Catherine Ndinda - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Catherine Ndinda

Journal of Global Health Reports

Community attitudes towards individuals living

Credit guarantee scheme (CGS) is one of the popular instruments used to alleviate financial const... more Credit guarantee scheme (CGS) is one of the popular instruments used to alleviate financial constraints among small entrepreneurs. However, debate abounds on whether intervening through CGSs is the best option to address this market imperfection. Empirical evidence is not only scarce, inconsistent and inconclusive. Data on credit guarantees targeting farmers’ cooperatives is scarce. This article reviews the existing studies on CGS, with the purpose of explicating the role and impacts of credit guarantees and drawing lessons for farmers’ cooperatives. Literature suggests that CGSs are designed and implemented in different ways in different contexts. There are also variations in the focus areas and the methodologies employed by existing studies. The studies allude to the positive contribution of CGS, in improving credit allocation for small enterprises. The paper identifies the gaps in studies on CGS as they relate to farmer co-operatives and also highlights areas for future research.

AIDS Care, 2007

Antenatal sero-prevalence rates of 30% and more have been reported in KwaZulu-Natal since 1998 an... more Antenatal sero-prevalence rates of 30% and more have been reported in KwaZulu-Natal since 1998 and over 50% of all adult deaths in 2000 were due to AIDS. Understanding the changing social and cultural attitudes to AIDS is important in providing contextual information to aid the design of interventions. This paper examines community attitudes towards individuals living with HIV. Eleven focus groups were conducted with men and women. Participants were asked to discuss how people living with HIV were treated within the family and community. The discussions were recorded and transcribed in isiZulu and then translated into English. These were coded using Nud*ist 6 software to identify key themes and subthemes using content analysis. Gender and area differences were investigated. Generally participants expressed positive attitudes to the treatment of AIDS patients and felt that people living with HIV were being cared for within families. However, they reported more negative attitudes to those living with HIV by the general community and suggested these attitudes and acts of discrimination influenced disclosure. Discrimination included physical isolation and symbolism such as referring to them using a 'three finger' gesture. Participants also reported mixed responses to known HIV-positive individuals, ranging from sympathy to a lack of care, on the grounds that the person is certain to die. There are gender differences in terms of the attitudes towards people living with HIV. Compassion and hopelessness seem to be more common among women than men.

Entrepreneurship is considered one of the key drivers of economic development. It is widely recog... more Entrepreneurship is considered one of the key drivers of economic development. It is widely recognized that female entrepreneurs in formal and informal sectors play crucial roles in building and sustaining economic growth and development. In South Africa, however, women’s participation in entrepreneurial activities remains on the periphery of formal government policy. This is despite formal pronouncements and recognition that women’s integration and role in the economy is vital for both the economic and socio-political development of the country. Indeed, the South African government has introduced various policies and programmes in line with the Sustainable Development Goal 5 – achieve gender equality, social inclusion and human rights. Such programmes are aimed at generally empowering women. This paper examines various government programmes aimed at enhancing women’s entrepreneurship in KwaZulu-Natal. It 1 Obianuju (Uju) E. Okeke-Uzodike is a Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Manag...

Journal of international women's studies, 2018

Poverty is one of the most challenging socio-economic problems in South Africa. Though poverty ra... more Poverty is one of the most challenging socio-economic problems in South Africa. Though poverty rates have been substantially reduced in the post-apartheid period, many South Africans remain poor. Available evidence also indicates a substantial gender gradient to the prevalence of poverty in the country. A standard indicator of gendered power structures is the gender of the household head. We examine the effect of transitioning from a maleto a female-headed household over time (relative to remaining in a male-headed household) on changes in the probability of transitioning into poverty from a non-poor state over a twoto six-year period. This type of longitudinal analysis is largely lacking in South Africa, where most previous studies have largely focused on cross-sectional and repeated cross-sectional analyses. The results indicate that transitioning from a maleto female-headed household is associated with an increase in the probability of falling into poverty from a previous non-poo...

Female household headship is generally associated with higher poverty incidence relative to male ... more Female household headship is generally associated with higher poverty incidence relative to male headship. Female headship has generally been on the increase in South Africa. And while generally declining over the post-apartheid period, poverty has increased in the recent past. South Africa also has high unemployment rates. However, there is scant evidence on the role of employment in mediating the relationship between female headship and poverty in South Africa. Using South Africa’s National Income Dynamics Study dataset, we find that female headship is positively associated with complete household non-employment, while the latter is positively associated with poverty. However, female-headed households (FHHs) are heterogeneous in nature, and the importance of employment in eradicating the poverty differential between FHHs and male-headed households (MHHs) depends on employment-related household structure. While employment generally eradicates the poverty differential between FHHs a...

This study explored determinants of coffee farmer cooperatives’ demand for institutional credit u... more This study explored determinants of coffee farmer cooperatives’ demand for institutional credit under the Ethiopian context. The data was collected from 100 farmers primary cooperatives and analysed using descriptive statistics and Heckman two-step selection econometric model. The study reveals that the vast majority of the study cooperatives have potential demand for credit, while the revealed demand was found to be relatively low. Different sets of variables were found to influence cooperatives’ potential and actual demand for institutional credit in different ways. In order to address constraints preventing farmer cooperatives from effectively demanding and accessing institutional credit, recommendations are made in relation to the borrower cooperatives, lending banks and government policy.

Indicator South Africa, 2001

Jenda: A Journal of Culture and African Women Studies, 2005

This special joint issue of the Journal of International Women's Studies (JIWS) and WAGADU fo... more This special joint issue of the Journal of International Women's Studies (JIWS) and WAGADU focuses on women's activism and women's movements in different countries and cultures throughout Africa and the African Diaspora. The project represents a collaboration between two online, open-access journals that address gender and women's issues within a transnational and cross-cultural context. The essays, which are distributed between the two journals, use interdisciplinary feminist and activist approaches to reveal the different forms of personal and communal actions being undertaken by African women today in cultural, social, economic, and political arenas. In showing the diversity of African women's activism; the underlying issues around which activism develops; and the impact of women's activism on individuals, communities, and nations, this dual project has relevance for women and men throughout the world. As the Nobel Prize is being awarded for the discovery ...

This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any ... more This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.

This study examined the effects of a partial credit guarantee in increasing lending to credit con... more This study examined the effects of a partial credit guarantee in increasing lending to credit constrained farmer cooperatives under the Ethiopian context. The data were generated through questionna...

But the observed trends have not been accompanied by commensurate easing of gender disparities in... more But the observed trends have not been accompanied by commensurate easing of gender disparities in the labour market with respect to underemployment, duration out of the labour market, wage bargaining power and income levels. The high levels of women’s underemployment indicate that when women leave the labour force, it is often difficult for them to re-enter. There is thus an urgent need to address the barriers to women’s reentry into the labour force, particularly if they left work because of childbearing responsibilities.

Exchanging Symbols: Monuments and memorials in post-apartheid South Africa, Mar 27, 2020

Women's history in South Africa is replete with examples of exclusion, discrimination, and margin... more Women's history in South Africa is replete with examples of exclusion, discrimination, and marginalization. The transition to democracy in 1994 and inclusion of gender equality in the post-apartheid constitution in 1996 were seen as steps in the right direction towards addressing women's oppression and creating gender equity in accessing housing finance. The subsequent formulation of policies and institutions meant to achieve gender equality put women's concerns in the public domain. However women's access to capital and housing finance in particular remain challenges in accessing improved housing. An exploration of women's position with regard to housing finance points to the ways in which women were systematically excluded from accessing housing during apartheid. While the post-apartheid housing policies have been inclusionary to women, access to finance from both the traditional and nontraditional housing finance institutions remains a challenge. This paper argues that women's involvement in rotating savings schemes has been key in providing them with finance for the consolidation of subsidized housing in South Africa. Although micro-credit institutions continue to respond to women's need for housing finance, equality in access to housing finance will only be achieved when all the role players, both formal and informal, remove the obstacles that constrain women's access to capital and credit for investment in housing development.

Africa Insight, 2007

This article discusses policy issues around HIV/ AIDS, through a review of international and Sout... more This article discusses policy issues around HIV/ AIDS, through a review of international and South African literature on housing. The article identifi es gaps in the existing housing and other sectoral policies and makes suggestions on the possible policy options that can be devised to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa's built environment. The contribution of this article lies in its focus on housing policy and the role that it can play in the prevention, treatment and care of those infected with HIV/AIDS, as well as those affected by this pandemic, such as widows and orphans. African Insight Vol. 36 (3&4) 2006: pp. 95-114

Background: Tobacco use is the world's leading preventable cause of illness and death and the mos... more Background: Tobacco use is the world's leading preventable cause of illness and death and the most important risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases (heart attack, stroke, congestive obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer). Tobacco control is one of the World Health Organization's "best-buys" interventions to prevent NCDs. This study assessed the use of a multi-sectoral approach (MSA) in developing and implementing tobacco control policies in South Africa and Togo. Methods: This two-country case study consisted of a document review of tobacco control policies and of key informant interviews (N = 56) about the content, context, stakeholders, and strategies employed throughout policy formulation and implementation in South Africa and Togo. To guide our analysis, we used the Comprehensive Framework for Multi-Sectoral Approach to Health Policy, which is built around four major constructs of context, content, stakeholders and strategies. Results: The findings show that the formulation of tobacco control policies in both countries was driven locally by the political, historical, social and economic contexts, and globally by the adoption WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). In both countries, the health department led policy formulation and implementation. The stakeholders involved in South Africa were more diverse, proactive and dynamic than those in Togo, whereas the strategies employed were more straightforward in Togo than in South Africa. The extent of understanding and use of MSA in both countries consisted of an inter-sectoral action for health, whereby the health department strove to collaborate with other sectors within and outside the government. Consequently, information sharing was identified as the main outcome of the interactions between institutions and interest groups within and across three critical sectors of the state, namely the public (government), the private and the civil society. Conclusion: Tobacco control policies in South Africa and Togo were formulated and implemented from an intersectoral approach perspective, which relied heavily on information transfer between stakeholders and less on collaborative problem-solving approach. Incorporation of multiple stakeholders allowed both countries to formulate policies to meet FCTC goals for tobacco control and NCD reduction.