Carrie Cuttler - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Carrie Cuttler
Additional file 1: Table S1. Comparisons of Random Responders and Eligible Participants on Each O... more Additional file 1: Table S1. Comparisons of Random Responders and Eligible Participants on Each Outcome and Predictor. * indicates p
An underlying theme common to prominent theoretical accounts of cognition in schizophrenia is tha... more An underlying theme common to prominent theoretical accounts of cognition in schizophrenia is that information processing is disproportionately influenced by recently/currently encountered information relative to the influence of previously learned information. In this study, the authors tested this account by using the hindsight bias or knew-it-all-along (KIA) paradigm, which demonstrates that newly acquired knowledge influences recall of past events. In line with the account that patients with schizophrenia display a disproportionately strong influence of recently encountered information relative to the influence of previously learned information, patients displayed a KIA effect that was significantly greater than in controls. This result is discussed in the context of the cognitive underpinnings of the KIA effect and delusion formation.
While Research Methods in Psychology is fairly traditional— making it easy for you to use with yo... more While Research Methods in Psychology is fairly traditional— making it easy for you to use with your existing courses — it also emphasizes a fundamental idea that is often lost on undergraduates: research methods are not a peripheral concern in our discipline; they are central. The overarching goal of this textbook is to present the basics of psychological research methods — focusing on the concepts and skills that are most widely shared within the discipline — emphasizing both their centrality to our field and their contribution to our understanding of human behavior. The book will include several features that will help accomplish this overarching goal. The Core Concepts: Dr. Price based his choices about content and terminology on the most influential original books and articles in the research methodology literature—as determined by an empirical analysis of the reference lists of secondary sources. He also relied on the Undergraduate Psychology Major Learning Goals and Outcomes d...
Previous research suggests that marijuana use is associated with impairments in retrospective mem... more Previous research suggests that marijuana use is associated with impairments in retrospective memory. Ours is the first study to examine the relationship between marijuana use and prospective memory, the ability to remember plans and intentions. Over 100 undergraduate students completed a survey that assessed marijuana use and prospective memory. Marijuana use was found to be associated with failures on prospective memory tasks that involve internal cues (e.g., I forget what I want to say in the middle of a sentence, I forget what I came in a room to get); it was also related to problems with punctuality.
Scientific Reports
Statewide legislation has increased public access to high-potency cannabis flower and concentrate... more Statewide legislation has increased public access to high-potency cannabis flower and concentrates, yet federal restrictions limit researchers’ access to relatively low-potency whole-plant cannabis. The goal of this study was to examine the acute effects of high-potency cannabis on cognition using a novel methodology. We further sought to compare cognitive effects of high-potency cannabis flower with and without cannabidiol (CBD), as well as cannabis concentrates to cannabis flower. 80 cannabis users were randomly assigned to stay sober or use their funds to purchase one of three high-potency cannabis products: (1) high-potency flower (≥ 20% THC) without CBD, (2) high-potency flower with CBD, (3) high-potency concentrates (≥ 60% THC) with CBD. Participants were observed over Zoom videoconferencing while inhaling their product or remaining sober and then were administered tests of everyday life memory (prospective, source, temporal order, and false memory) and decision making (risky ...
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2021
Previous research indicates that circulating concentrations of cortisol increase during interacti... more Previous research indicates that circulating concentrations of cortisol increase during interactions with opposite-sex others in the presence of mating cues. However, it remains unknown whether this phenomenon extends to work-related tasks in which explicit mating cues are absent. In a series of two studies, we assessed women's and men's salivary cortisol concentrations before and after completing a cooperative brainstorming (Study 1) and competitive negotiation (Study 2) task wherein they worked with same- or opposite-sex partners. Both studies revealed significant participant sex by partner sex interactions. Specifically, male participants demonstrated significantly larger increases in salivary cortisol concentrations when working alongside opposite-sex as opposed to same-sex partners on a cooperative task. In contrast, female participants demonstrated significantly larger increases in salivary cortisol concentrations when working with opposite-sex as opposed to same-sex p...
Checking compulsions are the most common manifestation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), ye... more Checking compulsions are the most common manifestation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), yet the mechanisms which contribute to them are not well understood. According to one prominent theory — the memory deficit theory — individuals’ compulsions to check are fueled by a deficit in memory which makes it difficult for them to remember performing a previous action (e.g., locking a door). The main goal of this dissertation is to examine the link between memory deficits and checking compulsions. This examination in carried out in the context of two domains of memory: retrospective memory and prospective memory. A review of the literature on memory in OCD shows that previous research on the memory deficit theory has focused almost exclusively on the domain of retrospective memory, the ability to remember previously learned information and events. More importantly, the review demonstrates that deficits in this domain of memory are not unique to checkers and therefore do not hold the...
Statewide legislation has increased public access to high-potency cannabis flower and concentrate... more Statewide legislation has increased public access to high-potency cannabis flower and concentrates, yet federal restrictions limit researchers’ access to relatively low-potency whole-plant cannabis. The goal of this study was to examine the acute effects of high-potency cannabis on cognition using a novel methodology. We further sought to compare cognitive effects of high-potency cannabis flower with and without cannabidiol (CBD), as well as cannabis concentrates to cannabis flower. 80 cannabis users were randomly assigned to stay sober or use their funds to purchase one of three high-potency cannabis products: (1) high-potency flower (≥ 20% THC) without CBD, (2) high-potency flower with CBD, (3) high-potency concentrates (≥ 60% THC) with CBD. Participants were observed over Zoom videoconferencing while inhaling their product or remaining sober and then were administered tests of everyday life memory (prospective, source, temporal order, and false memory) and decision making (risky ...
Frontiers in Education
A college education is becoming increasingly expensive, and the burden of this cost is often felt... more A college education is becoming increasingly expensive, and the burden of this cost is often felt disproportionately by marginalized students. One aspect of rising college costs are textbook prices, which have increased at a rate that far surpasses inflation. Open educational resources (OER; free, openly-licensed course materials) are often proposed as a solution to this problem. It is not clear, however, whether these materials are equivalent in quality to standard commercial textbooks. During one semester, half of the Introductory Psychology sections at a large, public university were assigned to use OER while the other half were assigned to use the incumbent commercial textbook. Participants were asked to self-report the behaviors they engage in as a result of high textbook costs. We also examined student performance in the courses and students' perceptions and use of the two books. We found no significant differences between textbook groups on course performance or perceptions of the book, but marginalized students (first-generation students and/or ethnic minority students) reported engaging in negative behaviors (i.e., dropping a class) more often than their peers as a result of textbook costs. These findings suggest that textbook costs disproportionately affect our most vulnerable students and the use of OER may be one solution to this problem, particularly given the equivalent performance across textbook groups.
Journal of Cannabis Research
Background Trends toward legalizing cannabis may increase experimentation with the drug among les... more Background Trends toward legalizing cannabis may increase experimentation with the drug among less experienced users with limited knowledge of possible adverse reactions. This study explores the prevalence, frequency, and levels of distress produced by various acute adverse reactions to cannabis, as well as predictors of these reactions. Methods The Adverse Reactions Scale (ARS) was created and administered to a large sample of undergraduate college students (n = 999) who were predominantly white (> 70%), female (> 70%), recreational (> 90%) cannabis users. The ARS was administered in an anonymous online survey measuring demographics, cannabis use patterns, cannabis use motives, personality, and negative affect. Results The most prevalent adverse reactions to cannabis were coughing fits, anxiety, and paranoia, which > 50% of the sample reported experiencing. The most frequently occurring reactions were coughing fits, chest/lung discomfort, and body humming, which occurre...
Cannabis
Trends toward the legalization of cannabis are raising concerns about driving under the influence... more Trends toward the legalization of cannabis are raising concerns about driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC). The goal of this study was to examine the percentage of cannabis users who believe DUIC is safe, who drive within one hour of using cannabis, and who have experienced a DUIC-related incident (i.e., ticket/accident). We further sought to compare these percentages in exclusively medical versus exclusively recreational versus mixed cannabis users and in participants surveyed before versus after legal sales of recreational cannabis. Finally, we examined predictors of DUIC beliefs, practices, and incidents. An anonymous online survey was administered to cannabis users across the 50 United States (N=1773; 54% Male) to assess DUIC beliefs, practices, and incidents. 52.4% reported believing DUIC is safe, 52.1% admitted to driving within one hour of using cannabis, but only 3.9% reported experiencing a DUIC-related incident. No significant differences were found in exclusively medical, exclusively recreational, and mixed cannabis users or in WA respondents surveyed before-and after-legal sales in WA state. Older age, less education, higher frequency and quantities of use, and driving within one hour of use predicted beliefs DUIC is safe. Younger age, more education, higher frequency and quantities of use, younger age of first use, and beliefs DUIC is safe predicted driving within one hour of using cannabis. Male gender, lower income, and higher frequency of use predicted DUIC-related incidents. Rates of DUIC are high among cannabis users but self-reported accidents/tickets are low. Recreational cannabis sales do not appear to be exacerbating these rates.
Psychology Learning & Teaching
The bulk of previous research on students' perceptions of open educational resources have lac... more The bulk of previous research on students' perceptions of open educational resources have lacked a control group of students rating traditional textbooks. Moreover, few studies have examined differences in the perceptions of online students and those taking classes in the classroom. A 2 × 2 cross-sectional design was used in which 925 students, assigned either a traditional textbook or an open textbook in either an online or classroom environment, were recruited to complete an online survey. Students assigned open textbooks were almost twice as likely to report using their textbooks, they used them more frequently, and for more time per week overall. Students assigned open textbooks also perceived a greater degree of overlap between the textbook, lecture, and quiz material than did students assigned traditional textbooks. Finally, ratings of the open textbooks were significantly higher than ratings of the traditional textbooks overall and on 11 of 15 different dimensions. Few di...
Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
PloS one, 2017
We created the Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use Inventory (D... more We created the Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use Inventory (DFAQ-CU) because the current lack of psychometrically sound inventories for measuring these dimensions of cannabis use has impeded research on the effects of cannabis in humans. A sample of 2,062 cannabis users completed the DFAQ-CU and was used to assess the DFAQ-CU's factor structure and reliability. To assess validity, a subsample of 645 participants completed additional measures of cannabis dependence and problems (Marijuana Smoking History Questionnaire [MSHQ], Timeline Followback [TLFB], Cannabis Abuse Screening Test [CAST], Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test Revised [CUDIT-R], Cannabis Use Problems Identification Test [CUPIT], and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test [AUDIT]). A six-factor structure was revealed, with factors measuring: daily sessions, frequency, age of onset, marijuana quantity, cannabis concentrate quantity, and edibles quantity. The factors were ...
Addictive Behaviors, 2017
Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2016
Cannabis
Previous research has uncovered a link between stress and cannabis. The overall goal of the prese... more Previous research has uncovered a link between stress and cannabis. The overall goal of the present study was to further elucidate the nature of this link by examining whether cannabis use motives (e.g., using cannabis to cope with negative affect) mediate the putative associations between stress (early life stress, chronic stress) and cannabis (frequency of cannabis use, problematic cannabis use). A sample of 578 cannabis-using college students completed an anonymous online survey designed to measure early life stress, chronic stress, frequency of cannabis use, and problematic cannabis use. The results indicated that early life stress was significantly associated with more frequent cannabis use and that both early life stress and chronic stress were significantly associated with more problematic cannabis use. The results of a series of parallel multiple mediation models further revealed that cannabis coping motives (i.e., using cannabis to cope with negative affect and other problems) was a significant mediator of all three of these relationships. These findings suggest that both early life stress and chronic stress may lead to the use of cannabis to cope with stress, and that the use of cannabis for this purpose may, in turn, increase problematic cannabis use. We propose that enhancing cannabis users' coping skills, so that they are not reliant on cannabis for coping, may help sever the connection between stress and problematic cannabis use.
Offenders often claim to have committed their crimes in a dissociative state and some allege amne... more Offenders often claim to have committed their crimes in a dissociative state and some allege amnesia for their criminal actions. Although much research has examined dissociative and related phenomena, such as amnesia, in victims and witnesses to traumatic and criminal events, little research has investigated dissociation in incarcerated offenders, particularly in relation to their offences. The present study used the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ), the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), and the Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID) to examine a number of issues concerning dissociative and related phenomena in incarcerated male offenders. Thirty-four percent of the sample reported amnesia for their most recent criminal offence. Among other results, participants' reports of state dissociation at the time of their criminal offences were associated with trait dissociation and amnesia for their offences. However, the reported mean state dissociation was not particularly elevated during the offences. Implications for cognitive and correctional psychology are discussed.
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
Additional file 1: Table S1. Comparisons of Random Responders and Eligible Participants on Each O... more Additional file 1: Table S1. Comparisons of Random Responders and Eligible Participants on Each Outcome and Predictor. * indicates p
An underlying theme common to prominent theoretical accounts of cognition in schizophrenia is tha... more An underlying theme common to prominent theoretical accounts of cognition in schizophrenia is that information processing is disproportionately influenced by recently/currently encountered information relative to the influence of previously learned information. In this study, the authors tested this account by using the hindsight bias or knew-it-all-along (KIA) paradigm, which demonstrates that newly acquired knowledge influences recall of past events. In line with the account that patients with schizophrenia display a disproportionately strong influence of recently encountered information relative to the influence of previously learned information, patients displayed a KIA effect that was significantly greater than in controls. This result is discussed in the context of the cognitive underpinnings of the KIA effect and delusion formation.
While Research Methods in Psychology is fairly traditional— making it easy for you to use with yo... more While Research Methods in Psychology is fairly traditional— making it easy for you to use with your existing courses — it also emphasizes a fundamental idea that is often lost on undergraduates: research methods are not a peripheral concern in our discipline; they are central. The overarching goal of this textbook is to present the basics of psychological research methods — focusing on the concepts and skills that are most widely shared within the discipline — emphasizing both their centrality to our field and their contribution to our understanding of human behavior. The book will include several features that will help accomplish this overarching goal. The Core Concepts: Dr. Price based his choices about content and terminology on the most influential original books and articles in the research methodology literature—as determined by an empirical analysis of the reference lists of secondary sources. He also relied on the Undergraduate Psychology Major Learning Goals and Outcomes d...
Previous research suggests that marijuana use is associated with impairments in retrospective mem... more Previous research suggests that marijuana use is associated with impairments in retrospective memory. Ours is the first study to examine the relationship between marijuana use and prospective memory, the ability to remember plans and intentions. Over 100 undergraduate students completed a survey that assessed marijuana use and prospective memory. Marijuana use was found to be associated with failures on prospective memory tasks that involve internal cues (e.g., I forget what I want to say in the middle of a sentence, I forget what I came in a room to get); it was also related to problems with punctuality.
Scientific Reports
Statewide legislation has increased public access to high-potency cannabis flower and concentrate... more Statewide legislation has increased public access to high-potency cannabis flower and concentrates, yet federal restrictions limit researchers’ access to relatively low-potency whole-plant cannabis. The goal of this study was to examine the acute effects of high-potency cannabis on cognition using a novel methodology. We further sought to compare cognitive effects of high-potency cannabis flower with and without cannabidiol (CBD), as well as cannabis concentrates to cannabis flower. 80 cannabis users were randomly assigned to stay sober or use their funds to purchase one of three high-potency cannabis products: (1) high-potency flower (≥ 20% THC) without CBD, (2) high-potency flower with CBD, (3) high-potency concentrates (≥ 60% THC) with CBD. Participants were observed over Zoom videoconferencing while inhaling their product or remaining sober and then were administered tests of everyday life memory (prospective, source, temporal order, and false memory) and decision making (risky ...
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2021
Previous research indicates that circulating concentrations of cortisol increase during interacti... more Previous research indicates that circulating concentrations of cortisol increase during interactions with opposite-sex others in the presence of mating cues. However, it remains unknown whether this phenomenon extends to work-related tasks in which explicit mating cues are absent. In a series of two studies, we assessed women's and men's salivary cortisol concentrations before and after completing a cooperative brainstorming (Study 1) and competitive negotiation (Study 2) task wherein they worked with same- or opposite-sex partners. Both studies revealed significant participant sex by partner sex interactions. Specifically, male participants demonstrated significantly larger increases in salivary cortisol concentrations when working alongside opposite-sex as opposed to same-sex partners on a cooperative task. In contrast, female participants demonstrated significantly larger increases in salivary cortisol concentrations when working with opposite-sex as opposed to same-sex p...
Checking compulsions are the most common manifestation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), ye... more Checking compulsions are the most common manifestation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), yet the mechanisms which contribute to them are not well understood. According to one prominent theory — the memory deficit theory — individuals’ compulsions to check are fueled by a deficit in memory which makes it difficult for them to remember performing a previous action (e.g., locking a door). The main goal of this dissertation is to examine the link between memory deficits and checking compulsions. This examination in carried out in the context of two domains of memory: retrospective memory and prospective memory. A review of the literature on memory in OCD shows that previous research on the memory deficit theory has focused almost exclusively on the domain of retrospective memory, the ability to remember previously learned information and events. More importantly, the review demonstrates that deficits in this domain of memory are not unique to checkers and therefore do not hold the...
Statewide legislation has increased public access to high-potency cannabis flower and concentrate... more Statewide legislation has increased public access to high-potency cannabis flower and concentrates, yet federal restrictions limit researchers’ access to relatively low-potency whole-plant cannabis. The goal of this study was to examine the acute effects of high-potency cannabis on cognition using a novel methodology. We further sought to compare cognitive effects of high-potency cannabis flower with and without cannabidiol (CBD), as well as cannabis concentrates to cannabis flower. 80 cannabis users were randomly assigned to stay sober or use their funds to purchase one of three high-potency cannabis products: (1) high-potency flower (≥ 20% THC) without CBD, (2) high-potency flower with CBD, (3) high-potency concentrates (≥ 60% THC) with CBD. Participants were observed over Zoom videoconferencing while inhaling their product or remaining sober and then were administered tests of everyday life memory (prospective, source, temporal order, and false memory) and decision making (risky ...
Frontiers in Education
A college education is becoming increasingly expensive, and the burden of this cost is often felt... more A college education is becoming increasingly expensive, and the burden of this cost is often felt disproportionately by marginalized students. One aspect of rising college costs are textbook prices, which have increased at a rate that far surpasses inflation. Open educational resources (OER; free, openly-licensed course materials) are often proposed as a solution to this problem. It is not clear, however, whether these materials are equivalent in quality to standard commercial textbooks. During one semester, half of the Introductory Psychology sections at a large, public university were assigned to use OER while the other half were assigned to use the incumbent commercial textbook. Participants were asked to self-report the behaviors they engage in as a result of high textbook costs. We also examined student performance in the courses and students' perceptions and use of the two books. We found no significant differences between textbook groups on course performance or perceptions of the book, but marginalized students (first-generation students and/or ethnic minority students) reported engaging in negative behaviors (i.e., dropping a class) more often than their peers as a result of textbook costs. These findings suggest that textbook costs disproportionately affect our most vulnerable students and the use of OER may be one solution to this problem, particularly given the equivalent performance across textbook groups.
Journal of Cannabis Research
Background Trends toward legalizing cannabis may increase experimentation with the drug among les... more Background Trends toward legalizing cannabis may increase experimentation with the drug among less experienced users with limited knowledge of possible adverse reactions. This study explores the prevalence, frequency, and levels of distress produced by various acute adverse reactions to cannabis, as well as predictors of these reactions. Methods The Adverse Reactions Scale (ARS) was created and administered to a large sample of undergraduate college students (n = 999) who were predominantly white (> 70%), female (> 70%), recreational (> 90%) cannabis users. The ARS was administered in an anonymous online survey measuring demographics, cannabis use patterns, cannabis use motives, personality, and negative affect. Results The most prevalent adverse reactions to cannabis were coughing fits, anxiety, and paranoia, which > 50% of the sample reported experiencing. The most frequently occurring reactions were coughing fits, chest/lung discomfort, and body humming, which occurre...
Cannabis
Trends toward the legalization of cannabis are raising concerns about driving under the influence... more Trends toward the legalization of cannabis are raising concerns about driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC). The goal of this study was to examine the percentage of cannabis users who believe DUIC is safe, who drive within one hour of using cannabis, and who have experienced a DUIC-related incident (i.e., ticket/accident). We further sought to compare these percentages in exclusively medical versus exclusively recreational versus mixed cannabis users and in participants surveyed before versus after legal sales of recreational cannabis. Finally, we examined predictors of DUIC beliefs, practices, and incidents. An anonymous online survey was administered to cannabis users across the 50 United States (N=1773; 54% Male) to assess DUIC beliefs, practices, and incidents. 52.4% reported believing DUIC is safe, 52.1% admitted to driving within one hour of using cannabis, but only 3.9% reported experiencing a DUIC-related incident. No significant differences were found in exclusively medical, exclusively recreational, and mixed cannabis users or in WA respondents surveyed before-and after-legal sales in WA state. Older age, less education, higher frequency and quantities of use, and driving within one hour of use predicted beliefs DUIC is safe. Younger age, more education, higher frequency and quantities of use, younger age of first use, and beliefs DUIC is safe predicted driving within one hour of using cannabis. Male gender, lower income, and higher frequency of use predicted DUIC-related incidents. Rates of DUIC are high among cannabis users but self-reported accidents/tickets are low. Recreational cannabis sales do not appear to be exacerbating these rates.
Psychology Learning & Teaching
The bulk of previous research on students' perceptions of open educational resources have lac... more The bulk of previous research on students' perceptions of open educational resources have lacked a control group of students rating traditional textbooks. Moreover, few studies have examined differences in the perceptions of online students and those taking classes in the classroom. A 2 × 2 cross-sectional design was used in which 925 students, assigned either a traditional textbook or an open textbook in either an online or classroom environment, were recruited to complete an online survey. Students assigned open textbooks were almost twice as likely to report using their textbooks, they used them more frequently, and for more time per week overall. Students assigned open textbooks also perceived a greater degree of overlap between the textbook, lecture, and quiz material than did students assigned traditional textbooks. Finally, ratings of the open textbooks were significantly higher than ratings of the traditional textbooks overall and on 11 of 15 different dimensions. Few di...
Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
PloS one, 2017
We created the Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use Inventory (D... more We created the Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use Inventory (DFAQ-CU) because the current lack of psychometrically sound inventories for measuring these dimensions of cannabis use has impeded research on the effects of cannabis in humans. A sample of 2,062 cannabis users completed the DFAQ-CU and was used to assess the DFAQ-CU's factor structure and reliability. To assess validity, a subsample of 645 participants completed additional measures of cannabis dependence and problems (Marijuana Smoking History Questionnaire [MSHQ], Timeline Followback [TLFB], Cannabis Abuse Screening Test [CAST], Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test Revised [CUDIT-R], Cannabis Use Problems Identification Test [CUPIT], and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test [AUDIT]). A six-factor structure was revealed, with factors measuring: daily sessions, frequency, age of onset, marijuana quantity, cannabis concentrate quantity, and edibles quantity. The factors were ...
Addictive Behaviors, 2017
Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2016
Cannabis
Previous research has uncovered a link between stress and cannabis. The overall goal of the prese... more Previous research has uncovered a link between stress and cannabis. The overall goal of the present study was to further elucidate the nature of this link by examining whether cannabis use motives (e.g., using cannabis to cope with negative affect) mediate the putative associations between stress (early life stress, chronic stress) and cannabis (frequency of cannabis use, problematic cannabis use). A sample of 578 cannabis-using college students completed an anonymous online survey designed to measure early life stress, chronic stress, frequency of cannabis use, and problematic cannabis use. The results indicated that early life stress was significantly associated with more frequent cannabis use and that both early life stress and chronic stress were significantly associated with more problematic cannabis use. The results of a series of parallel multiple mediation models further revealed that cannabis coping motives (i.e., using cannabis to cope with negative affect and other problems) was a significant mediator of all three of these relationships. These findings suggest that both early life stress and chronic stress may lead to the use of cannabis to cope with stress, and that the use of cannabis for this purpose may, in turn, increase problematic cannabis use. We propose that enhancing cannabis users' coping skills, so that they are not reliant on cannabis for coping, may help sever the connection between stress and problematic cannabis use.
Offenders often claim to have committed their crimes in a dissociative state and some allege amne... more Offenders often claim to have committed their crimes in a dissociative state and some allege amnesia for their criminal actions. Although much research has examined dissociative and related phenomena, such as amnesia, in victims and witnesses to traumatic and criminal events, little research has investigated dissociation in incarcerated offenders, particularly in relation to their offences. The present study used the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ), the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), and the Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID) to examine a number of issues concerning dissociative and related phenomena in incarcerated male offenders. Thirty-four percent of the sample reported amnesia for their most recent criminal offence. Among other results, participants' reports of state dissociation at the time of their criminal offences were associated with trait dissociation and amnesia for their offences. However, the reported mean state dissociation was not particularly elevated during the offences. Implications for cognitive and correctional psychology are discussed.
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology