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Papers by Carmine Scarpitta

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management

Software-Defined Wide Area Networks (SD-WANs) are used to provide services to enterprises with ge... more Software-Defined Wide Area Networks (SD-WANs) are used to provide services to enterprises with geographically dispersed locations in a flexible and efficient way. We focus on SD-WAN services based on the Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) technology. Performance Monitoring solutions are needed in SD-WANs to detect performance degradation and outages, and optimize network operations. In this paper, we describe a high performance solution for end-to-end delay monitoring for SRv6 based SD-WAN services. The proposed solution leverages the Simple Two-way Active Measurement Protocol (STAMP) to monitor the delay of an SRv6 path between two nodes called STAMP Session-Sender and Session-Reflector. We describe three implementations of the STAMP Session-Sender and Session-Reflector for a Linux software router and compare their performance. In particular, two implementations are based on user space processing and one is based on eBPF. The results show that the eBPF-based implementation outperforms the user space implementations and has a negligible impact on the forwarding capacity of the Linux software router.

arXiv (Cornell University), Dec 23, 2022

Software-Defined Wide Area Networks (SD-WANs) are used to provide services to enterprises with ge... more Software-Defined Wide Area Networks (SD-WANs) are used to provide services to enterprises with geographically dispersed locations in a flexible and efficient way. We focus on SD-WAN services based on the Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) technology. Performance Monitoring solutions are needed in SD-WANs to detect performance degradation and outages, and optimize network operations. In this paper, we describe a high performance solution for end-to-end delay monitoring for SRv6 based SD-WAN services. The proposed solution leverages the Simple Two-way Active Measurement Protocol (STAMP) to monitor the delay of an SRv6 path between two nodes called STAMP Session-Sender and Session-Reflector. We describe three implementations of the STAMP Session-Sender and Session-Reflector for a Linux software router and compare their performance. In particular, two implementations are based on user space processing and one is based on eBPF. The results show that the eBPF-based implementation outperforms the user space implementations and has a negligible impact on the forwarding capacity of the Linux software router.

Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Future of Internet Routing & Addressing

Networking architectures need to evolve to support the requirements of future Internet services a... more Networking architectures need to evolve to support the requirements of future Internet services and 6G networks. In this paper we propose an evolutionary solution that extends the IPv6 networking architecture fully supporting the needs of future services, called Extensible In-band Processing (EIP). The EIP solution considers a feature-rich networking layer, in which hosts and routers can cooperate by reading and writing the EIP information in the IPv6 packet headers, to support a number of use cases. Example use case are: advanced monitoring, semantic routing, deterministic networking, slicing and so on. This list of use cases is not exhaustive, as a key feature of EIP is to be extensible for the support of new use cases. In the paper we describe the initial design of the EIP header and protocol mechanisms. We have released an open source prototype implementation of EIP for Linux OS, based on the eBPF packet processing framework. The implementation includes tools for the generation of test EIP packets and for the protocol dissection of packets. A replicable testbed provides an early demonstration of the advanced monitoring and semantic routing use cases.

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 2021

Segment Routing is a form of loose source routing. It provides the ability to include a list of i... more Segment Routing is a form of loose source routing. It provides the ability to include a list of instructions (called segments), in the packet headers. The Segment Routing architecture has been first implemented with the MPLS dataplane and then, quite recently, with the IPv6 dataplane (SRv6). IPv6 Segment Routing (SRv6) is a promising solution to support advanced services such as Traffic Engineering, Service Function Chaining, Virtual Private Networks, and Load Balancing. The SRv6 data-plane is supported in many different software forwarding engines including the Linux kernel and VPP software router, as well as in hardware devices. In this paper, we present SRPerf, a performance evaluation framework for software and hardware implementations of SRv6. SRPerf is able to perform different benchmarking tests such as throughput and latency. For throughput tests, we use the Partial Drop Rate (PDR) to characterize a system under test. The architecture of SRPerf can be easily extended to support new benchmarking methodologies as well as different SRv6 implementations. We have used SRPerf to evaluate the performance of the SRv6 implementation in the Linux kernel and in VPP. SRPerf is a valuable tool in the context of software forwarding engines where new features can be added at fast pace, as it helps experimenters to validate their work. In particular, we describe how we have leveraged SRPerf to validate the implementation of some SRv6 behaviors that were missing or wrongly implemented in the Linux kernel mainline.

2020 16th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM), 2020

The Segment Routing (SR) architecture is based on loose source routing. A list of instructions, c... more The Segment Routing (SR) architecture is based on loose source routing. A list of instructions, called segments can be added to the packet headers, to influence the forwarding and the processing of the packets in an SR enabled network. In SRv6 (Segment Routing over IPv6 data plane) the segments are represented with IPv6 addresses, which are 16 bytes long. There are some SRv6 service scenarios that may require to carry a large number of segments in the IPv6 packet headers. Reducing the size of these overheads is useful to minimize the impact on MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) and to enable SRv6 on legacy hardware devices with limited processing capabilities that could suffer the long headers. In this paper we present the Micro SID solution for the efficient representation of segment identifiers. With this solution, the length of the segment list can be drastically reduced.

Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6 in short) is a networking solution for IP backbones and datacente... more Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6 in short) is a networking solution for IP backbones and datacenters. The SRv6 standardization, implementation and research are actively progressing and SRv6 has already been adopted in a number of large scale network deployments. Effective Performance Monitoring (PM) solutions for SRv6 networks are strongly needed. The design, implementation and deployment of such PM solutions span the different planes of a networking architecture: Performance Measurements data (packet loss and delay) needs to be measured (in the Data Plane), the monitored nodes needs to be controlled (in the Control Plane), the measured data needs to be collected (in the Control/Management Planes), then the Data must be processed and stored, using Big-Data processing solutions. We focus on Loss Monitoring, by considering a solution capable of tracking single packet loss events in near-real time (e.g. with a delay in the order of 20 seconds). We describe SRv6-PM, a solution for Perfor...

2021 International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering (ICECCME)

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management

Software-Defined Wide Area Networks (SD-WANs) are used to provide services to enterprises with ge... more Software-Defined Wide Area Networks (SD-WANs) are used to provide services to enterprises with geographically dispersed locations in a flexible and efficient way. We focus on SD-WAN services based on the Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) technology. Performance Monitoring solutions are needed in SD-WANs to detect performance degradation and outages, and optimize network operations. In this paper, we describe a high performance solution for end-to-end delay monitoring for SRv6 based SD-WAN services. The proposed solution leverages the Simple Two-way Active Measurement Protocol (STAMP) to monitor the delay of an SRv6 path between two nodes called STAMP Session-Sender and Session-Reflector. We describe three implementations of the STAMP Session-Sender and Session-Reflector for a Linux software router and compare their performance. In particular, two implementations are based on user space processing and one is based on eBPF. The results show that the eBPF-based implementation outperforms the user space implementations and has a negligible impact on the forwarding capacity of the Linux software router.

arXiv (Cornell University), Dec 23, 2022

Software-Defined Wide Area Networks (SD-WANs) are used to provide services to enterprises with ge... more Software-Defined Wide Area Networks (SD-WANs) are used to provide services to enterprises with geographically dispersed locations in a flexible and efficient way. We focus on SD-WAN services based on the Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) technology. Performance Monitoring solutions are needed in SD-WANs to detect performance degradation and outages, and optimize network operations. In this paper, we describe a high performance solution for end-to-end delay monitoring for SRv6 based SD-WAN services. The proposed solution leverages the Simple Two-way Active Measurement Protocol (STAMP) to monitor the delay of an SRv6 path between two nodes called STAMP Session-Sender and Session-Reflector. We describe three implementations of the STAMP Session-Sender and Session-Reflector for a Linux software router and compare their performance. In particular, two implementations are based on user space processing and one is based on eBPF. The results show that the eBPF-based implementation outperforms the user space implementations and has a negligible impact on the forwarding capacity of the Linux software router.

Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Future of Internet Routing & Addressing

Networking architectures need to evolve to support the requirements of future Internet services a... more Networking architectures need to evolve to support the requirements of future Internet services and 6G networks. In this paper we propose an evolutionary solution that extends the IPv6 networking architecture fully supporting the needs of future services, called Extensible In-band Processing (EIP). The EIP solution considers a feature-rich networking layer, in which hosts and routers can cooperate by reading and writing the EIP information in the IPv6 packet headers, to support a number of use cases. Example use case are: advanced monitoring, semantic routing, deterministic networking, slicing and so on. This list of use cases is not exhaustive, as a key feature of EIP is to be extensible for the support of new use cases. In the paper we describe the initial design of the EIP header and protocol mechanisms. We have released an open source prototype implementation of EIP for Linux OS, based on the eBPF packet processing framework. The implementation includes tools for the generation of test EIP packets and for the protocol dissection of packets. A replicable testbed provides an early demonstration of the advanced monitoring and semantic routing use cases.

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 2021

Segment Routing is a form of loose source routing. It provides the ability to include a list of i... more Segment Routing is a form of loose source routing. It provides the ability to include a list of instructions (called segments), in the packet headers. The Segment Routing architecture has been first implemented with the MPLS dataplane and then, quite recently, with the IPv6 dataplane (SRv6). IPv6 Segment Routing (SRv6) is a promising solution to support advanced services such as Traffic Engineering, Service Function Chaining, Virtual Private Networks, and Load Balancing. The SRv6 data-plane is supported in many different software forwarding engines including the Linux kernel and VPP software router, as well as in hardware devices. In this paper, we present SRPerf, a performance evaluation framework for software and hardware implementations of SRv6. SRPerf is able to perform different benchmarking tests such as throughput and latency. For throughput tests, we use the Partial Drop Rate (PDR) to characterize a system under test. The architecture of SRPerf can be easily extended to support new benchmarking methodologies as well as different SRv6 implementations. We have used SRPerf to evaluate the performance of the SRv6 implementation in the Linux kernel and in VPP. SRPerf is a valuable tool in the context of software forwarding engines where new features can be added at fast pace, as it helps experimenters to validate their work. In particular, we describe how we have leveraged SRPerf to validate the implementation of some SRv6 behaviors that were missing or wrongly implemented in the Linux kernel mainline.

2020 16th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM), 2020

The Segment Routing (SR) architecture is based on loose source routing. A list of instructions, c... more The Segment Routing (SR) architecture is based on loose source routing. A list of instructions, called segments can be added to the packet headers, to influence the forwarding and the processing of the packets in an SR enabled network. In SRv6 (Segment Routing over IPv6 data plane) the segments are represented with IPv6 addresses, which are 16 bytes long. There are some SRv6 service scenarios that may require to carry a large number of segments in the IPv6 packet headers. Reducing the size of these overheads is useful to minimize the impact on MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) and to enable SRv6 on legacy hardware devices with limited processing capabilities that could suffer the long headers. In this paper we present the Micro SID solution for the efficient representation of segment identifiers. With this solution, the length of the segment list can be drastically reduced.

Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6 in short) is a networking solution for IP backbones and datacente... more Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6 in short) is a networking solution for IP backbones and datacenters. The SRv6 standardization, implementation and research are actively progressing and SRv6 has already been adopted in a number of large scale network deployments. Effective Performance Monitoring (PM) solutions for SRv6 networks are strongly needed. The design, implementation and deployment of such PM solutions span the different planes of a networking architecture: Performance Measurements data (packet loss and delay) needs to be measured (in the Data Plane), the monitored nodes needs to be controlled (in the Control Plane), the measured data needs to be collected (in the Control/Management Planes), then the Data must be processed and stored, using Big-Data processing solutions. We focus on Loss Monitoring, by considering a solution capable of tracking single packet loss events in near-real time (e.g. with a delay in the order of 20 seconds). We describe SRv6-PM, a solution for Perfor...

2021 International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering (ICECCME)

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management