Cecilia Carmo - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Cecilia Carmo
Administrative Sciences
Integrated reporting is essentially a voluntary practice worldwide. For this reason, although it ... more Integrated reporting is essentially a voluntary practice worldwide. For this reason, although it is growing, its diffusion is slow. Based on the Portuguese context, where a reduced number of listed companies publish integrated reports, this study aims to explore the drivers and barriers for the voluntary adoption of integrated reporting and the reporting practices up to the production of an integrated report. To this end, an analytical framework based on the Diffusion of Innovation Theory was developed and applied to data collected from a survey and corporate reports from both “adopters” and “non-adopters”. The evidence collected suggests that the adoption of integrated reporting may be driven by the perception of a relative advantage over traditional reporting in terms of providing more relevant information to capital providers, particularly banks. The publication of an integrated report appears to be the result of a process of incremental improvements in the practice of disclosure...
Sustainability
This paper investigates the effects of Directive 95/2014/EU on the quality of non-financial infor... more This paper investigates the effects of Directive 95/2014/EU on the quality of non-financial information (NFI) disclosed by Portuguese listed companies and explains the reporting practices adopted in this context. For this purpose, a content analysis of non-financial disclosures made a year before (2016) and in the first and second years of the implementation of the Directive (2017 and 2018) was performed. A self-constructed index that covers the disclosure matters required by the Directive was used to measure the quality of NFI. The findings showed that the major effects on the quality of non-financial disclosures were observed in the first year of implementation. Furthermore, it was observed that companies that had high-quality voluntary reporting practices, such as the presentation of a sustainability report, the use of GRI Standards and the certification of NFI, maintained these practices after the Directive. After two years of implementation, there were still companies that did ...
Sustainability
Corporate sustainability integrates financial performance with environmental, social, and governa... more Corporate sustainability integrates financial performance with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. Due to their personal characteristics, women can play an important role in promoting sustainable actions and strategic decision-making, creating positive effects on a company’s financial performance. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of Board gender diversity on financial performance, in the context of Portuguese listed companies. Financial performance was measured through an accounting-based measure, the return on assets (ROA), and a market-based measure, the Tobin’s Q. Board gender diversity was proxied through several measures identified in the literature and the information needed to construct them was manually collected from the corporate governance reports. A regression analysis was conducted on panel data consisting of 29 companies from the period from 2010 to 2019. The results show that female presence is positively related with ROA ...
Education Sciences
The accounting profession is undergoing significant changes due to revolutions in technology and ... more The accounting profession is undergoing significant changes due to revolutions in technology and markets. It is ever more important for higher education institutions (HEIs) to understand how to prepare professionals and students for the not-so-distant future. A review of the literature was conducted using VOS Viewer, focusing on the accountant’s profile in the context of the fourth industrial revolution and digital transformation. Then, the literature review’s findings were compared with the curricula of all Portuguese HEI accounting courses. The results show that transversal skills will be crucial in maintaining the relevance of the accounting profession, but HEIs seem to focus their curricula almost entirely on technical competencies/hard skills. There are, therefore, substantial divergences between what literature preaches and what education practices, not unlike what is being reported the world over. The origins and solutions to this apparent paradox are explored so as to contri...
Sustainability
The aim of this study is to investigate the reasons for the voluntary preparation of a sustainabi... more The aim of this study is to investigate the reasons for the voluntary preparation of a sustainability report and to identify sustainability disclosure practices in the context of non-listed companies. For this purpose, a multiple case study methodology involving five manufacturing Portuguese companies was employed. Data collection consisted of a mixed approach involving interviews with the sustainability report preparers, and content analysis of sustainability reports and company webpages. The results show two main reasons to initiating voluntary sustainability reporting: requirements from specific customers and the parent company, and the need to communicate with stakeholders, in particular customers, the local community, and suppliers. Companies reveal knowledge of sustainability-related concepts and apply frameworks such as GRI Standards and SDG in preparing their sustainability reports. Several departments are involved in preparing the sustainability report (sustainability, qual...
Revista De Contabilidade E Comercio, 2003
Revista De Contabilidade E Comercio, 2004
Revista De Contabilidade E Comercio, 2004
Administrative Sciences
Integrated reporting is essentially a voluntary practice worldwide. For this reason, although it ... more Integrated reporting is essentially a voluntary practice worldwide. For this reason, although it is growing, its diffusion is slow. Based on the Portuguese context, where a reduced number of listed companies publish integrated reports, this study aims to explore the drivers and barriers for the voluntary adoption of integrated reporting and the reporting practices up to the production of an integrated report. To this end, an analytical framework based on the Diffusion of Innovation Theory was developed and applied to data collected from a survey and corporate reports from both “adopters” and “non-adopters”. The evidence collected suggests that the adoption of integrated reporting may be driven by the perception of a relative advantage over traditional reporting in terms of providing more relevant information to capital providers, particularly banks. The publication of an integrated report appears to be the result of a process of incremental improvements in the practice of disclosure...
Sustainability
This paper investigates the effects of Directive 95/2014/EU on the quality of non-financial infor... more This paper investigates the effects of Directive 95/2014/EU on the quality of non-financial information (NFI) disclosed by Portuguese listed companies and explains the reporting practices adopted in this context. For this purpose, a content analysis of non-financial disclosures made a year before (2016) and in the first and second years of the implementation of the Directive (2017 and 2018) was performed. A self-constructed index that covers the disclosure matters required by the Directive was used to measure the quality of NFI. The findings showed that the major effects on the quality of non-financial disclosures were observed in the first year of implementation. Furthermore, it was observed that companies that had high-quality voluntary reporting practices, such as the presentation of a sustainability report, the use of GRI Standards and the certification of NFI, maintained these practices after the Directive. After two years of implementation, there were still companies that did ...
Sustainability
Corporate sustainability integrates financial performance with environmental, social, and governa... more Corporate sustainability integrates financial performance with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. Due to their personal characteristics, women can play an important role in promoting sustainable actions and strategic decision-making, creating positive effects on a company’s financial performance. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of Board gender diversity on financial performance, in the context of Portuguese listed companies. Financial performance was measured through an accounting-based measure, the return on assets (ROA), and a market-based measure, the Tobin’s Q. Board gender diversity was proxied through several measures identified in the literature and the information needed to construct them was manually collected from the corporate governance reports. A regression analysis was conducted on panel data consisting of 29 companies from the period from 2010 to 2019. The results show that female presence is positively related with ROA ...
Education Sciences
The accounting profession is undergoing significant changes due to revolutions in technology and ... more The accounting profession is undergoing significant changes due to revolutions in technology and markets. It is ever more important for higher education institutions (HEIs) to understand how to prepare professionals and students for the not-so-distant future. A review of the literature was conducted using VOS Viewer, focusing on the accountant’s profile in the context of the fourth industrial revolution and digital transformation. Then, the literature review’s findings were compared with the curricula of all Portuguese HEI accounting courses. The results show that transversal skills will be crucial in maintaining the relevance of the accounting profession, but HEIs seem to focus their curricula almost entirely on technical competencies/hard skills. There are, therefore, substantial divergences between what literature preaches and what education practices, not unlike what is being reported the world over. The origins and solutions to this apparent paradox are explored so as to contri...
Sustainability
The aim of this study is to investigate the reasons for the voluntary preparation of a sustainabi... more The aim of this study is to investigate the reasons for the voluntary preparation of a sustainability report and to identify sustainability disclosure practices in the context of non-listed companies. For this purpose, a multiple case study methodology involving five manufacturing Portuguese companies was employed. Data collection consisted of a mixed approach involving interviews with the sustainability report preparers, and content analysis of sustainability reports and company webpages. The results show two main reasons to initiating voluntary sustainability reporting: requirements from specific customers and the parent company, and the need to communicate with stakeholders, in particular customers, the local community, and suppliers. Companies reveal knowledge of sustainability-related concepts and apply frameworks such as GRI Standards and SDG in preparing their sustainability reports. Several departments are involved in preparing the sustainability report (sustainability, qual...
Revista De Contabilidade E Comercio, 2003
Revista De Contabilidade E Comercio, 2004
Revista De Contabilidade E Comercio, 2004