile). The study aims to gauge the importance of the different factors in the propensity of firms to innovate. In addition, this study aims to make a distinction between generic factors (influencing innovation in a similar way across sectors) and sector-specific factors. This work has been prepared under the contract between the European Commission – DG Enterprise and Industry - and TNO for the Europe INNOVA Sectoral Innovation Watch.