Catharine Lorber - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Catharine Lorber
A lecture presented to the Oxford Numismatic Society in October 2023, examining some changes betw... more A lecture presented to the Oxford Numismatic Society in October 2023, examining some changes between the cultures of the Ptolemaic kingdom of the third and second centuries, changes within the second century itself, and how these are reflected on coinage. The accompanying slide show illustrates the talk and includes references to the forthcoming Coins of the Ptolemaic Empire, Part II.
These illustrations accompany the catalogue, with commentary, of CH 9.77.
CH IX, 77 was a large savings hoard formed over the course of several generations, evidently in L... more CH IX, 77 was a large savings hoard formed over the course of several generations, evidently in Larissa or its environs since coins of Larissa comprised by far its largest component. Its contents may be summarized as follow: Larissa 9 triobols, 242 drachms; Tricca 45 triobols; Pharsalus 126 triobols, 7 drachms; Phocis 5 triobols; Thebes 10 staters; Aegina 6 staters; Sicyon 1 drachm. A full catalogue follows the brief commentary. Coinage of Larissa The common bull wrestler drachms of the fifth to early fourth century have not received much attention in scholarship since the 1925 overview of Fritz Herrmann. 1 Leaving aside archaic issues not represented in CH IX, 77, he classified nine groups based on style, typology, reverse legend, and shape of the reverse die, and he illustrated 21 examples in his plates. 2 CH IX, 77 included 83 bull wrestler drachms. These coins occurred in yet greater numbers in CH IX, 65 and 67 (225 and 147 examples, respectively). Comparison among the three hoards, augmented by further comparisons with a more recent Thessalian hoard in commerce in 2007 and with individual coins in commerce, yielded many die links. Nine sequences of die-linked issues have been identified, but these are not equivalent to Herrmann's nine groups. There are reverse die links between obverse dies of different types not associated by Herrmann, and obverse die links between various forms and arrangements of the reverse legend. These links do not imply any important revision to Herrmann's general sequence of types, but they do demonstrate that the legend is not a very convenient basis for a classification, even if it does exhibit a certain evolution over time. Better chronological criteria (already used by Herrmann) are the declining visibility of the edges of the square reverse die, and eventually the interchangeable use of round reverse dies alongside square ones. CH IX, 77 contained 121 early facing head drachms. This is certainly less than the 308 of CH IX, 65, which provided the material for the first die study of the series. 3 But CH IX, 77 revealed twelve new obverse dies, one with a new head type (see no. 220), 29 new reverse dies, and eleven new combinations of dies recorded in the first study. Full publication of CH IX, 77 affords an opportunity to present a large sampling of the early facing head drachm series in the corrected order implied by the contents of the 2007 Thessalian hoard in commerce, as well as by various internal clues. 4 Of particular note are several coins belonging to Group Two (Group Three of the earlier study). This group is characterized by inferior mint practice, including the reengraving of damaged obverse dies without fully repairing the flaws 5 and frequent double striking of the reverses. Most known examples of O10/R42 (O36/R3 in the earlier study) are so double struck. The reverse of no. 114 of the present hoard precisely resembles that of CH IX, 64, no. 23, and
Oxford University Press eBooks, Feb 10, 2012
Electrum, Jun 26, 2023
The paper provides a dossier of honors offered to Seleukid and Ptolemaic kings, preceded by a bri... more The paper provides a dossier of honors offered to Seleukid and Ptolemaic kings, preceded by a brief introduction.
SBL Press eBooks, Mar 31, 2021
Schweizer Münzblätter = Gazette Numismatique Suisse, 1997
Item does not contain fulltext728 p
This die study was undertaken as an attempt to test the classification of the Cypriote coinage of... more This die study was undertaken as an attempt to test the classification of the Cypriote coinage of Ptolemy II in Coins of the Ptolemaic Empire, Part I. Specifically it sought to test the classification of coins with a Galatian shield in right field, issued in the name of Ptolemy the King, and coins with a rejuvenated or idealized portrait, issued in the name of Ptolemy Soter. The chronological framework depends on the chronologies of non-Cypriote mints. Alexandria produced an intensely die-linked coinage in gold and silver bearing the Galatian shield (CPE 278-306), a coinage that is plausibly associated with the outbreak of the First Syrian War in 275/4. Cypriote issues bearing the Galatian shield are presumed contemporary or later. The replacement of the royal title by the Soter legend, and the simultaneous introduction of rejuvenated or idealized portraits, is fixed to 261/60 by the explicitly dated coinage of the five Syro-Phoenician mints-Sidon, Tyre, Ptolemais, Ioppe, and Gaza. Three mints are involved in the die study, assumed to correspond to the three major mints of Ptolemaic Cyprus-Salamis, Citium, and Paphos. These are already attested by mintmarks on gold mnaieia of Ptolemy II, CPE 483-495. The silver, unfortunately, does not bear mintmarks and its attribution is speculative in more ways than one. Because Uncertain Mints 9 and 10 were active under Ptolemy I, they probably correspond to Salamis and Citium (in some order). P. Keen (2012) reasoned that the early precious metal mints would have been opened at trading centers which had the ability to "capture" foreign coins for conversion into Ptolemaic currency. Salamis and Citium were such commercial centers. Paphos, in contrast, was mainly active in exporting timber and copper to Alexandria, see Młynarczyk (1990), pp. 108, 109. The die study involved close attention to the portraiture, and this in turn led to the reattribution of two of the Galatian shield tetradrachm emissions, CPE 438 and 439, here nos. 1 and 2, from Uncertain Mint 10 to Uncertain Mint 9. Otherwise the mint attributions proposed in CPE were retained. The remaining Galatian shield tetradrachms of Uncertain Mint 9 bear the monogram fi above a secondary control, while its Soter tetradrachms feature three controls arranged vertically, initially with KL at the top, but later varying. The Galatian shield tetradrachms of Uncertain Mint 10 are distinguished by three controls arranged vertically, with PT in the uppermost position; the Soter tetradrachms of this mint also display three controls with PT in the uppermost position. The Galatian shield tetradrachms of Uncertain Mint 19 have only two controls, with PT at the top, and the few Soter emissions of this mint have either two or three controls, with PT at the top. Only one new variety was encountered in the course of research, no. 12, a Soter tetradrachm with controls clearly belonging to the series assigned to Uncertain Mint 9. The links identified in the die study involve obverse dies, with rare exceptions. Four die links reported in CPE for the Galatian shield tetradrachms of Uncertain Mint 9 did not stand up to scrutiny, but two new links were discovered for the Soter tetradrachms. A new die link was identified for the Galatian shield tetradrachms of Uncertain Mint 10,
Israel Numismatic Research 14, 2019
Tetradrachms that match the description of Svoronos 1001 in fact emanated from three mints, mainl... more Tetradrachms that match the description of Svoronos 1001 in fact emanated from three mints, mainly Alexandria, but also a mint in Asia Minor and another probably in the Syro-Phoenician region. The paper presents a die study and also treats patterns of die use and circulation. The total volume of production is estimated, and in light of this estimate a provisional conclusion is offered about the role of this coinage in financing the Third Syrian War.
Revue Belge de Numismatique et Sigillographie, 2018
Catharine LORBER * THE SILVER MINTS OF ARIARATHES V EUSEBES OF CAPPADOCIA Abstract-e article ide... more Catharine LORBER * THE SILVER MINTS OF ARIARATHES V EUSEBES OF CAPPADOCIA Abstract-e article identifies six series of silver coin of Ariarathes V which differ in their control marks, portrait styles, and in some cases in their patterns of die use. ese series represent the output of at least four mints. e attributions require a review of the old dispute between Bono Simonetta and Otto Mørkholm; Mørkholm's studies of the coinae of Ariarathes VI throuh IX; and the implications of Cappadocian tetradrachms struck in the name of Antiochus VII. Every study used a different termi-noloy before proposin tentative mint attributions, and these are reconciled in an appendix at the end of the article. * anks are due to Panos Iossif for performing some statistical calculations and for helpﬔl discussion of the quantitative aspects of the coinage. [1] Reinach 1888.
Revue Belge de Numismatique et Sigillographie, 2018
Catharine LORBER * THE SILVER MINTS OF ARIARATHES V EUSEBES OF CAPPADOCIA Abstract-e article ide... more Catharine LORBER * THE SILVER MINTS OF ARIARATHES V EUSEBES OF CAPPADOCIA Abstract-e article identifies six series of silver coin of Ariarathes V which differ in their control marks, portrait styles, and in some cases in their patterns of die use. ese series represent the output of at least four mints. e attributions require a review of the old dispute between Bono Simonetta and Otto Mørkholm; Mørkholm's studies of the coinae of Ariarathes VI throuh IX; and the implications of Cappadocian tetradrachms struck in the name of Antiochus VII. Every study used a different termi-noloy before proposin tentative mint attributions, and these are reconciled in an appendix at the end of the article. * anks are due to Panos Iossif for performing some statistical calculations and for helpﬔl discussion of the quantitative aspects of the coinage. [1] Reinach 1888.
This paper updates Arnold Spaer's publication of the Qazvin hoard of 1965-66 in Coin Hoards I (19... more This paper updates Arnold Spaer's publication of the Qazvin hoard of 1965-66 in Coin Hoards I (1975). It adds citations of literature published since 1975, corrects certain mint attributions to conform to current thinking, and adds new die link information, notably of links to the Ecbatana horseman tetradrachms of Seleucus I, which were unknown in 1975.
Penn State University Press eBooks, Jun 18, 2021
Revue belge de numismatique et de sigillographie, 2019
Schweizerische numismatische rundschau = Revue suisse de numismatique, 2015
A lecture presented to the Oxford Numismatic Society in October 2023, examining some changes betw... more A lecture presented to the Oxford Numismatic Society in October 2023, examining some changes between the cultures of the Ptolemaic kingdom of the third and second centuries, changes within the second century itself, and how these are reflected on coinage. The accompanying slide show illustrates the talk and includes references to the forthcoming Coins of the Ptolemaic Empire, Part II.
These illustrations accompany the catalogue, with commentary, of CH 9.77.
CH IX, 77 was a large savings hoard formed over the course of several generations, evidently in L... more CH IX, 77 was a large savings hoard formed over the course of several generations, evidently in Larissa or its environs since coins of Larissa comprised by far its largest component. Its contents may be summarized as follow: Larissa 9 triobols, 242 drachms; Tricca 45 triobols; Pharsalus 126 triobols, 7 drachms; Phocis 5 triobols; Thebes 10 staters; Aegina 6 staters; Sicyon 1 drachm. A full catalogue follows the brief commentary. Coinage of Larissa The common bull wrestler drachms of the fifth to early fourth century have not received much attention in scholarship since the 1925 overview of Fritz Herrmann. 1 Leaving aside archaic issues not represented in CH IX, 77, he classified nine groups based on style, typology, reverse legend, and shape of the reverse die, and he illustrated 21 examples in his plates. 2 CH IX, 77 included 83 bull wrestler drachms. These coins occurred in yet greater numbers in CH IX, 65 and 67 (225 and 147 examples, respectively). Comparison among the three hoards, augmented by further comparisons with a more recent Thessalian hoard in commerce in 2007 and with individual coins in commerce, yielded many die links. Nine sequences of die-linked issues have been identified, but these are not equivalent to Herrmann's nine groups. There are reverse die links between obverse dies of different types not associated by Herrmann, and obverse die links between various forms and arrangements of the reverse legend. These links do not imply any important revision to Herrmann's general sequence of types, but they do demonstrate that the legend is not a very convenient basis for a classification, even if it does exhibit a certain evolution over time. Better chronological criteria (already used by Herrmann) are the declining visibility of the edges of the square reverse die, and eventually the interchangeable use of round reverse dies alongside square ones. CH IX, 77 contained 121 early facing head drachms. This is certainly less than the 308 of CH IX, 65, which provided the material for the first die study of the series. 3 But CH IX, 77 revealed twelve new obverse dies, one with a new head type (see no. 220), 29 new reverse dies, and eleven new combinations of dies recorded in the first study. Full publication of CH IX, 77 affords an opportunity to present a large sampling of the early facing head drachm series in the corrected order implied by the contents of the 2007 Thessalian hoard in commerce, as well as by various internal clues. 4 Of particular note are several coins belonging to Group Two (Group Three of the earlier study). This group is characterized by inferior mint practice, including the reengraving of damaged obverse dies without fully repairing the flaws 5 and frequent double striking of the reverses. Most known examples of O10/R42 (O36/R3 in the earlier study) are so double struck. The reverse of no. 114 of the present hoard precisely resembles that of CH IX, 64, no. 23, and
Oxford University Press eBooks, Feb 10, 2012
Electrum, Jun 26, 2023
The paper provides a dossier of honors offered to Seleukid and Ptolemaic kings, preceded by a bri... more The paper provides a dossier of honors offered to Seleukid and Ptolemaic kings, preceded by a brief introduction.
SBL Press eBooks, Mar 31, 2021
Schweizer Münzblätter = Gazette Numismatique Suisse, 1997
Item does not contain fulltext728 p
This die study was undertaken as an attempt to test the classification of the Cypriote coinage of... more This die study was undertaken as an attempt to test the classification of the Cypriote coinage of Ptolemy II in Coins of the Ptolemaic Empire, Part I. Specifically it sought to test the classification of coins with a Galatian shield in right field, issued in the name of Ptolemy the King, and coins with a rejuvenated or idealized portrait, issued in the name of Ptolemy Soter. The chronological framework depends on the chronologies of non-Cypriote mints. Alexandria produced an intensely die-linked coinage in gold and silver bearing the Galatian shield (CPE 278-306), a coinage that is plausibly associated with the outbreak of the First Syrian War in 275/4. Cypriote issues bearing the Galatian shield are presumed contemporary or later. The replacement of the royal title by the Soter legend, and the simultaneous introduction of rejuvenated or idealized portraits, is fixed to 261/60 by the explicitly dated coinage of the five Syro-Phoenician mints-Sidon, Tyre, Ptolemais, Ioppe, and Gaza. Three mints are involved in the die study, assumed to correspond to the three major mints of Ptolemaic Cyprus-Salamis, Citium, and Paphos. These are already attested by mintmarks on gold mnaieia of Ptolemy II, CPE 483-495. The silver, unfortunately, does not bear mintmarks and its attribution is speculative in more ways than one. Because Uncertain Mints 9 and 10 were active under Ptolemy I, they probably correspond to Salamis and Citium (in some order). P. Keen (2012) reasoned that the early precious metal mints would have been opened at trading centers which had the ability to "capture" foreign coins for conversion into Ptolemaic currency. Salamis and Citium were such commercial centers. Paphos, in contrast, was mainly active in exporting timber and copper to Alexandria, see Młynarczyk (1990), pp. 108, 109. The die study involved close attention to the portraiture, and this in turn led to the reattribution of two of the Galatian shield tetradrachm emissions, CPE 438 and 439, here nos. 1 and 2, from Uncertain Mint 10 to Uncertain Mint 9. Otherwise the mint attributions proposed in CPE were retained. The remaining Galatian shield tetradrachms of Uncertain Mint 9 bear the monogram fi above a secondary control, while its Soter tetradrachms feature three controls arranged vertically, initially with KL at the top, but later varying. The Galatian shield tetradrachms of Uncertain Mint 10 are distinguished by three controls arranged vertically, with PT in the uppermost position; the Soter tetradrachms of this mint also display three controls with PT in the uppermost position. The Galatian shield tetradrachms of Uncertain Mint 19 have only two controls, with PT at the top, and the few Soter emissions of this mint have either two or three controls, with PT at the top. Only one new variety was encountered in the course of research, no. 12, a Soter tetradrachm with controls clearly belonging to the series assigned to Uncertain Mint 9. The links identified in the die study involve obverse dies, with rare exceptions. Four die links reported in CPE for the Galatian shield tetradrachms of Uncertain Mint 9 did not stand up to scrutiny, but two new links were discovered for the Soter tetradrachms. A new die link was identified for the Galatian shield tetradrachms of Uncertain Mint 10,
Israel Numismatic Research 14, 2019
Tetradrachms that match the description of Svoronos 1001 in fact emanated from three mints, mainl... more Tetradrachms that match the description of Svoronos 1001 in fact emanated from three mints, mainly Alexandria, but also a mint in Asia Minor and another probably in the Syro-Phoenician region. The paper presents a die study and also treats patterns of die use and circulation. The total volume of production is estimated, and in light of this estimate a provisional conclusion is offered about the role of this coinage in financing the Third Syrian War.
Revue Belge de Numismatique et Sigillographie, 2018
Catharine LORBER * THE SILVER MINTS OF ARIARATHES V EUSEBES OF CAPPADOCIA Abstract-e article ide... more Catharine LORBER * THE SILVER MINTS OF ARIARATHES V EUSEBES OF CAPPADOCIA Abstract-e article identifies six series of silver coin of Ariarathes V which differ in their control marks, portrait styles, and in some cases in their patterns of die use. ese series represent the output of at least four mints. e attributions require a review of the old dispute between Bono Simonetta and Otto Mørkholm; Mørkholm's studies of the coinae of Ariarathes VI throuh IX; and the implications of Cappadocian tetradrachms struck in the name of Antiochus VII. Every study used a different termi-noloy before proposin tentative mint attributions, and these are reconciled in an appendix at the end of the article. * anks are due to Panos Iossif for performing some statistical calculations and for helpﬔl discussion of the quantitative aspects of the coinage. [1] Reinach 1888.
Revue Belge de Numismatique et Sigillographie, 2018
Catharine LORBER * THE SILVER MINTS OF ARIARATHES V EUSEBES OF CAPPADOCIA Abstract-e article ide... more Catharine LORBER * THE SILVER MINTS OF ARIARATHES V EUSEBES OF CAPPADOCIA Abstract-e article identifies six series of silver coin of Ariarathes V which differ in their control marks, portrait styles, and in some cases in their patterns of die use. ese series represent the output of at least four mints. e attributions require a review of the old dispute between Bono Simonetta and Otto Mørkholm; Mørkholm's studies of the coinae of Ariarathes VI throuh IX; and the implications of Cappadocian tetradrachms struck in the name of Antiochus VII. Every study used a different termi-noloy before proposin tentative mint attributions, and these are reconciled in an appendix at the end of the article. * anks are due to Panos Iossif for performing some statistical calculations and for helpﬔl discussion of the quantitative aspects of the coinage. [1] Reinach 1888.
This paper updates Arnold Spaer's publication of the Qazvin hoard of 1965-66 in Coin Hoards I (19... more This paper updates Arnold Spaer's publication of the Qazvin hoard of 1965-66 in Coin Hoards I (1975). It adds citations of literature published since 1975, corrects certain mint attributions to conform to current thinking, and adds new die link information, notably of links to the Ecbatana horseman tetradrachms of Seleucus I, which were unknown in 1975.
Penn State University Press eBooks, Jun 18, 2021
Revue belge de numismatique et de sigillographie, 2019
Schweizerische numismatische rundschau = Revue suisse de numismatique, 2015
Due to the date of publication, this book does not exist in the form a PDF. I cannot fulfill requ... more Due to the date of publication, this book does not exist in the form a PDF. I cannot fulfill requests for a copy.
Due to the date of publication, this book does not exist in the form of a PDF. I cannot fulfill r... more Due to the date of publication, this book does not exist in the form of a PDF. I cannot fulfill requests for a copy.
Phraates III. 70/69 -58/7 BC. AR Drachm (4.05 gm). Mithradatkart mint. Struck circa 63/2-62/1 BC.... more Phraates III. 70/69 -58/7 BC. AR Drachm (4.05 gm). Mithradatkart mint. Struck circa 63/2-62/1 BC. Diademed facing bust / BASILEWS MEG-ALOU ARSA-KOU EIOPATOROS (sic) EUERGETOU EPIFANOU-S EKAI (sic) FILELLHNOS, Arsakes I seated right on throne, holding bow; MQ monogram below bow. List of nicknames Auletes (= flute-player, oboist [for Ptolemy XII]) Dosôn (doubtful meaning: "the one who will give", since he constantly promised and never gave] ? [for Antigonos II]) Gonatas (doubtful meaning: "from Gonnoi" or "knockkneed", from a piece of armour covering the knee [for Antigonos III], see Brown 1979) Grypos (= hook-nose [for Antiochos VIII]) Hierax (= falcon [for Antiochos, the son of Antiochos II]) Lathyros (= chickpea [for Ptolemy XI]) Keraunos (= thunderbolt [for Seleukos]) Monophtalmos (= one-eyed) Physkôn (= belly-fat [for Ptolemy VIII]) Pôgôn (= bearded [for Seleukos II])