Cawas Nazir - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Cawas Nazir

Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, Jun 1, 2014

In a world where fossil fuel prices are subject to steep price hikes and where green house emissi... more In a world where fossil fuel prices are subject to steep price hikes and where green house emissions are endangering the planet, dependence on non-renewable energy sources becomes more urgent. In this paper a technical feasibility and economic viability study of a new technology that utilizes hydroelectric power to tap the oceans' enormous energy reserve is presented. Called the Offshore Hydroelectric Plant, such an installation has an underwater powerhouse, the water from the turbines being discharged into a tail race sump (TRS). Power is generated when suitable head is created between the TRS and the sea, by leading the water out and allowing it to flow into giant troughs located in a vertical elevator building. Here, hoists raise the troughs carrying the excess water and empty them into an overhead tank (OHT). Water from the OHT is carried by penstocks to another powerhouse located at sea level. The plant utilizes the existing technologies of tidal plants, vertical ship lifts, and pumped storage schemes. Welldeveloped technologies of the offshore oil industry are utilized in fabricating the structures on shore, and towing them to location. An example demonstrates that a 104 MW plant could produce 569 GWh annually.

Social Science Research Network, 2021

To improve the overall energy production from the wind turbine and lower the levelized cost of en... more To improve the overall energy production from the wind turbine and lower the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), an innovative approach for the design of a hybrid solar-wind turbine (HSWT) is proposed. The present concept is based on installing arrays of solar panels on the south-facing facade of the turbine tower to generate electricity from sunlight. The hybrid offers greater benefits compared to separate systems. An example is given of an offshore WT with a rated capacity of 4.7 MW forming part of a 600 MW wind farm in the North Atlantic. The 100 m high tower is covered with 465 PV panels of 340 W capacity. For evaluation, the gross resource of each renewable is estimated considering the specifications of the available data In the discussion, the LCOE’s of wind and the hybrid solar-wind combination are compared. From the results, it is clear that HSWT offers a reduced LCOE, even after allowing for shading losses from the blade, and a much steadier production of energy. The introduction of HSWT would help to make wind farms a more cost-effective and competitive source of clean energy.

International journal of marine engineering innovation and research, Dec 29, 2021

⎯ diesel emissions from ships are some of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions (G... more ⎯ diesel emissions from ships are some of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). This paper proposes the feasibility of implementing grid-like batteries-onboard ocean-going vessels along with an offshore electric charging station (OECS) to offer fully electric sailing across longer distances. The (OECS) is proposed to be built in deep waters along commercial shipping routes. Such an installation has a floating solar plant, in conjunction with a battery energy storage system to meet the charging demands of an all-electric ship (AES). The technology was evaluated based on a case study of an AES cargo vessel traveling between Mumbai and Dubai with a one-stop midway (at an OECS) for recharging batteries. When compared to a diesel ship, the AES showed savings of 5,627,293liters of diesel/yr and a reduction of 19,823 tonnes of CO2. The study shows that the integration of an OECS along with the AES concept is feasible, and represents a major milestone in bringing emission-free technology to the marine sector.

Civil Engineering Journal, Jul 21, 2019

To meet the growing expectation of traveling public, world railways are going ahead in a big way ... more To meet the growing expectation of traveling public, world railways are going ahead in a big way to introduce high speed trains Electric railways require huge amounts of energy. Many rail networks run their own dedicated power plants. With a view to augment the capacity of the rail networks grid connection so as to make the railway self-reliant, a grid tied PV solar plant with battery storage has been proposed. The present concept is based on installing solar panels along the length of a HS rail network so that the ballast-less tracks could be used as energy carriers. Ballast less tracks require little or no maintenance, and the space along the tracks provides a large surface area on which arrays of PV modules can be mounted to generate electricity from sunlight. An example demonstrates that a 330 MW grid connected PV solar plant with battery storage for the Mumbai-Ahmedabad high speed rail link, generates electricity at 1.67×106/MWoutputandlevelizedelectricitycostat12.05c/kWh.Netsavingintariffafterpaybackperiodisabout1.67× 10 6 /MW output and levelized electricity cost at 12.05 c/kWh. Net saving in tariff after payback period is about 1.67×106/MWoutputandlevelizedelectricitycostat12.05c/kWh.Netsavingintariffafterpaybackperiodisabout 58 million per annum.

The design of an Improved Hybrid Solar Wind Turbine (IHSWT) is described in which solar and wind ... more The design of an Improved Hybrid Solar Wind Turbine (IHSWT) is described in which solar and wind are combined and converted into a single energy source. It consists of installing solar panels on the south-facing façade of the wind turbine tower. To capture maximum sunlight, the solar panels below the turbine blade, are mounted on extended cantilever arms and arranged in a semi-circular skirt around the perimeter of the tower face. This is an improvement on the previous design as more panels can be installed allowing for greater capture of solar irradiance. Data of an NREL 8 MW reference wind turbine is used for comparison to evaluate the performance and cost of the proposed IHSWT. From the results it is clear that IHSWT offers a reduced levelized cost of energy (LCOE), even after allowing for shading losses from the turbine blade, and a much steadier production of energy. The introduction of IHSWT would help to make wind farms a more cost-effective and competitive source of clean energy.

Clean energy, Jun 23, 2018

This article offers a demonstration of a novel technology that uses hydro and solar power combine... more This article offers a demonstration of a novel technology that uses hydro and solar power combined with battery storage to generate electricity for deployment off coastal regions. Called the coastal power plant (CPP), such an installation has a multistorey water reservoir that draws in seawater that is then pumped up in vertical stages by geyser pumps into an overhead tank, from which it is released into a hydropower plant to generate electricity. The ocean surface is utilized to install a floating solar plant for photovoltaic energy generation. The intermittent renewable source is combined with a battery energy storage system to meet peak demands. Offshore oil industry technologies are utilized in fabricating the structures on shore and towing them to the site. The potential and cost effectiveness of a 201-MW CPP are also analyzed. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new design in terms of investment and operation/maintenance costs. These compare favorably with other renewable energy technologies.

⎯ diesel emissions from ships are some of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions (G... more ⎯ diesel emissions from ships are some of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). This paper proposes the feasibility of implementing grid-like batteries-onboard ocean-going vessels along with an offshore electric charging station (OECS) to offer fully electric sailing across longer distances. The (OECS) is proposed to be built in deep waters along commercial shipping routes. Such an installation has a floating solar plant, in conjunction with a battery energy storage system to meet the charging demands of an all-electric ship (AES). The technology was evaluated based on a case study of an AES cargo vessel traveling between Mumbai and Dubai with a one-stop midway (at an OECS) for recharging batteries. When compared to a diesel ship, the AES showed savings of 5,627,293liters of diesel/yr and a reduction of 19,823 tonnes of CO2. The study shows that the integration of an OECS along with the AES concept is feasible, and represents a major milestone in bringing emission-free technology to the marine sector.

RSER, 2014

In a world where fossil fuel prices are subject to steep price hikes and where green house emissi... more In a world where fossil fuel prices are subject to steep price hikes and where green house emissions are endangering the planet, dependence on non-renewable energy sources becomes more urgent. In this paper a technical feasibility and economic viability study of a new technology that utilizes hydroelectric power to tap the oceans' enormous energy reserve is presented. Called the Offshore Hydroelectric Plant, such an installation has an underwater powerhouse, the water from the turbines being discharged into a tail race sump (TRS). Power is generated when suitable head is created between the TRS and the sea, by leading the water out and allowing it to flow into giant troughs located in a vertical elevator building. Here, hoists raise the troughs carrying the excess water and empty them into an overhead tank (OHT). Water from the OHT is carried by penstocks to another powerhouse located at sea level. The plant utilizes the existing technologies of tidal plants, vertical ship lifts, and pumped storage schemes. Welldeveloped technologies of the offshore oil industry are utilized in fabricating the structures on shore, and towing them to location. An example demonstrates that a 104 MW plant could produce 569 GWh annually.

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Mar 2014

In a world where fossil fuel prices are subject to steep price hikes and where green house emissi... more In a world where fossil fuel prices are subject to steep price hikes and where green house emissions are endangering the planet, dependence on non-renewable energy sources becomes more urgent. In this paper a technical feasibility and economic viability study of a new technology that utilizes hydroelectric power to tap the oceans׳ enormous energy reserve is presented. Called the Offshore Hydroelectric Plant, such an installation has an underwater powerhouse, the water from the turbines being discharged into a tail race sump (TRS). Power is generated when suitable head is created between the TRS and the sea, by leading the water out and allowing it to flow into giant troughs located in a vertical elevator building. Here, hoists raise the troughs carrying the excess water and empty them into an overhead tank (OHT). Water from the OHT is carried by penstocks to another powerhouse located at sea level. The plant utilizes the existing technologies of tidal plants, vertical ship lifts, and pumped storage schemes. Well-developed technologies of the offshore oil industry are utilized in fabricating the structures on shore, and towing them to location. An example demonstrates that a 104 MW plant could produce 569 GWh annually. Project investment costs are approximately $ 432 million and Levelized Electricity Costs $0.055/kWh.

Clean Energy

This article offers a demonstration of a novel technology that uses hydro and solar power combine... more This article offers a demonstration of a novel technology that uses hydro and solar power combined with battery storage to generate electricity for deployment off coastal regions. Called the coastal power plant (CPP), such an installation has a multistorey water reservoir that draws in seawater that is then pumped up in vertical stages by geyser pumps into an overhead tank, from which it is released into a hydropower plant to generate electricity. The ocean surface is utilized to install a floating solar plant for photovoltaic energy generation. The intermittent renewable source is combined with a battery energy storage system to meet peak demands. Offshore oil industry technologies are utilized in fabricating the structures on shore and towing them to the site. The potential and cost effectiveness of a 201-MW CPP are also analyzed. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new design in terms of investment and operation/maintenance costs. These compare favorably with other renewable energy technologies.

Clean Energy

This is a correction notice for article zky010 (DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1093/ce/zky010), publish... more This is a correction notice for article zky010 (DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1093/ce/zky010), published on 23 June 2018. In section 5.4, an incorrect currency symbol was given in the following sentence: 'Then, based on Equation , COE = 0.082 + 0.035 = 0.117¢/kWh.' The sentence should have read: 'Then, based on Equation (3), COE = 0.082 + 0.035 = 0.117$/ kWh.' This has now been corrected in the published article.

Civil Engineering Journal

To meet the growing expectation of traveling public, world railways are going ahead in a big way ... more To meet the growing expectation of traveling public, world railways are going ahead in a big way to introduce high speed trains Electric railways require huge amounts of energy. Many rail networks run their own dedicated power plants. With a view to augment the capacity of the rail networks grid connection so as to make the railway self-reliant, a grid tied PV solar plant with battery storage has been proposed. The present concept is based on installing solar panels along the length of a HS rail network so that the ballast-less tracks could be used as energy carriers. Ballast less tracks require little or no maintenance, and the space along the tracks provides a large surface area on which arrays of PV modules can be mounted to generate electricity from sunlight. An example demonstrates that a 330 MW grid connected PV solar plant with battery storage for the Mumbai–Ahmedabad high speed rail link, generates electricity at $1.67 106 /MW output and levelized electricity cost at 12.05 ...

ABSTRACT A power transmission system for bicycles for deriving rotational motion from human power... more ABSTRACT A power transmission system for bicycles for deriving rotational motion from human power is disclosed. The power transmission system has a driving crankshaft rotatably mounted in a frame with a pedal crank assembly and chain wheel for input power and torque. A right crank and a left crank disposed at an angle of 180 degrees form part of said crankshaft; said left crank being half the length of said right crank. Another feature is that it also includes a system for converting rotary drive force from crankshaft to a rectilinear drive force, comprising a pair of connecting rods and crossheads movably situated in guides. Furthermore, the invention includes a two pulley system comprising a fixed pulley and a movable pulley with wire ropes that interacts with the said sliding mechanism to enhance the linear force. The increased linear force is double the input force on the pedal because of the mechanical advantage provided by the two pulley system. This force is transferred back ...

ABSTRACT An Improved Piston and Cylinder Liner Assembly for IC Engines An improved piston and cyl... more ABSTRACT An Improved Piston and Cylinder Liner Assembly for IC Engines An improved piston and cylinder liner assembly is disclosed in which anti friction bearings are interposed between faces of piston and cylinder walls so as to produce least amount of frictional resistance. The piston and cylinder liner assembly includes a piston mounted for reciprocation within a cylinder liner. The piston comprises a crown portion generated about a longitudinal piston axis and extending from the crown a substantially cylindrical main body defined by upper annular wall and a lower annular wall or skirt. The upper annular wall has hemispherical grooves formed around the perimeter in which are mounted rolling elements in the form of balls. Below this is provided an oil groove in which is fitted an oil control ring. The skirt is provided with a pair of pin bosses defining a pin axis. The skirt is discontinuous at the bottom, defining major thrust bearing region and minor thrust bearing region respec...

Railway wagons are in extremely high demand in India as its economic growth accelerates and the v... more Railway wagons are in extremely high demand in India as its economic growth accelerates and the volume of shipments of raw materials dramatically increases. Among the core consumers, BOXN wagons are required for movement of coal – for both power and steel plants. There is a huge shortage in the availability of these wagons mainly due to cost and shortage of steel. This has prompted a new type of wagon design having a prestressed concrete body fitted over an underframe of a conventional BOXN wagon. The key elements of its design and construction are discussed. A preliminary design illustrates the suitability of the new wagon. Keywords: wagon, prestressd concrete panels, steel stanchions.

A straight forward guide to invention, innovation, patenting and technology commercialization for... more A straight forward guide to invention, innovation, patenting and technology commercialization for students, designers and engineers. The book provides a clear overview of the creative process leading up to inventions and innovations. Through fascinating case histories the author demonstrates solutions to varied engineering problems from multi span suspension bridge and aluminum arch dam to reusable satellite launch system and ocean hydel project.

Using arch form to span deep gorges with steep rocky banks is not new. However, in recent times o... more Using arch form to span deep gorges with steep rocky banks is not new. However, in recent times other types of construction due to high costs of formwork and construction time have eclipsed the arch bridge. This has prompted a new bridge system being proposed. Called the ‘prestressed steel arch bridge’, its main load bearing members are steel arch ribs that are prestressed with high tensile rock anchors embedded in the banks. The prestressing aims to achieve material economy by relieving the arch rib bending moments induced under self-weight and non-uniform load. The principle design criteria are design of arch rib as tensile arch under prestressing load during self-weight condition and as a conventional arch bridge under live load and temperature variation. The key elements of design and construction are discussed. An example illustrates the effectiveness of the new design.

Abstract: The need to provide a cost effective low- to – medium weight launch capability into low... more Abstract: The need to provide a cost effective low- to – medium weight launch capability into low Earth orbit has prompted a new reusable launch system being proposed. Called the Launch Rotator, it consists of a revolving arm, which is rotated about its center of mass by attached rockets. The payload rides at one end of the arm and is accelerated to the orbital velocity before being released. The key features of its design and construction are discussed. An example illustrates the effectiveness of the new launch system.

Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, Jun 1, 2014

In a world where fossil fuel prices are subject to steep price hikes and where green house emissi... more In a world where fossil fuel prices are subject to steep price hikes and where green house emissions are endangering the planet, dependence on non-renewable energy sources becomes more urgent. In this paper a technical feasibility and economic viability study of a new technology that utilizes hydroelectric power to tap the oceans' enormous energy reserve is presented. Called the Offshore Hydroelectric Plant, such an installation has an underwater powerhouse, the water from the turbines being discharged into a tail race sump (TRS). Power is generated when suitable head is created between the TRS and the sea, by leading the water out and allowing it to flow into giant troughs located in a vertical elevator building. Here, hoists raise the troughs carrying the excess water and empty them into an overhead tank (OHT). Water from the OHT is carried by penstocks to another powerhouse located at sea level. The plant utilizes the existing technologies of tidal plants, vertical ship lifts, and pumped storage schemes. Welldeveloped technologies of the offshore oil industry are utilized in fabricating the structures on shore, and towing them to location. An example demonstrates that a 104 MW plant could produce 569 GWh annually.

Social Science Research Network, 2021

To improve the overall energy production from the wind turbine and lower the levelized cost of en... more To improve the overall energy production from the wind turbine and lower the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), an innovative approach for the design of a hybrid solar-wind turbine (HSWT) is proposed. The present concept is based on installing arrays of solar panels on the south-facing facade of the turbine tower to generate electricity from sunlight. The hybrid offers greater benefits compared to separate systems. An example is given of an offshore WT with a rated capacity of 4.7 MW forming part of a 600 MW wind farm in the North Atlantic. The 100 m high tower is covered with 465 PV panels of 340 W capacity. For evaluation, the gross resource of each renewable is estimated considering the specifications of the available data In the discussion, the LCOE’s of wind and the hybrid solar-wind combination are compared. From the results, it is clear that HSWT offers a reduced LCOE, even after allowing for shading losses from the blade, and a much steadier production of energy. The introduction of HSWT would help to make wind farms a more cost-effective and competitive source of clean energy.

International journal of marine engineering innovation and research, Dec 29, 2021

⎯ diesel emissions from ships are some of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions (G... more ⎯ diesel emissions from ships are some of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). This paper proposes the feasibility of implementing grid-like batteries-onboard ocean-going vessels along with an offshore electric charging station (OECS) to offer fully electric sailing across longer distances. The (OECS) is proposed to be built in deep waters along commercial shipping routes. Such an installation has a floating solar plant, in conjunction with a battery energy storage system to meet the charging demands of an all-electric ship (AES). The technology was evaluated based on a case study of an AES cargo vessel traveling between Mumbai and Dubai with a one-stop midway (at an OECS) for recharging batteries. When compared to a diesel ship, the AES showed savings of 5,627,293liters of diesel/yr and a reduction of 19,823 tonnes of CO2. The study shows that the integration of an OECS along with the AES concept is feasible, and represents a major milestone in bringing emission-free technology to the marine sector.

Civil Engineering Journal, Jul 21, 2019

To meet the growing expectation of traveling public, world railways are going ahead in a big way ... more To meet the growing expectation of traveling public, world railways are going ahead in a big way to introduce high speed trains Electric railways require huge amounts of energy. Many rail networks run their own dedicated power plants. With a view to augment the capacity of the rail networks grid connection so as to make the railway self-reliant, a grid tied PV solar plant with battery storage has been proposed. The present concept is based on installing solar panels along the length of a HS rail network so that the ballast-less tracks could be used as energy carriers. Ballast less tracks require little or no maintenance, and the space along the tracks provides a large surface area on which arrays of PV modules can be mounted to generate electricity from sunlight. An example demonstrates that a 330 MW grid connected PV solar plant with battery storage for the Mumbai-Ahmedabad high speed rail link, generates electricity at 1.67×106/MWoutputandlevelizedelectricitycostat12.05c/kWh.Netsavingintariffafterpaybackperiodisabout1.67× 10 6 /MW output and levelized electricity cost at 12.05 c/kWh. Net saving in tariff after payback period is about 1.67×106/MWoutputandlevelizedelectricitycostat12.05c/kWh.Netsavingintariffafterpaybackperiodisabout 58 million per annum.

The design of an Improved Hybrid Solar Wind Turbine (IHSWT) is described in which solar and wind ... more The design of an Improved Hybrid Solar Wind Turbine (IHSWT) is described in which solar and wind are combined and converted into a single energy source. It consists of installing solar panels on the south-facing façade of the wind turbine tower. To capture maximum sunlight, the solar panels below the turbine blade, are mounted on extended cantilever arms and arranged in a semi-circular skirt around the perimeter of the tower face. This is an improvement on the previous design as more panels can be installed allowing for greater capture of solar irradiance. Data of an NREL 8 MW reference wind turbine is used for comparison to evaluate the performance and cost of the proposed IHSWT. From the results it is clear that IHSWT offers a reduced levelized cost of energy (LCOE), even after allowing for shading losses from the turbine blade, and a much steadier production of energy. The introduction of IHSWT would help to make wind farms a more cost-effective and competitive source of clean energy.

Clean energy, Jun 23, 2018

This article offers a demonstration of a novel technology that uses hydro and solar power combine... more This article offers a demonstration of a novel technology that uses hydro and solar power combined with battery storage to generate electricity for deployment off coastal regions. Called the coastal power plant (CPP), such an installation has a multistorey water reservoir that draws in seawater that is then pumped up in vertical stages by geyser pumps into an overhead tank, from which it is released into a hydropower plant to generate electricity. The ocean surface is utilized to install a floating solar plant for photovoltaic energy generation. The intermittent renewable source is combined with a battery energy storage system to meet peak demands. Offshore oil industry technologies are utilized in fabricating the structures on shore and towing them to the site. The potential and cost effectiveness of a 201-MW CPP are also analyzed. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new design in terms of investment and operation/maintenance costs. These compare favorably with other renewable energy technologies.

⎯ diesel emissions from ships are some of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions (G... more ⎯ diesel emissions from ships are some of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). This paper proposes the feasibility of implementing grid-like batteries-onboard ocean-going vessels along with an offshore electric charging station (OECS) to offer fully electric sailing across longer distances. The (OECS) is proposed to be built in deep waters along commercial shipping routes. Such an installation has a floating solar plant, in conjunction with a battery energy storage system to meet the charging demands of an all-electric ship (AES). The technology was evaluated based on a case study of an AES cargo vessel traveling between Mumbai and Dubai with a one-stop midway (at an OECS) for recharging batteries. When compared to a diesel ship, the AES showed savings of 5,627,293liters of diesel/yr and a reduction of 19,823 tonnes of CO2. The study shows that the integration of an OECS along with the AES concept is feasible, and represents a major milestone in bringing emission-free technology to the marine sector.

RSER, 2014

In a world where fossil fuel prices are subject to steep price hikes and where green house emissi... more In a world where fossil fuel prices are subject to steep price hikes and where green house emissions are endangering the planet, dependence on non-renewable energy sources becomes more urgent. In this paper a technical feasibility and economic viability study of a new technology that utilizes hydroelectric power to tap the oceans' enormous energy reserve is presented. Called the Offshore Hydroelectric Plant, such an installation has an underwater powerhouse, the water from the turbines being discharged into a tail race sump (TRS). Power is generated when suitable head is created between the TRS and the sea, by leading the water out and allowing it to flow into giant troughs located in a vertical elevator building. Here, hoists raise the troughs carrying the excess water and empty them into an overhead tank (OHT). Water from the OHT is carried by penstocks to another powerhouse located at sea level. The plant utilizes the existing technologies of tidal plants, vertical ship lifts, and pumped storage schemes. Welldeveloped technologies of the offshore oil industry are utilized in fabricating the structures on shore, and towing them to location. An example demonstrates that a 104 MW plant could produce 569 GWh annually.

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Mar 2014

In a world where fossil fuel prices are subject to steep price hikes and where green house emissi... more In a world where fossil fuel prices are subject to steep price hikes and where green house emissions are endangering the planet, dependence on non-renewable energy sources becomes more urgent. In this paper a technical feasibility and economic viability study of a new technology that utilizes hydroelectric power to tap the oceans׳ enormous energy reserve is presented. Called the Offshore Hydroelectric Plant, such an installation has an underwater powerhouse, the water from the turbines being discharged into a tail race sump (TRS). Power is generated when suitable head is created between the TRS and the sea, by leading the water out and allowing it to flow into giant troughs located in a vertical elevator building. Here, hoists raise the troughs carrying the excess water and empty them into an overhead tank (OHT). Water from the OHT is carried by penstocks to another powerhouse located at sea level. The plant utilizes the existing technologies of tidal plants, vertical ship lifts, and pumped storage schemes. Well-developed technologies of the offshore oil industry are utilized in fabricating the structures on shore, and towing them to location. An example demonstrates that a 104 MW plant could produce 569 GWh annually. Project investment costs are approximately $ 432 million and Levelized Electricity Costs $0.055/kWh.

Clean Energy

This article offers a demonstration of a novel technology that uses hydro and solar power combine... more This article offers a demonstration of a novel technology that uses hydro and solar power combined with battery storage to generate electricity for deployment off coastal regions. Called the coastal power plant (CPP), such an installation has a multistorey water reservoir that draws in seawater that is then pumped up in vertical stages by geyser pumps into an overhead tank, from which it is released into a hydropower plant to generate electricity. The ocean surface is utilized to install a floating solar plant for photovoltaic energy generation. The intermittent renewable source is combined with a battery energy storage system to meet peak demands. Offshore oil industry technologies are utilized in fabricating the structures on shore and towing them to the site. The potential and cost effectiveness of a 201-MW CPP are also analyzed. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new design in terms of investment and operation/maintenance costs. These compare favorably with other renewable energy technologies.

Clean Energy

This is a correction notice for article zky010 (DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1093/ce/zky010), publish... more This is a correction notice for article zky010 (DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1093/ce/zky010), published on 23 June 2018. In section 5.4, an incorrect currency symbol was given in the following sentence: 'Then, based on Equation , COE = 0.082 + 0.035 = 0.117¢/kWh.' The sentence should have read: 'Then, based on Equation (3), COE = 0.082 + 0.035 = 0.117$/ kWh.' This has now been corrected in the published article.

Civil Engineering Journal

To meet the growing expectation of traveling public, world railways are going ahead in a big way ... more To meet the growing expectation of traveling public, world railways are going ahead in a big way to introduce high speed trains Electric railways require huge amounts of energy. Many rail networks run their own dedicated power plants. With a view to augment the capacity of the rail networks grid connection so as to make the railway self-reliant, a grid tied PV solar plant with battery storage has been proposed. The present concept is based on installing solar panels along the length of a HS rail network so that the ballast-less tracks could be used as energy carriers. Ballast less tracks require little or no maintenance, and the space along the tracks provides a large surface area on which arrays of PV modules can be mounted to generate electricity from sunlight. An example demonstrates that a 330 MW grid connected PV solar plant with battery storage for the Mumbai–Ahmedabad high speed rail link, generates electricity at $1.67 106 /MW output and levelized electricity cost at 12.05 ...

ABSTRACT A power transmission system for bicycles for deriving rotational motion from human power... more ABSTRACT A power transmission system for bicycles for deriving rotational motion from human power is disclosed. The power transmission system has a driving crankshaft rotatably mounted in a frame with a pedal crank assembly and chain wheel for input power and torque. A right crank and a left crank disposed at an angle of 180 degrees form part of said crankshaft; said left crank being half the length of said right crank. Another feature is that it also includes a system for converting rotary drive force from crankshaft to a rectilinear drive force, comprising a pair of connecting rods and crossheads movably situated in guides. Furthermore, the invention includes a two pulley system comprising a fixed pulley and a movable pulley with wire ropes that interacts with the said sliding mechanism to enhance the linear force. The increased linear force is double the input force on the pedal because of the mechanical advantage provided by the two pulley system. This force is transferred back ...

ABSTRACT An Improved Piston and Cylinder Liner Assembly for IC Engines An improved piston and cyl... more ABSTRACT An Improved Piston and Cylinder Liner Assembly for IC Engines An improved piston and cylinder liner assembly is disclosed in which anti friction bearings are interposed between faces of piston and cylinder walls so as to produce least amount of frictional resistance. The piston and cylinder liner assembly includes a piston mounted for reciprocation within a cylinder liner. The piston comprises a crown portion generated about a longitudinal piston axis and extending from the crown a substantially cylindrical main body defined by upper annular wall and a lower annular wall or skirt. The upper annular wall has hemispherical grooves formed around the perimeter in which are mounted rolling elements in the form of balls. Below this is provided an oil groove in which is fitted an oil control ring. The skirt is provided with a pair of pin bosses defining a pin axis. The skirt is discontinuous at the bottom, defining major thrust bearing region and minor thrust bearing region respec...

Railway wagons are in extremely high demand in India as its economic growth accelerates and the v... more Railway wagons are in extremely high demand in India as its economic growth accelerates and the volume of shipments of raw materials dramatically increases. Among the core consumers, BOXN wagons are required for movement of coal – for both power and steel plants. There is a huge shortage in the availability of these wagons mainly due to cost and shortage of steel. This has prompted a new type of wagon design having a prestressed concrete body fitted over an underframe of a conventional BOXN wagon. The key elements of its design and construction are discussed. A preliminary design illustrates the suitability of the new wagon. Keywords: wagon, prestressd concrete panels, steel stanchions.

A straight forward guide to invention, innovation, patenting and technology commercialization for... more A straight forward guide to invention, innovation, patenting and technology commercialization for students, designers and engineers. The book provides a clear overview of the creative process leading up to inventions and innovations. Through fascinating case histories the author demonstrates solutions to varied engineering problems from multi span suspension bridge and aluminum arch dam to reusable satellite launch system and ocean hydel project.

Using arch form to span deep gorges with steep rocky banks is not new. However, in recent times o... more Using arch form to span deep gorges with steep rocky banks is not new. However, in recent times other types of construction due to high costs of formwork and construction time have eclipsed the arch bridge. This has prompted a new bridge system being proposed. Called the ‘prestressed steel arch bridge’, its main load bearing members are steel arch ribs that are prestressed with high tensile rock anchors embedded in the banks. The prestressing aims to achieve material economy by relieving the arch rib bending moments induced under self-weight and non-uniform load. The principle design criteria are design of arch rib as tensile arch under prestressing load during self-weight condition and as a conventional arch bridge under live load and temperature variation. The key elements of design and construction are discussed. An example illustrates the effectiveness of the new design.

Abstract: The need to provide a cost effective low- to – medium weight launch capability into low... more Abstract: The need to provide a cost effective low- to – medium weight launch capability into low Earth orbit has prompted a new reusable launch system being proposed. Called the Launch Rotator, it consists of a revolving arm, which is rotated about its center of mass by attached rockets. The payload rides at one end of the arm and is accelerated to the orbital velocity before being released. The key features of its design and construction are discussed. An example illustrates the effectiveness of the new launch system.