Carlton Heine - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Carlton Heine

Annals of Emergency Medicine, Apr 1, 2008

Chest, Jul 1, 2005

* From the Department of Medicine (Dr. Mularski), Veterans Affiars Greater Los Angeles Healthcare... more * From the Department of Medicine (Dr. Mularski), Veterans Affiars Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Emergency Medicine (Dr. Heine), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Medicine (Dr. Osborne), Division of ...

Journal of Theoretical Biology, May 1, 2001

Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1996

The Journal of Experimental Biology, Mar 1, 1990

The Journal of Experimental Biology, Apr 1, 1992

The distribution of dynamic pressure behind a Harris ' hawk's wing was sampled using a ... more The distribution of dynamic pressure behind a Harris ' hawk's wing was sampled using a wake rake consisting of 15 pitot tubes and one static tube. The hawk was holding on to a perch, but at an air speed and gliding angle at which it was capable of gliding. The perch was instrumented, so that the lift developed by the wing was known and the lift coefficient could be calculated. The mean of 92 estimates of profile drag coefficient was 0.0207, with standard deviation 0.0079. Lift coef-ficients ranged from 0.51 to 1.08. Reynolds numbers were nearly all in the range 143000-194000. The estimates of profile drag coefficient were reconcilable with previous estimates of the wing profile drag of the same bird, obtained by the subtractive method, and also with values predicted by the 'Airfoil-ii ' program for designing aerofoils, based on a digitized wing profile from the ulnar region of the wing. The thickness of the wake suggested that the boundary layer was mostly or ful...

The Journal of Experimental Biology, 1992

The distribution of dynamic pressure behind a Harris9 hawk9s wing was sampled using a wake rake c... more The distribution of dynamic pressure behind a Harris9 hawk9s wing was sampled using a wake rake consisting of 15 pitot tubes and one static tube. The hawk was holding on to a perch, but at an air speed and gliding angle at which it was capable of gliding. The perch was instrumented, so that the lift developed by the wing was known and the lift coefficient could be calculated. The mean of 92 estimates of profile drag coefficient was 0.0207, with standard deviation 0.0079. Lift coefficients ranged from 0.51 to 1.08. Reynolds numbers were nearly all in the range 143000–194000. The estimates of profile drag coefficient were reconcilable with previous estimates of the wing profile drag of the same bird, obtained by the subtractive method, and also with values predicted by the ‘Airfoil-ii’ program for designing aerofoils, based on a digitized wing profile from the ulnar region of the wing. The thickness of the wake suggested that the boundary layer was mostly or fully turbulent in most ob...

The two main resistances in the exchange of gases between plants and the atmosphere are stomatal ... more The two main resistances in the exchange of gases between plants and the atmosphere are stomatal and boundary layer resistances. We modeled boundary layer dynamics over glabrous and pubescent leaves (assuming non-exchanging trichomes) with leaf lengths varying from 0.01 to 0.2 m, and windspeeds of 0.1}5.0 m s~1. Results from theoretical and semi-empirical formulae were compared. As expected, boundary layer thickness decreased with decreasing leaf length and increasing windspeed. The presence of trichomes increased leaf surface roughness, resulting in lowered Reynolds numbers at which the boundary layer became turbulent. This e!ect is especially important at low windspeeds and over small leaves, where the Reynolds number over glabrous surfaces would be low. We derived a new simple dimensionless number, the trip factor, to distinguish "eld conditions that would lead to a turbulent boundary layer based on the in#uence of trichomes. Because modeled rates of CO 2 and H 2 O v exchang...

Marine Ecology Progress Series

Journal of Experimental Biology

1. A Harris' hawk with a mass of 0.702 kg and a maximum wing span of 1.02 m glided freely in ... more 1. A Harris' hawk with a mass of 0.702 kg and a maximum wing span of 1.02 m glided freely in a wind tunnel at air speeds between 6.1 and 16.2ms−1. The glide angle varied from 8.5% at the slowest speed to a minimum of 5% at speeds between 8.0 and 14.7 ms−1. The maximum ratio of lift to drag was 10.9 and the minimum sinking speed was 0.81ms−1 2. Wing span decreased when either air speed or glide angle increased. Wing area was a parabolic function of wing span 3. Lift and profile drag coefficients of the wings fell in a polar area similar to that for a laggar falcon (Falco jugger) and a black vulture (Coragyps atratus). A single polar curve relating lift coefficients to minimum profile drag coefficients can predict the maximum gliding performance of all three birds when used with a mathematical model for gliding flight 4. The parasite drag values that have been used with the model are probably too high. Thus, the profile drag coefficients determined from the polar curve mentioned a...

Chest, 2005

* From the Department of Medicine (Dr. Mularski), Veterans Affiars Greater Los Angeles Healthcare... more * From the Department of Medicine (Dr. Mularski), Veterans Affiars Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Emergency Medicine (Dr. Heine), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Medicine (Dr. Osborne), Division of ...

Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2008

Chest, 2005

To explore the quality of the dying experience and associations to higher quality ratings for peo... more To explore the quality of the dying experience and associations to higher quality ratings for people who died in an ICU. Retrospective study using medical record review and surveys of family members with the Quality of Dying and Death (QODD) instrument. Four ICUs affiliated with a university and a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Ninety-four family members of 38 ICU decedents. We explored associations between components of the ICU experience and the overall rating of the quality of the dying experience. Overall, family members reported that symptoms were poorly controlled: pain under control most or all of the time in 47%, and breathing comfortably most or all of the time in 3% of patients. Families expressed a moderate and variable view of the quality of dying resulting in an overall ICU QODD score of 60 +/- 14 (on a scale of 0 to 100) [mean +/- SD]. Higher ICU QODD scores were associated with control of pain (r = 0.42, p = 0.009), control of events (r = 0.62, p < 0.001), a &quo...

Journal of Experimental Biology

Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2001

Annals of Emergency Medicine, Apr 1, 2008

Chest, Jul 1, 2005

* From the Department of Medicine (Dr. Mularski), Veterans Affiars Greater Los Angeles Healthcare... more * From the Department of Medicine (Dr. Mularski), Veterans Affiars Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Emergency Medicine (Dr. Heine), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Medicine (Dr. Osborne), Division of ...

Journal of Theoretical Biology, May 1, 2001

Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1996

The Journal of Experimental Biology, Mar 1, 1990

The Journal of Experimental Biology, Apr 1, 1992

The distribution of dynamic pressure behind a Harris ' hawk's wing was sampled using a ... more The distribution of dynamic pressure behind a Harris ' hawk's wing was sampled using a wake rake consisting of 15 pitot tubes and one static tube. The hawk was holding on to a perch, but at an air speed and gliding angle at which it was capable of gliding. The perch was instrumented, so that the lift developed by the wing was known and the lift coefficient could be calculated. The mean of 92 estimates of profile drag coefficient was 0.0207, with standard deviation 0.0079. Lift coef-ficients ranged from 0.51 to 1.08. Reynolds numbers were nearly all in the range 143000-194000. The estimates of profile drag coefficient were reconcilable with previous estimates of the wing profile drag of the same bird, obtained by the subtractive method, and also with values predicted by the 'Airfoil-ii ' program for designing aerofoils, based on a digitized wing profile from the ulnar region of the wing. The thickness of the wake suggested that the boundary layer was mostly or ful...

The Journal of Experimental Biology, 1992

The distribution of dynamic pressure behind a Harris9 hawk9s wing was sampled using a wake rake c... more The distribution of dynamic pressure behind a Harris9 hawk9s wing was sampled using a wake rake consisting of 15 pitot tubes and one static tube. The hawk was holding on to a perch, but at an air speed and gliding angle at which it was capable of gliding. The perch was instrumented, so that the lift developed by the wing was known and the lift coefficient could be calculated. The mean of 92 estimates of profile drag coefficient was 0.0207, with standard deviation 0.0079. Lift coefficients ranged from 0.51 to 1.08. Reynolds numbers were nearly all in the range 143000–194000. The estimates of profile drag coefficient were reconcilable with previous estimates of the wing profile drag of the same bird, obtained by the subtractive method, and also with values predicted by the ‘Airfoil-ii’ program for designing aerofoils, based on a digitized wing profile from the ulnar region of the wing. The thickness of the wake suggested that the boundary layer was mostly or fully turbulent in most ob...

The two main resistances in the exchange of gases between plants and the atmosphere are stomatal ... more The two main resistances in the exchange of gases between plants and the atmosphere are stomatal and boundary layer resistances. We modeled boundary layer dynamics over glabrous and pubescent leaves (assuming non-exchanging trichomes) with leaf lengths varying from 0.01 to 0.2 m, and windspeeds of 0.1}5.0 m s~1. Results from theoretical and semi-empirical formulae were compared. As expected, boundary layer thickness decreased with decreasing leaf length and increasing windspeed. The presence of trichomes increased leaf surface roughness, resulting in lowered Reynolds numbers at which the boundary layer became turbulent. This e!ect is especially important at low windspeeds and over small leaves, where the Reynolds number over glabrous surfaces would be low. We derived a new simple dimensionless number, the trip factor, to distinguish "eld conditions that would lead to a turbulent boundary layer based on the in#uence of trichomes. Because modeled rates of CO 2 and H 2 O v exchang...

Marine Ecology Progress Series

Journal of Experimental Biology

1. A Harris' hawk with a mass of 0.702 kg and a maximum wing span of 1.02 m glided freely in ... more 1. A Harris' hawk with a mass of 0.702 kg and a maximum wing span of 1.02 m glided freely in a wind tunnel at air speeds between 6.1 and 16.2ms−1. The glide angle varied from 8.5% at the slowest speed to a minimum of 5% at speeds between 8.0 and 14.7 ms−1. The maximum ratio of lift to drag was 10.9 and the minimum sinking speed was 0.81ms−1 2. Wing span decreased when either air speed or glide angle increased. Wing area was a parabolic function of wing span 3. Lift and profile drag coefficients of the wings fell in a polar area similar to that for a laggar falcon (Falco jugger) and a black vulture (Coragyps atratus). A single polar curve relating lift coefficients to minimum profile drag coefficients can predict the maximum gliding performance of all three birds when used with a mathematical model for gliding flight 4. The parasite drag values that have been used with the model are probably too high. Thus, the profile drag coefficients determined from the polar curve mentioned a...

Chest, 2005

* From the Department of Medicine (Dr. Mularski), Veterans Affiars Greater Los Angeles Healthcare... more * From the Department of Medicine (Dr. Mularski), Veterans Affiars Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Emergency Medicine (Dr. Heine), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Medicine (Dr. Osborne), Division of ...

Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2008

Chest, 2005

To explore the quality of the dying experience and associations to higher quality ratings for peo... more To explore the quality of the dying experience and associations to higher quality ratings for people who died in an ICU. Retrospective study using medical record review and surveys of family members with the Quality of Dying and Death (QODD) instrument. Four ICUs affiliated with a university and a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Ninety-four family members of 38 ICU decedents. We explored associations between components of the ICU experience and the overall rating of the quality of the dying experience. Overall, family members reported that symptoms were poorly controlled: pain under control most or all of the time in 47%, and breathing comfortably most or all of the time in 3% of patients. Families expressed a moderate and variable view of the quality of dying resulting in an overall ICU QODD score of 60 +/- 14 (on a scale of 0 to 100) [mean +/- SD]. Higher ICU QODD scores were associated with control of pain (r = 0.42, p = 0.009), control of events (r = 0.62, p < 0.001), a &quo...

Journal of Experimental Biology

Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2001