Carlos Ruiz - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Carlos Ruiz

Viral metagenomics has contributed enormously to the characterization of a wide range of viruses ... more Viral metagenomics has contributed enormously to the characterization of a wide range of viruses infecting animals of all phyla in the last decades. Among Neotropical primates, especially those free-living introduced, knowledge about viral diversity remains poorly studied. Therefore, through the use of metagenomics based on virus enrichment, we explored the viral microbiota present in the feces of introduced common marmosets (Callithrix sp.) in three locations from the Silva Jardim region in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Fecal samples were collected from nine marmosets, pooled into three sample pools and sequenced on Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequence reads were analyzed using a viral metagenomic analysis pipeline and two novel insect viruses belonging to the Parvoviridae and Baculoviridae families were identified. The complete genome of a densovirus (Parvoviridae family) of 5,309 nucleotides (nt) was obtained. The NS1 and VP1 proteins share lower than 32% sequence identity wi...

As condições do cativeiro têm influência na fisiologia e comportamento dos animais. Uma das forma... more As condições do cativeiro têm influência na fisiologia e comportamento dos animais. Uma das formas de garantir o bem-estar dos cativos é através do enriquecimento ambiental, que fornece métodos e procedimentos que modificam o ambiente físico ou social do cativeiro. O bem-estar animal caracteriza-se pela manutenção do indivíduo, garantindo que este tenha acesso à alimentação, água, conforto, melhorias ambientais e prevenção de doenças infecciosas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse projeto é aplicar técnicas de enriquecimento ambiental para Callithrix penicillata e Callithrix jacchus, com o intuito de verificar se o enriquecimento promovera um aumento no bem-estar dos indivíduos. A atual forma dos bebedouros de água dos recintos é no formato de pote, estando sujeito à deposição de fezes, urina e restos de comida, podendo comprometer a saúde dos animais. Um novo bebedouro esta sendo utilizado, este possui o formato de garrafa, com uma adaptação para a ingestão de água, impedindo o acúmul...

Zoo Biology, 1998

ABSTRACT In this study we assessed the extent of psychological attachment between male cheetahs l... more ABSTRACT In this study we assessed the extent of psychological attachment between male cheetahs living in same sex pairs in zoos by recording the behavior and vocalizations of two male coalitions (siblings and nonsiblings) during four experimental separations and reunions of each coalition. Both coalitions showed higher vocalization rates and walking rates during separations than during reunions, and during separations cheetahs spent less time resting and more time vocalizing, walking, or standing than during baseline observations. Compared to the nonsibling coalition, the sibling coalition showed a significantly higher vocalization rate during separations and more affiliative behavior during reunions. The most common calls emitted during separations were chirps, followed by eeaows and stutters. The chirps showed the highest level of individual distinctiveness. Eeaows comprised a significantly higher percentage of the calls during separations for nonsiblings that for siblings. The only vocalization heard during reunion was the stutter. We hypothesize that chirps emitted during separations communicate desire to reunite, individual identity, and have a structure that facilitates locating the caller. The results of this study suggest that male cheetahs, both sibling and nonsibling, develop strong psychological attachments to each other. The separation of existing coalitions can create stressful conditions for coalition members. We suggest that raising and maintaining coalitions of male cheetahs in coalitions in zoos is a viable husbandry technique. Zoo Biol 17:1–16, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Primates, 2020

Callitrichidae is a unique primate family not only in terms of the large number of food transfers... more Callitrichidae is a unique primate family not only in terms of the large number of food transfers to infants but also for the prevalence of transfers that are initiated by the adults. It has been hypothesized that, as well as provisioning infants, callitrichid food transfers might function to teach the receiver what food types to eat. If food provisioning has a teaching function, we would expect successful food transfers to be more likely with food types that are novel to the juveniles. We would also expect juveniles to learn about foods from those transfers. We introduced different types of food (some familiar, some novel) to wild groups of golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia). While novel foods were not more successfully transferred than familiar food in the experiment, transfers were more successful (i.e., the receiver obtained food) when the donor had previous experience with that food. Moreover, we found evidence suggesting that food transfers influenced the future for...

International Journal of Primatology, 2018

Many animals emit calls in the presence of food, but researchers do not always know the function ... more Many animals emit calls in the presence of food, but researchers do not always know the function of these calls. Evidence suggests that adult golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia) use food-offering calls to teach juveniles which substrate (i.e., microhabitat) to forage on, or in, for food. However, we do not yet know whether juveniles learn from this aspect of the adults' behavior. Here we examine whether juveniles learn to associate food-offering calls with a foraging substrate, as a step toward assessing whether these calls qualify as teaching behavior. We compared the performance of four wild juvenile golden lion tamarins that were introduced to a novel substrate while exposed to playbacks of food-offering calls (experimental condition) to the performance of three juveniles that were exposed to the novel substrate without the presence of food-offering playbacks (control condition). We varied the location of the novel substrate between trials. We found that food-offering calls had an immediate effect on juveniles' interactions with the novel substrate, whether they inserted their hands into the substrate and their eating behavior, and a long-term effect on eating behavior at the substrate. The findings imply that juvenile golden lion tamarins can learn through food-offering calls about the availability of food at a substrate, which is consistent with (but does not prove) teaching in golden lion tamarins through stimulus enhancement. Our findings support the hypothesis that teaching might be more likely to evolve in cooperatively breeding species with complex ecological niches.

Austral Ecology, 2018

Ecological networks describe the interactions between species, the underlying structure of commun... more Ecological networks describe the interactions between species, the underlying structure of communities, the function and stability of ecosystems. To date, network analyses have been extensively applied to understand mutualistic and antagonistic interactions, but few have examined commensal interactions, particularly in neotropical regions. The inselbergs of southeastern Brazil are considered one of the three most important regions in the world in terms of terrestrial species diversity and endemism but are poorly studied. In this study, we constructed the first epiphyte-phorophyte commensalistic network in a Brazilian inselberg and examined its structure and robustness to simulated species loss. A total of 138 phorophyte individuals belonging to eight species were observed in 20 2 m × 50 m transects, interacting with 5,039 individuals of vascular epiphytes belonging to 85 species. The epiphyte-phorophyte network structure exhibited a low degree of specilization (H2'), low connectance and robustness; when the most connected phorophyte species were sequentially removed the number of secondary extinctions was high, based on robustness metrics. One generalist phorophyte, Pseudobombax sp. nov., was particularly important, hosting a high number of epiphyte species. A single phorophyte individual of Pseudobombax supported 46% of the total richness of the epiphyte community studied. Our results demonstrate that the richness and abundance of epiphytes were correlated with phorophyte size (as mensured by the DBH, diameter at breast height), probably due to increased habitat area and the time available for colonization. We conclude that phorophyte size and species identuty are important factors for predicting the structure of epiphyte-phorophyte interaction networks. 2 We discuss the conservation implications of phorophyte loss and secondary extinctions of epiphytes in Atlantic Forest inselbergs.

Pubvet, 2011

Esta revisão apresenta informações sobre o efeito da domesticação no comportamento dos animais de... more Esta revisão apresenta informações sobre o efeito da domesticação no comportamento dos animais de produção. Tem por objetivo comparar as algumas definições de domesticação, descrever os fatores que a influenciaram e descrever o comportamento reprodutivo, materno, alimentar e social.

Ciência Rural, 2009

O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicabilidade, para búfalos (Bubalus bubalis), de testes... more O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicabilidade, para búfalos (Bubalus bubalis), de testes de avaliação de temperamento, utilizados para bovinos. Foram avaliados os testes de docilidade, teste de reação a objetos novos, de tronco e de isolamento social em 12 bezerros e suas 12 mães, separadamente. Tanto os bezerros como suas mães responderam a todos os testes com vários comportamentos. Para os bezerros e as mães, os testes que promoveram maior número de comportamentos foram o de tronco e de reação a objetos novos. Houve diferenças individuais (coeficiente de variação de 32-51%) nos resultados de todos os testes tanto nos bezerros como nas mães. Os resultados individuais, em testes de isolamento social e de reação a objetos novos apresentaram correlação positiva tanto com as mães (rs = 0,76, P< 0,01) quanto com os bezerros (rs = 0,66, P< 0,01). Baseados em sensibilidade, relevância e aplicabilidade, o teste de isolamento social e o teste de tronco podem ser sugeridos par...

Zoologia (Curitiba), 2010

Studies of birds and primates have shown that long distance communication depends on the acoustic... more Studies of birds and primates have shown that long distance communication depends on the acoustic structure of the vocalization, the sound propagation properties of the environment and on aspects of the biology and behavior of the species such as auditory perception and call repetition rate (RICHARDS &

Conservation Biology, 2009

Espaço & Geografia, 2011

... Daniel Gomes Pereira1,2; Maria Elaine Araújo de Oliveira2 &amp; Carlos Ramón Ruiz-Mir... more ... Daniel Gomes Pereira1,2; Maria Elaine Araújo de Oliveira2 &amp; Carlos Ramón Ruiz-Miranda3 ... 103 durante apenas uma parte do ano (correspondente ao inverno). Ruiz-Miranda et al. ... 505-512. COIMBRA-FILHO, AF; VALLADARES-PADUA, CB; SILVA, RR; PISSINATTI, A. ...

Scientific Reports, 2019

The golden lion tamarin is an endangered primate endemic to Brazil’s Atlantic Forest. Centuries o... more The golden lion tamarin is an endangered primate endemic to Brazil’s Atlantic Forest. Centuries of deforestation reduced numbers to a few hundred individuals in isolated forest fragments 80 km from Rio de Janeiro city. Intensive conservation action including reintroduction of zoo-born tamarins into forest fragments 1984–2000, increased numbers to about 3,700 in 2014. Beginning in November 2016, southeastern Brazil experienced the most severe yellow fever epidemic/epizootic in the country in 80 years. In May 2018, we documented the first death of a golden lion tamarin due to yellow fever. We re-evaluated population sizes and compared them to results of a census completed in 2014. Tamarin numbers declined 32%, with ca. 2,516 individuals remaining in situ. Tamarin losses were significantly greater in forest fragments that were larger, had less forest edge and had better forest connectivity, factors that may favor the mosquito vectors of yellow fever. The future of golden lion tamarins ...

The Wilson Journal of Ornithology

Additional file of Mitogenomic phylogeny of Callithrix with special focus on human transferred taxa

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Maximum-likelihood (ML) tree showing phylogenetic relationships amo... more Additional file 2: Figure S1. Maximum-likelihood (ML) tree showing phylogenetic relationships among Callithrix haplotypes as calculated from mitogenome sequences. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap support for a given node, otherwise node bootstrap support was 100%. Haplotype colors at tips correspond to the 'Species and Hybrid Phenotypes' legend, and indicate phenotypes associated with each given haplotype. Figure S2. Bayesian tree showing phylogenetic relationships among Callithrix species and hybrid haplotypes from mitogeomes sequences. Numbers at nodes indicate posterior probability for a given node, otherwise node posterior probability was 1. Haplotype colors at tips correspond to the 'Species and Hybrid Phenotypes' legend, and indicate phenotypes associated with each given haplotype. Figure S3. BEAST tree showing phylogenetic relationships and divergence ages in million years (Ma) among Callithrix haplotypes and other New World primates as calculated from mito...

Additional file 1: Table S1. Metadata for newly collected samples as well as primate mitogenome s... more Additional file 1: Table S1. Metadata for newly collected samples as well as primate mitogenome sequences obtained from GenBank. The 'Sample' column gives ID of each new sampled individual or the species for sequences obtained from previous studies. The 'Accession' column gives GenBank accession numbers for each sequence, the 'Assembly Method This Study' column states the manner in which new Callithrix mitogenomes were sequenced and assembled (S=Sanger; N=NOVOPlasty2.6.4). The 'Phenotype' column indicates whether the sampled individual possessed a pure species or hybrid phenotype, and capital letters in parentheses next to C. penicillata x C. geoffroyi category are specific phenotype classifications following Figure 5 in Fuzessy et al. (2014). The 'mtDNA Genome Lineage' column indicates phylogenetic classification of the mitogenome of the sampled individual. The 'Sampling Location' column indicates where each individual was sampled. Ne...

The aim of our study was to understand the hunting activity of guinea pigs (Cavia sp.) in Campos ... more The aim of our study was to understand the hunting activity of guinea pigs (Cavia sp.) in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil, and gather information on the marketing of this animals. We used interview techniques to apply questionnaires, as well as a participant observation. We interviewed 14 hunters and one owner of a business that sells the meat of this species, and participated in a hunt. This type of hunting was reported by the subjects as being predominantly commercial in the city, although it also presents some cultural aspects. All informants revealed that they are aware it is an illegal activity, and attribute the responsibility for supervising and restraining this practice in the county to IBAMA.

Scientific Reports, 2021

The Brazilian buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita), one of the world’s most endangered p... more The Brazilian buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita), one of the world’s most endangered primates, is threatened by anthropogenic hybridization with exotic, invasive marmoset species. As there are few genetic data available for C. aurita, we developed a PCR-free protocol with minimal technical requirements to rapidly generate genomic data with genomic skimming and portable nanopore sequencing. With this direct DNA sequencing approach, we successfully determined the complete mitogenome of a marmoset that we initially identified as C. aurita. The obtained nanopore-assembled sequence was highly concordant with a Sanger sequenced version of the same mitogenome. Phylogenetic analyses unexpectedly revealed that our specimen was a cryptic hybrid, with a C. aurita phenotype and C. penicillata mitogenome lineage. We also used publicly available mitogenome data to determine diversity estimates for C. aurita and three other marmoset species. Mitogenomics holds great potential to address...