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Papers by Cecile Pelaudeix

From the 1970s onwards, the Inuit populations have achieved political representation in several A... more From the 1970s onwards, the Inuit populations have achieved political representation in several Arctic states and studies of their increasing implication in Arctic governance have recently been on the increase.5 The studies focus on indigenous organizations in the development of national and international political structures [Tennberg, 2010], on the juridical systems of Greenland and of Nunavut [Loukacheva, 2007] or on sustainable governance and human rights [Loukacheva and Garfield, 2009]. Koivurova [2011] discusses the legal aspects of indigenous governance at the international level and Nuttall [2000] examines the involvement in Arctic environmental cooperation of the indigenous peoples ’ organizations. With global warming affecting the Arctic environment and increasing economic prospects for resource exploitation and shipping, generating fears of environmental deterioration, and therefore involvement of Inuit in environmental governance, where does the question of Inuit politic...

Relying on extensive field work, both in remote Arctic communities and outpost camps, and inside ... more Relying on extensive field work, both in remote Arctic communities and outpost camps, and inside Canadian art collections, Cecile Pelaudeix's book presents a critical analysis of the Western perception of Inuit art, the theoretical assumptions underlying art history and anthropology discourse, and proposes a renewed interpretation of Kenojuak Ashevak's work (1959-2002), as well as a new understanding of contemporary Inuit art works at large. The author accords art work a deep meaning by revealing, in a wide range of Inuit art works, an expression of the Inuit soul, an "intensity of being" named tarniq for human beings, which is used to affirm a specific identity, in particular when it comes to feminine works. The method relies mainly on Aby Warburg's iconology. Cecile Pelaudeix shows the limits of a model of linear temporality where cultural time and natural time artificially coincide, arguing that such a model does not allow for a convincing articulation of ar...

The author proposes an analysis of Inuit governance at the national and international level, disc... more The author proposes an analysis of Inuit governance at the national and international level, discussing the evolving involvement of Inuit in policymaking. She examines the negotiation processes with governments and the role environmental knowledge might play in this process and shows that the emergence of Inuit political thought during the colonization process in most cases preceded the question of land claims, and underlines the restraints of political power granted to Inuit through land claims agreements and selfgovernment at the national level, with the notable exception of Greenland. The chapter then examines how environmental issues have been the driver for involving Inuit representatives on the international level. The author argues that in the State-centred present system of political participation in forums such as the Arctic Council, there is little probability that the advances of environmental law will suffice for Inuit populations to be associated in the decision-making ...

When it comes to the Arctic, co-operation between the European Union and Canada dates back to the... more When it comes to the Arctic, co-operation between the European Union and Canada dates back to the 1990s, when the two entities developed Northern policies. Over the years, these relations evolved in parallel, and at times interconnected ways--and it was only in the late 2000s that they became hindered by the seal hunt.Considering the recent evolutions on Arctic issues, there are reasons to believe that EU-Canada relations can go on developing to improve collaboration on common interests such as the key issue of the promotion of sustainable development in the Arctic.

In the Arctic, art production has undergone many changes during the twentieth century. These chan... more In the Arctic, art production has undergone many changes during the twentieth century. These changes have been differently analysed by anthropologists and art historians. After the initial inventories of the artistic production, the notion of authenticity became central in academic studies. A second approach focused on a formal analysis of works of art while the current one pays attention to recent changes in Inuit art production in the context of globalisation. The author presents a critical analysis of the approaches of contemporaneity in Inuit art and proposes a periodisation of these approaches. The three contemporaneities underlined in this paper echo a Western periodisation: primitivism, Modernism and contemporaneity, in which the depiction and selection of objects, and therefore the periodisation, comes from Western categories of thought, and reveals an ethnocentric conception of works of art. The internationalisation of the art world tends to lead again to the Modernist assu...

Transnationalisation and Legal Actors, 2019

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific r... more HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Deep Seabed Mining of Critical Metals, Strategic and Governance Challenges Cecile Pelaudeix

Transnational tendencies have led to a pluralistic legal environment in which emerging and establ... more Transnational tendencies have led to a pluralistic legal environment in which emerging and established legal actors, regulatory levels and types of legal norms co-exist, compete and interact in complex ways. This challenges and changes not only how legal norms are created, applied and enforced but also when these actors, norms and processes are considered legitimate. The book investigates how states and non-state actors interact in transnational settings and pays attention to the understudied question of what effect transnational tendencies have on the legitimacy of legal actors, norms and processes. It seeks to confront three fundamental questions: Has legitimacy significantly changed? Who creates norms and with which consequences for legal procedures and norms? The book considers the question of legitimacy from a broad range of legal perspectives, including environmental law, human rights law and commercial law. It maps out the contours of legitimacy today with an emphasis on the ...

A la fin des annees 1990, la creation du Nunavut est remarquee sur le plan national et internatio... more A la fin des annees 1990, la creation du Nunavut est remarquee sur le plan national et international car elle signifie la reconnaissance institutionnelle d'une population autochtone par une grande puissance dans un contexte de mondialisation. Cet article analyse les objectifs et les moyens de la politique culturelle du Canada a destination de ses terres arctiques, objectifs qui s'expriment en termes economique, politique et identitaire a travers le developpement de l'art et de l'artisanat inuit. Progressivement, l'action du gouvernement evolue d'une gestion paternaliste, voire coloniale, a une politique ouverte a la reconnaissance de la difference et au partage des pouvoirs. Les representants politiques inuit ont su s'appuyer sur des structures mises en place pour le developpement des arts afin d'appuyer des revendications territoriales, et ont parallelement beneficie de l'emergence d'une identite collective qui a pu s'exprimer publiquemen...

The Arctic region is undergoing dramatic transformation. Rapid change due to climate warming is c... more The Arctic region is undergoing dramatic transformation. Rapid change due to climate warming is currently affecting the Arctic more than any other region in the world: the permafrost is melting, glaciers are receding, the sea ice is shrinking. With the melting of ice, the circumpolar region is subject to increasing forces of globalization, and navigation through the Northwest and the Northeast passages is rapidly emerging as a practical and commercial proposition. Moreover, the Arctic may be home to 30 per cent of the planet's undiscovered natural gas reserves and 13 per cent of its undiscovered oil. "What Holds the Arctic Together?" The emphasis here is on convergence, rather than divergence, the Arctic's centrality not its eccentricity. The contributions gathered together in this book all address essential questions posed by geophysicists, political scientists, jurists, geographers and historians. How can science calculate and assess the scale of change in this g...

Coherence, a fundamental principle of European Union (EU) foreign policy remains a challenge for ... more Coherence, a fundamental principle of European Union (EU) foreign policy remains a challenge for the EU. For example, the development of an EU Arctic policy raises both internal and external challenges as two non-Arctic member states, France and Germany, move to establish their own Arctic policies. Internally, EU inter-institutional coherence has also been difficult to achieve as shown by the first effort to draft an EU Arctic policy and by the EU regulation on trade in seal products. However, internal coherence has significantly improved since 2008, and the Parliament, Commission, and Council now maintain similar positions, yet the EU is still waiting for its admission to the Arctic Council. External coherence between EU member states on Arctic issues has proven to be more elusive. France is using high-level diplomacy to define its Arctic agenda, and is clearly challenging the EU consensus on co-operation as an unambitious policy. Germany is pointing at inefficiencies regarding the...

This article analyses the governance process of offshore oil and gas activities in the Arctic wit... more This article analyses the governance process of offshore oil and gas activities in the Arctic with the concept of multilevel governance and legal pluralism to address both issues of management of the environment and public participation. The analysis goes beyond the single issue of fragmentation pertaining to the international and supranational levels, to encompass national and regional levels and evaluate how the interactions between those levels structure the policy process and impact the efficiency of environmental management and public participation. Four paths of reflection arise from the analysis. First it is unlikely that a dualistic vision opposing a normative option and an enabling option opens new avenues for solutions but the evolution of international law and customary international law deserves attention and a certain level of harmonisation may be welcome, for instance to cooperate efficiently on the prevention of an oil spill and the response to it. A second path relat...

From the 1970s onwards, the Inuit populations have achieved political representation in several A... more From the 1970s onwards, the Inuit populations have achieved political representation in several Arctic states and studies of their increasing implication in Arctic governance have recently been on the increase.5 The studies focus on indigenous organizations in the development of national and international political structures [Tennberg, 2010], on the juridical systems of Greenland and of Nunavut [Loukacheva, 2007] or on sustainable governance and human rights [Loukacheva and Garfield, 2009]. Koivurova [2011] discusses the legal aspects of indigenous governance at the international level and Nuttall [2000] examines the involvement in Arctic environmental cooperation of the indigenous peoples ’ organizations. With global warming affecting the Arctic environment and increasing economic prospects for resource exploitation and shipping, generating fears of environmental deterioration, and therefore involvement of Inuit in environmental governance, where does the question of Inuit politic...

Relying on extensive field work, both in remote Arctic communities and outpost camps, and inside ... more Relying on extensive field work, both in remote Arctic communities and outpost camps, and inside Canadian art collections, Cecile Pelaudeix's book presents a critical analysis of the Western perception of Inuit art, the theoretical assumptions underlying art history and anthropology discourse, and proposes a renewed interpretation of Kenojuak Ashevak's work (1959-2002), as well as a new understanding of contemporary Inuit art works at large. The author accords art work a deep meaning by revealing, in a wide range of Inuit art works, an expression of the Inuit soul, an "intensity of being" named tarniq for human beings, which is used to affirm a specific identity, in particular when it comes to feminine works. The method relies mainly on Aby Warburg's iconology. Cecile Pelaudeix shows the limits of a model of linear temporality where cultural time and natural time artificially coincide, arguing that such a model does not allow for a convincing articulation of ar...

The author proposes an analysis of Inuit governance at the national and international level, disc... more The author proposes an analysis of Inuit governance at the national and international level, discussing the evolving involvement of Inuit in policymaking. She examines the negotiation processes with governments and the role environmental knowledge might play in this process and shows that the emergence of Inuit political thought during the colonization process in most cases preceded the question of land claims, and underlines the restraints of political power granted to Inuit through land claims agreements and selfgovernment at the national level, with the notable exception of Greenland. The chapter then examines how environmental issues have been the driver for involving Inuit representatives on the international level. The author argues that in the State-centred present system of political participation in forums such as the Arctic Council, there is little probability that the advances of environmental law will suffice for Inuit populations to be associated in the decision-making ...

When it comes to the Arctic, co-operation between the European Union and Canada dates back to the... more When it comes to the Arctic, co-operation between the European Union and Canada dates back to the 1990s, when the two entities developed Northern policies. Over the years, these relations evolved in parallel, and at times interconnected ways--and it was only in the late 2000s that they became hindered by the seal hunt.Considering the recent evolutions on Arctic issues, there are reasons to believe that EU-Canada relations can go on developing to improve collaboration on common interests such as the key issue of the promotion of sustainable development in the Arctic.

In the Arctic, art production has undergone many changes during the twentieth century. These chan... more In the Arctic, art production has undergone many changes during the twentieth century. These changes have been differently analysed by anthropologists and art historians. After the initial inventories of the artistic production, the notion of authenticity became central in academic studies. A second approach focused on a formal analysis of works of art while the current one pays attention to recent changes in Inuit art production in the context of globalisation. The author presents a critical analysis of the approaches of contemporaneity in Inuit art and proposes a periodisation of these approaches. The three contemporaneities underlined in this paper echo a Western periodisation: primitivism, Modernism and contemporaneity, in which the depiction and selection of objects, and therefore the periodisation, comes from Western categories of thought, and reveals an ethnocentric conception of works of art. The internationalisation of the art world tends to lead again to the Modernist assu...

Transnationalisation and Legal Actors, 2019

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific r... more HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Deep Seabed Mining of Critical Metals, Strategic and Governance Challenges Cecile Pelaudeix

Transnational tendencies have led to a pluralistic legal environment in which emerging and establ... more Transnational tendencies have led to a pluralistic legal environment in which emerging and established legal actors, regulatory levels and types of legal norms co-exist, compete and interact in complex ways. This challenges and changes not only how legal norms are created, applied and enforced but also when these actors, norms and processes are considered legitimate. The book investigates how states and non-state actors interact in transnational settings and pays attention to the understudied question of what effect transnational tendencies have on the legitimacy of legal actors, norms and processes. It seeks to confront three fundamental questions: Has legitimacy significantly changed? Who creates norms and with which consequences for legal procedures and norms? The book considers the question of legitimacy from a broad range of legal perspectives, including environmental law, human rights law and commercial law. It maps out the contours of legitimacy today with an emphasis on the ...

A la fin des annees 1990, la creation du Nunavut est remarquee sur le plan national et internatio... more A la fin des annees 1990, la creation du Nunavut est remarquee sur le plan national et international car elle signifie la reconnaissance institutionnelle d'une population autochtone par une grande puissance dans un contexte de mondialisation. Cet article analyse les objectifs et les moyens de la politique culturelle du Canada a destination de ses terres arctiques, objectifs qui s'expriment en termes economique, politique et identitaire a travers le developpement de l'art et de l'artisanat inuit. Progressivement, l'action du gouvernement evolue d'une gestion paternaliste, voire coloniale, a une politique ouverte a la reconnaissance de la difference et au partage des pouvoirs. Les representants politiques inuit ont su s'appuyer sur des structures mises en place pour le developpement des arts afin d'appuyer des revendications territoriales, et ont parallelement beneficie de l'emergence d'une identite collective qui a pu s'exprimer publiquemen...

The Arctic region is undergoing dramatic transformation. Rapid change due to climate warming is c... more The Arctic region is undergoing dramatic transformation. Rapid change due to climate warming is currently affecting the Arctic more than any other region in the world: the permafrost is melting, glaciers are receding, the sea ice is shrinking. With the melting of ice, the circumpolar region is subject to increasing forces of globalization, and navigation through the Northwest and the Northeast passages is rapidly emerging as a practical and commercial proposition. Moreover, the Arctic may be home to 30 per cent of the planet's undiscovered natural gas reserves and 13 per cent of its undiscovered oil. "What Holds the Arctic Together?" The emphasis here is on convergence, rather than divergence, the Arctic's centrality not its eccentricity. The contributions gathered together in this book all address essential questions posed by geophysicists, political scientists, jurists, geographers and historians. How can science calculate and assess the scale of change in this g...

Coherence, a fundamental principle of European Union (EU) foreign policy remains a challenge for ... more Coherence, a fundamental principle of European Union (EU) foreign policy remains a challenge for the EU. For example, the development of an EU Arctic policy raises both internal and external challenges as two non-Arctic member states, France and Germany, move to establish their own Arctic policies. Internally, EU inter-institutional coherence has also been difficult to achieve as shown by the first effort to draft an EU Arctic policy and by the EU regulation on trade in seal products. However, internal coherence has significantly improved since 2008, and the Parliament, Commission, and Council now maintain similar positions, yet the EU is still waiting for its admission to the Arctic Council. External coherence between EU member states on Arctic issues has proven to be more elusive. France is using high-level diplomacy to define its Arctic agenda, and is clearly challenging the EU consensus on co-operation as an unambitious policy. Germany is pointing at inefficiencies regarding the...

This article analyses the governance process of offshore oil and gas activities in the Arctic wit... more This article analyses the governance process of offshore oil and gas activities in the Arctic with the concept of multilevel governance and legal pluralism to address both issues of management of the environment and public participation. The analysis goes beyond the single issue of fragmentation pertaining to the international and supranational levels, to encompass national and regional levels and evaluate how the interactions between those levels structure the policy process and impact the efficiency of environmental management and public participation. Four paths of reflection arise from the analysis. First it is unlikely that a dualistic vision opposing a normative option and an enabling option opens new avenues for solutions but the evolution of international law and customary international law deserves attention and a certain level of harmonisation may be welcome, for instance to cooperate efficiently on the prevention of an oil spill and the response to it. A second path relat...