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Papers by Grace Cartwright

Abstracts with programs, 2021

To better quantify the ecological benefits and impacts of oyster aquaculture, we sampled water qu... more To better quantify the ecological benefits and impacts of oyster aquaculture, we sampled water quality, sediment quality, benthic macrofaunal communities and oysters at four oyster aquaculture sites located on the western shore of Chesapeake Bay in Virginia, USA. At each site, we collected samples from within the footprint of the aquaculture cages and from nearby areas with similar physical and environmental conditions but far enough away to be minimally influenced by aquaculture operations. Data collected from the water column included chlorophyll concentrations, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen concentrations, light attenuation, particle concentration, median particle size, total suspended solids and their organic content, and dissolved nutrient concentrations. Sediment and macrofauna community data collected included sediment grain size and organic content and macrofauna identity, abundance, biomass and species richness. In addition to assessing the potential impacts of oyster aquaculture on the water column and benthos, we also assessed differences in the oysters harvested

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst data and bottom burst data collected as part o... more Dataset consists of profile and water column burst data and bottom burst data collected as part of a 6-hour anchor station survey in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst data and bottom burst data collected as part o... more Dataset consists of profile and water column burst data and bottom burst data collected as part of a 3-hour anchor station survey in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2020

Abstracts with programs, 2019

Frontiers in Earth Science, Mar 14, 2022

Wright et al. Controls on Sediment Bed Erodibility FIGURE 2 | Total suspended solids (TSS) collec... more Wright et al. Controls on Sediment Bed Erodibility FIGURE 2 | Total suspended solids (TSS) collected 1-m below the surface and 1-m above the bottom (top panels) and salinity contours (bottom panels) along the York River estuary during low river discharge (left panels) and high river discharge (right panels) Adapted by permission from Springer Nature, Estuaries (Lin and Kuo, 2001), copyright 2001.

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst data and bottom burst data collected as part o... more Dataset consists of profile and water column burst data and bottom burst data collected as part of a 3-hour anchor station survey in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering

Oysters are hypothesized to affect the shear strength of nearby surficial seafloor sediment as fr... more Oysters are hypothesized to affect the shear strength of nearby surficial seafloor sediment as fragments of oyster shells (shell hash) are typically more angular relative to sand particles alone, among other differences. Resistance to shearing is well characterized by the friction angle, which is estimated in this study from vacuum triaxial laboratory and portable free-fall penetrometer field tests. Friction angles of sediment with shell hash were higher relative to those of sediment without shell hash (via hydrochloric acid treatment) on average by about 19% (36.0°-30.2°, respectively). Triaxial confining pressures ranged between 2.1 and 49.0 kPa to simulate subtidal and intertidal aquatic conditions. Regularity (average of particle roundness and sphericity) values of sediment samples with shell hash were found to be less than those of samples without by about 6% (0.66 and 0.70, respectively), which indicates the particle shapes of the former are, overall, more angular and less spherical. Further study and methodology improvements are needed to decrease the approximate 9°friction angle discrepancy estimated from fieldand laboratory-based tests. Knowing oysters have the potential to increase sediment shearing resistance helps establish a pathway of how shellfish colonies may contribute to mitigating surficial erosion around coastal infrastructure.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

The process of fine-grained seabed sediment consolidation is governed by a variety of factors inc... more The process of fine-grained seabed sediment consolidation is governed by a variety of factors including grain size distributions, organics, sediment dynamics, and anthropogenic activities (e.g., marine traffic and dredging). Poorly consolidated sediments are typically softer and more susceptible to mobility from shear, while over consolidated sediments are typically stiffer with a higher threshold for mobility from shear. Knowledge of the state of consolidation of seabed sediments is important to assess and maintain navigable depth, predict length scales of seafloor roughness, and assess seabed-object interaction (e.g., anchors, unexploded ordnance). For example, the porosity varies significantly for the same type of sediment for different states of consolidation. Variability is expected and has been qualitatively demonstrated in acoustic seabed surveying including high- and low-frequency techniques. In this study, seabed sediments were characterized using a portable free fall penet...

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2018

Abstracts with programs, 2021

To better quantify the ecological benefits and impacts of oyster aquaculture, we sampled water qu... more To better quantify the ecological benefits and impacts of oyster aquaculture, we sampled water quality, sediment quality, benthic macrofaunal communities and oysters at four oyster aquaculture sites located on the western shore of Chesapeake Bay in Virginia, USA. At each site, we collected samples from within the footprint of the aquaculture cages and from nearby areas with similar physical and environmental conditions but far enough away to be minimally influenced by aquaculture operations. Data collected from the water column included chlorophyll concentrations, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen concentrations, light attenuation, particle concentration, median particle size, total suspended solids and their organic content, and dissolved nutrient concentrations. Sediment and macrofauna community data collected included sediment grain size and organic content and macrofauna identity, abundance, biomass and species richness. In addition to assessing the potential impacts of oyster aquaculture on the water column and benthos, we also assessed differences in the oysters harvested

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst data and bottom burst data collected as part o... more Dataset consists of profile and water column burst data and bottom burst data collected as part of a 6-hour anchor station survey in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst data and bottom burst data collected as part o... more Dataset consists of profile and water column burst data and bottom burst data collected as part of a 3-hour anchor station survey in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2020

Abstracts with programs, 2019

Frontiers in Earth Science, Mar 14, 2022

Wright et al. Controls on Sediment Bed Erodibility FIGURE 2 | Total suspended solids (TSS) collec... more Wright et al. Controls on Sediment Bed Erodibility FIGURE 2 | Total suspended solids (TSS) collected 1-m below the surface and 1-m above the bottom (top panels) and salinity contours (bottom panels) along the York River estuary during low river discharge (left panels) and high river discharge (right panels) Adapted by permission from Springer Nature, Estuaries (Lin and Kuo, 2001), copyright 2001.

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst data and bottom burst data collected as part o... more Dataset consists of profile and water column burst data and bottom burst data collected as part of a 3-hour anchor station survey in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering

Oysters are hypothesized to affect the shear strength of nearby surficial seafloor sediment as fr... more Oysters are hypothesized to affect the shear strength of nearby surficial seafloor sediment as fragments of oyster shells (shell hash) are typically more angular relative to sand particles alone, among other differences. Resistance to shearing is well characterized by the friction angle, which is estimated in this study from vacuum triaxial laboratory and portable free-fall penetrometer field tests. Friction angles of sediment with shell hash were higher relative to those of sediment without shell hash (via hydrochloric acid treatment) on average by about 19% (36.0°-30.2°, respectively). Triaxial confining pressures ranged between 2.1 and 49.0 kPa to simulate subtidal and intertidal aquatic conditions. Regularity (average of particle roundness and sphericity) values of sediment samples with shell hash were found to be less than those of samples without by about 6% (0.66 and 0.70, respectively), which indicates the particle shapes of the former are, overall, more angular and less spherical. Further study and methodology improvements are needed to decrease the approximate 9°friction angle discrepancy estimated from fieldand laboratory-based tests. Knowing oysters have the potential to increase sediment shearing resistance helps establish a pathway of how shellfish colonies may contribute to mitigating surficial erosion around coastal infrastructure.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

The process of fine-grained seabed sediment consolidation is governed by a variety of factors inc... more The process of fine-grained seabed sediment consolidation is governed by a variety of factors including grain size distributions, organics, sediment dynamics, and anthropogenic activities (e.g., marine traffic and dredging). Poorly consolidated sediments are typically softer and more susceptible to mobility from shear, while over consolidated sediments are typically stiffer with a higher threshold for mobility from shear. Knowledge of the state of consolidation of seabed sediments is important to assess and maintain navigable depth, predict length scales of seafloor roughness, and assess seabed-object interaction (e.g., anchors, unexploded ordnance). For example, the porosity varies significantly for the same type of sediment for different states of consolidation. Variability is expected and has been qualitatively demonstrated in acoustic seabed surveying including high- and low-frequency techniques. In this study, seabed sediments were characterized using a portable free fall penet...

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2018