Catherine Yap - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Catherine Yap
In comprehending the meaning of a talk, it is very crucial to understand the talk not only on the... more In comprehending the meaning of a talk, it is very crucial to understand the talk not only on the dictionary level, but also according to the context in which the talk occurs. This thesis aimed to find out what Discourse Markers (DMs) were used in the Ellen DeGeneres Show and what are the functions of those DMs based on the theories that had been decided before. To simplify the explanation of the data analysis, the writer divided the analysis into two; DMs with the textual functions and DMs with the interpersonal functions. In this thesis, the writer made use of the Ellen DeGeneres Show transcripts as the data. After that, the writer has done a process called coding in which helped the writer to determine the functions of each DM found. The writer concluded that by analyzing the textual and interpersonal functions, the reader will be able to comprehend the meaning of the text better.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 1998
Returns to Returning: Who Went Abroad and What Does it Matter?* We examine the labor market perfo... more Returns to Returning: Who Went Abroad and What Does it Matter?* We examine the labor market performance of return migrants using the Hungarian Household Panel Survey. Two distinct selection issues are considered in the estimation of the earnings equation. The result that there is a "premium" to work experience abroad for women is robust across models we considered. This premium varies by former host country. For men, the return to working abroad is not generally significant, except for those Hungarians who worked in non-European OECD countries.
East Asian Policy, 2013
A 2009 American Society of Civil Engineers report indicates significant underinvestment in the ma... more A 2009 American Society of Civil Engineers report indicates significant underinvestment in the maintenance and upgrading of US infrastructure. The group estimates a five-year investment of US$2.2 trillion is required. This presents an exciting opportunity for Chinese construction and engineering firms. Because infrastructure work provides long-term economic benefits, if done without controversy, they might generate goodwill towards China and may even help advance Chinese commercial interests in the United States.
Review of International Economics, 2004
The paper asks whether exports are affected by importers' patent rights regimes using a gravity t... more The paper asks whether exports are affected by importers' patent rights regimes using a gravity trade equation. US export data to 71 countries from 1970 to 1992 are used. A two-way random-effects panel indicates that patent rights regimes per se do not matter; they matter with importing countries' imitative abilities. For a country with an "average" imitative ability, US R&D-intensive exports increase by 4-9% for a unit increase in the patent rights index; a unit increase in the patent rights index leads to a drop in US non-R&Dintensive exports by about 8-11%.
Clinical and experimental immunology, 1978
Evidence for complement utilization in middle ear fluids (MEF) from patients with otitis media wi... more Evidence for complement utilization in middle ear fluids (MEF) from patients with otitis media with effusion was sought. It was found that cleavage products of C3, C4 and Factor B could be demonstrated immunochemically in MEF, and that native C3 was present in much lower concentrations than other proteins, relative to their serum concentrations. Haemolytic assays for C1-C5 showed that early complement components are inactivated in MEF. Potential mechanisms for complement utilization in MEF are discussed.
Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch ge... more Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
Pacific Economic Review, 2008
The empirical literature has generated mixed correlations between research and development (R&... more The empirical literature has generated mixed correlations between research and development (R&D) undertaken by domestic firms and the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) by their multinational rivals. Further, the existing theoretical explanations of such empirical results appear to be inadequate. This study presents an alternative game-theoretic explanation for the observed correlations. The results show that the seemingly contradictory observed
Emerging Giants, 2010
We revisit the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis using 1987-1995 data for Chinese prov... more We revisit the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis using 1987-1995 data for Chinese provinces. A comparison of off-sample (1996-2004) predictions to actual emissions indicates that more stringent rules are still needed to fight industrial (waste water and dust) pollution. Auxiliary regressions show that conditional on income, northern provinces have lower industrial waste water pollution; non-coastal and provinces with smaller secondary industry shares have lower industrial (waste water, COD, and dust) pollution; provinces with smaller state-owned enterprises share have lower industrial COD pollution; and, commitment to control industrial dust pollution is correlated with local governments' budget balance.
Review of Industrial Organization - REV INDUSTRIAL ORGAN, 2000
The U.S. experienced a surge in foreign directinvestment (FDI) during the 1980s.To date, we do no... more The U.S. experienced a surge in foreign directinvestment (FDI) during the 1980s.To date, we do notfully understand what the research and development(R & D) effects of FDI are. FDI can affect the hostcountry's R & D activities in at least two ways. First,if domestic firms perceive foreign entrants as seriousthreats to their domestic market share, they willchange their R & D policies hence industry-wide R & Dintensity also changes. Second, the increase in R & Dintensity may be attributed to foreign firms' R & Dactivities to acclimatize to U.S. conditions. Using apanel of 4-digit SIC industries from 1981–91, there issome evidence that the latter scenario may be apossible explanation for the observed changes inindustry-wide R & D intensity.
The Annals of Regional Science, 2002
Agglomeration in U.S. manufacturing is more common than initially thought. This clustering arises... more Agglomeration in U.S. manufacturing is more common than initially thought. This clustering arises from location natural advantages and spillovers. Extant studies on agglomeration do not distinguish the activities of U.S.-owned plants from those that are foreign owned. This distinction is crucial since policies seem to have di¤erential impacts on both types of plants. I find that industry scale, resource intensity and urbanization economies have larger impacts on foreign plant agglomeration whereas knowledge intensity has a larger e¤ect on domestic plant agglomeration.
Review of World Economics, 2007
The author would like to thank an anonymous referee whose comments and suggestions have greatly i... more The author would like to thank an anonymous referee whose comments and suggestions have greatly improved the paper. Miao Miao Yu provided invaluable research assistance.
Review of International Economics, 2006
Review of Development Economics, 2005
This paper examines the earnings determinants of the self-employed and wage earners in Hungary in... more This paper examines the earnings determinants of the self-employed and wage earners in Hungary in the mid-1990s, taking into account two forms of selection: selection into working or non-working for every individual in its sample and selection into self-employment or wage-earning jobs for workers only. Previous studies use switching regression to examine the returns to individual characteristics, taking into account only selection into self-employment or wage-earning jobs. The authors find that the estimated returns to individual characteristics when accounting for both forms of selection, differ from estimates correcting for only selection into self-employment or wage-earning jobs. They also find that the earnings determinants of the two sectors are not significantly different from each other.
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2000
Japan and the World Economy, 1997
I empirically examine the decisions of the Japanese automobile companies to enter the U.S. market... more I empirically examine the decisions of the Japanese automobile companies to enter the U.S. market as direct investors given that they are currently exporting to this market. In particular, I am interested in learning how trade restrictions, in addition to U.S. policies and market conditions, affect these investment decisions. A two-step estimation procedure is used to account for the possible
Economics Letters, 2001
We examine the time path of foreign direct and portfolio investment in developing countries to te... more We examine the time path of foreign direct and portfolio investment in developing countries to test if shocks have permanent or temporary effects. Our findings indicate that shock effects are temporary. The results are robust to the strictness of balance of payment controls.
Applied Economics, 2004
Much has been written on the connection between migration and international trade. Human history ... more Much has been written on the connection between migration and international trade. Human history provides important examples of migrations leading to increased trade activity, with perhaps the most well-known example of the ‘Overseas Chinese’. This study investigates the trade-related importance of Chinese and other immigrants into the USA. Previous studies may have underestimated (or overestimated) the relationship between trade and
In comprehending the meaning of a talk, it is very crucial to understand the talk not only on the... more In comprehending the meaning of a talk, it is very crucial to understand the talk not only on the dictionary level, but also according to the context in which the talk occurs. This thesis aimed to find out what Discourse Markers (DMs) were used in the Ellen DeGeneres Show and what are the functions of those DMs based on the theories that had been decided before. To simplify the explanation of the data analysis, the writer divided the analysis into two; DMs with the textual functions and DMs with the interpersonal functions. In this thesis, the writer made use of the Ellen DeGeneres Show transcripts as the data. After that, the writer has done a process called coding in which helped the writer to determine the functions of each DM found. The writer concluded that by analyzing the textual and interpersonal functions, the reader will be able to comprehend the meaning of the text better.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 1998
Returns to Returning: Who Went Abroad and What Does it Matter?* We examine the labor market perfo... more Returns to Returning: Who Went Abroad and What Does it Matter?* We examine the labor market performance of return migrants using the Hungarian Household Panel Survey. Two distinct selection issues are considered in the estimation of the earnings equation. The result that there is a "premium" to work experience abroad for women is robust across models we considered. This premium varies by former host country. For men, the return to working abroad is not generally significant, except for those Hungarians who worked in non-European OECD countries.
East Asian Policy, 2013
A 2009 American Society of Civil Engineers report indicates significant underinvestment in the ma... more A 2009 American Society of Civil Engineers report indicates significant underinvestment in the maintenance and upgrading of US infrastructure. The group estimates a five-year investment of US$2.2 trillion is required. This presents an exciting opportunity for Chinese construction and engineering firms. Because infrastructure work provides long-term economic benefits, if done without controversy, they might generate goodwill towards China and may even help advance Chinese commercial interests in the United States.
Review of International Economics, 2004
The paper asks whether exports are affected by importers' patent rights regimes using a gravity t... more The paper asks whether exports are affected by importers' patent rights regimes using a gravity trade equation. US export data to 71 countries from 1970 to 1992 are used. A two-way random-effects panel indicates that patent rights regimes per se do not matter; they matter with importing countries' imitative abilities. For a country with an "average" imitative ability, US R&D-intensive exports increase by 4-9% for a unit increase in the patent rights index; a unit increase in the patent rights index leads to a drop in US non-R&Dintensive exports by about 8-11%.
Clinical and experimental immunology, 1978
Evidence for complement utilization in middle ear fluids (MEF) from patients with otitis media wi... more Evidence for complement utilization in middle ear fluids (MEF) from patients with otitis media with effusion was sought. It was found that cleavage products of C3, C4 and Factor B could be demonstrated immunochemically in MEF, and that native C3 was present in much lower concentrations than other proteins, relative to their serum concentrations. Haemolytic assays for C1-C5 showed that early complement components are inactivated in MEF. Potential mechanisms for complement utilization in MEF are discussed.
Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch ge... more Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
Pacific Economic Review, 2008
The empirical literature has generated mixed correlations between research and development (R&... more The empirical literature has generated mixed correlations between research and development (R&D) undertaken by domestic firms and the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) by their multinational rivals. Further, the existing theoretical explanations of such empirical results appear to be inadequate. This study presents an alternative game-theoretic explanation for the observed correlations. The results show that the seemingly contradictory observed
Emerging Giants, 2010
We revisit the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis using 1987-1995 data for Chinese prov... more We revisit the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis using 1987-1995 data for Chinese provinces. A comparison of off-sample (1996-2004) predictions to actual emissions indicates that more stringent rules are still needed to fight industrial (waste water and dust) pollution. Auxiliary regressions show that conditional on income, northern provinces have lower industrial waste water pollution; non-coastal and provinces with smaller secondary industry shares have lower industrial (waste water, COD, and dust) pollution; provinces with smaller state-owned enterprises share have lower industrial COD pollution; and, commitment to control industrial dust pollution is correlated with local governments' budget balance.
Review of Industrial Organization - REV INDUSTRIAL ORGAN, 2000
The U.S. experienced a surge in foreign directinvestment (FDI) during the 1980s.To date, we do no... more The U.S. experienced a surge in foreign directinvestment (FDI) during the 1980s.To date, we do notfully understand what the research and development(R & D) effects of FDI are. FDI can affect the hostcountry's R & D activities in at least two ways. First,if domestic firms perceive foreign entrants as seriousthreats to their domestic market share, they willchange their R & D policies hence industry-wide R & Dintensity also changes. Second, the increase in R & Dintensity may be attributed to foreign firms' R & Dactivities to acclimatize to U.S. conditions. Using apanel of 4-digit SIC industries from 1981–91, there issome evidence that the latter scenario may be apossible explanation for the observed changes inindustry-wide R & D intensity.
The Annals of Regional Science, 2002
Agglomeration in U.S. manufacturing is more common than initially thought. This clustering arises... more Agglomeration in U.S. manufacturing is more common than initially thought. This clustering arises from location natural advantages and spillovers. Extant studies on agglomeration do not distinguish the activities of U.S.-owned plants from those that are foreign owned. This distinction is crucial since policies seem to have di¤erential impacts on both types of plants. I find that industry scale, resource intensity and urbanization economies have larger impacts on foreign plant agglomeration whereas knowledge intensity has a larger e¤ect on domestic plant agglomeration.
Review of World Economics, 2007
The author would like to thank an anonymous referee whose comments and suggestions have greatly i... more The author would like to thank an anonymous referee whose comments and suggestions have greatly improved the paper. Miao Miao Yu provided invaluable research assistance.
Review of International Economics, 2006
Review of Development Economics, 2005
This paper examines the earnings determinants of the self-employed and wage earners in Hungary in... more This paper examines the earnings determinants of the self-employed and wage earners in Hungary in the mid-1990s, taking into account two forms of selection: selection into working or non-working for every individual in its sample and selection into self-employment or wage-earning jobs for workers only. Previous studies use switching regression to examine the returns to individual characteristics, taking into account only selection into self-employment or wage-earning jobs. The authors find that the estimated returns to individual characteristics when accounting for both forms of selection, differ from estimates correcting for only selection into self-employment or wage-earning jobs. They also find that the earnings determinants of the two sectors are not significantly different from each other.
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2000
Japan and the World Economy, 1997
I empirically examine the decisions of the Japanese automobile companies to enter the U.S. market... more I empirically examine the decisions of the Japanese automobile companies to enter the U.S. market as direct investors given that they are currently exporting to this market. In particular, I am interested in learning how trade restrictions, in addition to U.S. policies and market conditions, affect these investment decisions. A two-step estimation procedure is used to account for the possible
Economics Letters, 2001
We examine the time path of foreign direct and portfolio investment in developing countries to te... more We examine the time path of foreign direct and portfolio investment in developing countries to test if shocks have permanent or temporary effects. Our findings indicate that shock effects are temporary. The results are robust to the strictness of balance of payment controls.
Applied Economics, 2004
Much has been written on the connection between migration and international trade. Human history ... more Much has been written on the connection between migration and international trade. Human history provides important examples of migrations leading to increased trade activity, with perhaps the most well-known example of the ‘Overseas Chinese’. This study investigates the trade-related importance of Chinese and other immigrants into the USA. Previous studies may have underestimated (or overestimated) the relationship between trade and