Cengiz Baycu - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Cengiz Baycu

Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2019

Objective(s): The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of mirtazapine with re... more Objective(s): The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of mirtazapine with respect to energy metabolism in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic liver of rats by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into 3 groups including control, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) group (55 mg/kg Streptozocin, IP) and T1DM+mirtazapine (20 mg/kg,PO) group. At the end of the experiment, blood glucose levels were measured and liver tissues were stained by Periodic acid–Schiff. Moreover, leptin and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) proteins were analyzed by western blot and immunohistochemistry; however, galanin were analyzed only by immunohistochemistry. Results: At the end of the study, in diabetes group, blood glucose level, GLUT2 and galanin expressions increased, while leptin expression decreased when compared to control group. Mirtazapine treatment restored the decreased leptin expression, and the increased blood g...

Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research

Soil fungi represent one of the important microbial groups that are actively involved in enhancem... more Soil fungi represent one of the important microbial groups that are actively involved in enhancement of environmental quality and plant nutrient supply. Studying native soil fungal species and their accurate identification is crucial for contribution to the checklist of fungi. The present study aimed at isolation and identification of some soil fungi from Jhum land, Mokokchung district, Nagaland. Serial dilution method was used to isolate soil fungi on RBA (Rose Bengal Agar) and PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) plates. Altogether fourteen fungal species belonging to genera Absidia, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Mortierella, Mucor, Penicillium and Trichoderma were identified by studying their macro- and micro-morphological characteristics.

OSMANGAZİ JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Özet: Diabetes mellitus (DM) sistemik bir hastalık olup çeşitli organlarda hasara neden olmaktadı... more Özet: Diabetes mellitus (DM) sistemik bir hastalık olup çeşitli organlarda hasara neden olmaktadır. Bu organlar arasında beyincik de yer almaktadır. Mirtazapin ise majör depresyon tedavisinde kullanılan bir antidepresan madde olup inflamasyon yanıtının düzenlenmesinde de rol oynamaktadır. Bütün bu bilgiler ışığında, çalışmamızda DM oluşturulan sıçanların beyinciklerinde meydana gelen değişiklikleri ve bu değişiklikler üzerine mirtazapinin etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Çalışmamızda toplam 21 adet yetişkin, erkek Sprague Dawley sıçan 3 eşit gruba ayrıldı (n=7). Kontrol grubuna hiçbir uygulama yapılmadı. DM grubundaki hayvanlara tek doz 55 mg/kg streptozotosin intraperitoneal olarak verilerek DM oluşturuldu. Mirtazapin grubuna streptozotosin uygulamasından 28 gün sonra, 14 gün boyunca günde 20 mg/kg mirtazapin gavaj yoluyla uygulandı. Deney sonunda alınan beyincik örnekleri %10'luk formaldehit ile fikse edildikten sonra rutin doku takip işleminin ardından alınan kesitlere hematoksilen ve eozin, krezil viyole boyama teknikleri ve akson rejenerasyonunu belirlemek amacıyla da GAP-43 immünohistokimyasal boyaması uygulandı. Kontrol grubunda beyincikte normal histoloji ile medüllada yüksek GAP-43 ekspresyonu gözlendi. DM grubunda Purkinje nöronlarında büzüşme ve bazı alanlarda hücre ölümü saptanırken, orta düzeyde GAP-43 immünoreaksiyonu belirlendi. Mirtazapin uygulanan grupta ise Purkinje nöronlarının ve histolojik yapının kontrol grubuna yakın olduğu gözlenirken GAP-43 ekspresyonunun DM grubuna benzer olduğu saptandı. Sonuç olarak, streptozotosinle oluşturulan DM sıçanların beyinciğinde özellikle Purkinje nöronlarında hasara ve medüllada miyelin kaybına yol açmakta ve mirtazapin uygulaması Purkinje nöronlarındaki hasarı azaltmakta, ancak miyelin rejenerasyonunu sağlamada belirgin bir etki göstermemektedir.

Acta Histochemica

AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mirtazapine, which is anti-oxidative ... more AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mirtazapine, which is anti-oxidative and antidepressant agent, on the kidney damage caused by diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 7 animals in each group). The group I rats served as control and they received 0.1 mol/L of citric acid buffer (pH = 4.5) as vehicle. The rats in the group II (DM group) and III (DM + Mirtazapine-treated group) were treated intraperitoneally with a single dose of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin dissolved in 0.1 mol/L of citric acid buffer. Group III rats were also received 20 mg/kg/day of mirtazapine for 2 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed. Then, the kidneys were excised and prepared for microscopical examination. caspase-1 and NLRP3 proteins were examined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The TUNEL assay for apoptosis and ELISA assay for IL-1β were performed. RESULTS Histological examination showed that mirtazapine administration has an ameliorative effect on DM-induced kidney damage. Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses showed that NLRP3 and caspase-1 expressions were increased in the DM group according to the control group and the mirtazapine administration decreased these expressions. The intraglomerular and tubular TUNEL-positive cells were numerous in the DM group compared to the mirtazapine-treated group. The level of IL-1β was highest in the DM group, and decreased significantly in the mirtazapine-treated group. CONCLUSION In this study, 20 mg/kg/day mirtazapine administration for 2 weeks reduced NLRP3 and caspase-1 expressions and IL-1β level in the diabetic rat kidneys. These results suggesting that mirtazapine may be useful in the treatment of DM and other metabolic diseases. Advanced molecular studies are needed to elucidate the exact effects of mirtazapine on NLRP3 inflammasome.

Osmangazi Journal of Medicine

Oz: Aminoglikozidler, gunumuzde klinik uygulamalarda sik olarak kullanilmaktadir. Gentamisin, g... more Oz: Aminoglikozidler, gunumuzde klinik uygulamalarda sik olarak kullanilmaktadir. Gentamisin, gram (-) bakteriyel enfeksiyonlarin tedavisinde kullanilan aminoglikozid turevi bir antibiyotiktir. Aminoglikozid kullaniminin kisitlayici en onemli ozelligi toksisiteleridir. Gentamisin testiste yapisal ve sitotoksik degisiklikler ortaya cikarmaktadir. Hucre ve dokular, olusan bu toksik etkilerden C vitamini gibi antioksidanlarla korunabilirler. Calismamizda gentamisinin sican testisleri uzerindeki toksik etkisi uzerine C vitaminin rolunu arastirmayi amacladik. Bu calismada, 28 adet Spraque-Dawley turu sican kullanildi. Sicanlar her grupta 7 eriskin erkek sican olacak sekilde kontrol, 5 mg/kg gentamisin, 5 mg/kg gentamisin + 200 mg/kg C vitamini ve 200 mg/kg C vitamini verilen grup olmak uzere dort gruba ayrildi. Deney suresi sonunda sicanlar anestezik madde ile uyutularak testis dokusu ornekleri alindi, vucut ve testis agirliklari olculdu ve karsilastirmalar yapildi. Sol testisler doku takip islemi icin Bouin cozeltisi icerisine, sag testisler ise %10‘luk notral formalin icerisine alindi ve rutin histolojik islemlerden sonra bloklandi. Elde edilen parafin bloklardan 3 μm kalinliginda seri kesitler alindi ve kesitler Hematoksilen-Eozin (H-E) ve Periyodik Asit-Schiff + Hematoksilen (PAS + H) ile boyandi. Tum kesitlerin DP 70 dijital kamera eklentili Olympus BX51 isik mikroskobu (Olympus Corp. Tokyo, Japan) ile goruntulemesi yapildi ve fotograflandi. Calisma sonunda elde edilen bulgulara gore vucut agirliklari acisindan gruplar arasinda onemli fark gozlendi. Mikroskobik incelemelerde, gentamisinin testislerde onemli hasara yol actigi ve bu hasarin gentamisin + C vitamini verilen gruplarda azaldigi gozlemlendi. Elde edilen bulgularla, gentamisinin testislerde meydana getirdigi toksik etkinin C vitamini verilmesiyle onlenebilecegi sonucuna varildi. Anahtar Kelimeler: gentamisin, C vitamini, sican, testis. Abstract: Aminoglycosides are commonly used in clinical practice today. Gentamicin, gram (-) used in the treatment of bacterial infection is an antibiotic of the aminoglycoside derivatives. The most important feature is the restriction of the use of aminoglycoside toxicity. Gentamicin in testes reveal the structural and cytotoxic changes. Cells and tissue can be protected from gentamicin toxicity from antioxidants such as vitamin C. Material and methods: In this study we aimed to investigate the role of vitamin C in the protection of rat testes from gentamicin toxicity. In our study 28 Sprague-Dawley rats were used in four groups of 7. Rats in each group of 7 male rats were controlled to 5 mg / kg of gentamicin, 5 mg / kg gentamicin + 200 mg / kg of vitamin C and 200 mg / kg of vitamin C. After the experiment, the body weight and testicles were measured and comparisons were made. For follow-up is left testes tissue taken up in Bouin solution, while the right testis was taken up in 10% buffered formalin for routine histological processing then tissue preparation. After the staining process was blocked. 3 μm sections taken from each block hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff + were stained with hematoxylin and microscopic examinations were performed. Significant differences between groups in terms of body weight were observed. Microscopic examination revealed gentamicin caused significant damage to the testes and this damage decreased in the group treated with gentamicin + Vitamin C. From the resulting findings it can be concluded that gentamicin toxicity in the rat testes can be prevented by the administration of vitamin C. Keywords: gentamicin, vitamin C, Rat, testis

Turkish Neurosurgery, 2016

Genistein was shown to promote recovery in experimental peripheral neuropathy and chronic periphe... more Genistein was shown to promote recovery in experimental peripheral neuropathy and chronic peripheral nerve injury (23,24). However, the effect of genistein in animal models of acute crush injury or complete transection of peripheral nerve has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of genistein after experimental sciatic nerve crush injury and complete sciatic nerve transection in rats and to compare its effects with those of gabapentin. █ INTRODUCTION A lthough microsurgical techniques have been developed and positive effects of clinically and experimentally different neurotrophic drugs, steroids, hormones, and even low-dose radiation have been reported, desirable motor and sensory recovery after peripheral nerve injury is a clinical challenge (6,16,18,20,25). Methylprednisolone and gabapentin are considered as reference agents, against which the medical treatment of traumatic peripheral nerve injury is evaluated. However, their adverse effects are a major limitation associated with their clinical use (16). AIM: To investigate the effects of genistein in a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury and complete sciatic nerve transection. The effects of genistein were compared with those of gabapentin, which is widely used in clinical practice for peripheral nerve injury. MATERIAL and METHODS: Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into six groups (8 rats in each group): group 1 (sham); group 2, sciatic nerve crush injury (control); group 3, sciatic nerve crush injury+genistein 20 mg/kg; group 4, sciatic nerve crush injury+gabapentin 90 mg/kg; group 5, sciatic nerve transection+genistein 20 mg/kg; group 6, sciatic nerve transection+gabapentin 90 mg/kg. The effects of genistein and gabapentin were assessed with immunohistochemical staining for growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and myelin basic protein (MBP). Interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α levels in the injured nerve specimens were assessed as a measure of inflammatory response; walking track analysis and sciatic function index for neurological recovery and the paw mechanical withdrawal threshold were examined for neuropathic pain. RESULTS: On histopathological examination, genistein use was associated with a greater immunoreactivity for GAP-43 and MBP compared with that associated with gabapentin. Genistein and gabapentin had similar effects on anti-inflammatory activity, functional recovery, and neuropathic pain. CONCLUSION: Genistein and gabapentin exhibit positive effects on histopathology, inflammation, and clinical findings of peripheral nerve injury. When the systemic side effects of gabapentin are considered, genistein (a basic soy isoflavone that has no side effects) can be used as an alternative to medical treatment in peripheral nerve injury.

Turkish Neurosurgery, 2016

experimental and clinical studies, the exact underlying mechanisms for the associated pathologica... more experimental and clinical studies, the exact underlying mechanisms for the associated pathological conditions such as vasospasm remain to be identified. Major histological change during the cerebral vasospasm after SAH is the endothelial cell injury induced by apoptosis. Nimodipine is a dihydropidin-group calcium channel blocker that is selective to the cerebral vessels. It is the only used in clinical practice in patients diagnosed as SAH (3,24,26). █ INTRODUCTION S ubarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) is an acute-onset, usually arterial or rarely venous bleeding into cerebral subarachnoid space or between the arachnoid and pia mater (19). It is commonly seen after head trauma, while 75-80% of the spontaneous SAH results from the rupture of intracranial aneurysms (11). Despite using the available treatments, the mortality is high. Although there are numerous AIm: Cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is the most important complication that effects the mortality and morbidity of patients with intracranial aneurysm. Today, the mechanisms of vasospasm are not understood in spite of experimental and clinical researches. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on vasospasm following SAH. mATERIAl and mEThODS: In this study, 64 rats (200-250 g weight) were divided into 7 groups. Group 1, having no treatment after SAH; Group 2, treatment with nimodipine after SAH; Group 3, treatment with nicorandil after SAH; Group 4, treatment with sildenafil citrate after SAH; Group 5, treatment with 150 mg/kg curcumin after SAH; Group 6, treatment with 300 mg/kg curcumin after SAH, Group 7, treatment with 600 mg/kg curcumin after SAH. The experimental SAH was induced by injection of autologous blood into the cisterna magna. After medical treatment, in the first hour, blood was taken for quantified the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Then, cerebrum and cerebellum were removed for analysis. Basilar artery luminal diameter was measured and apoptotic cell count was performed with tissue samples. RESUlTS: Histopathological findings showed that, in sufficient dose, curcumin dilated the basilar artery beside anti-oxidant effect. CONClUSION: Curcumin can be used for the treatment of vasospasm as a new medical drug.

Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Case Reports, 1995

Several histochemical methods have been used for light microscopic identification of Leydig cells... more Several histochemical methods have been used for light microscopic identification of Leydig cells from rat interstitial tissue. In the present paper, Percoll-isolated Leydig cells was studied using a-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) which is an alternative marker enzyme by electron microscope. After isolation of Leydig cells, they were than incubated for non-specific esterases with a-naphthyl acetate as a substrate and hexazotized pararosanilin as coupler for 5 min. at 4°C (pH 6.5). Leydig cells displayed positive ANAE reaction on their plasma membrane only. No activity was seen within the Leydig cell cytoplasm. As a conclusion, ANAE is a reliable marker enzyme for Leydig cells if certain conditions such as pH, temperature and incubation time are used. [Turk J Med Res 1995; 13(6):172-175]

Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Case Reports, 1999

OSMANGAZİ JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 2016

Ozet: Kok hucreler kararli yapisiyla cok hucreli canlilarda bulunan bir hucre turudur. Mezensima... more Ozet: Kok hucreler kararli yapisiyla cok hucreli canlilarda bulunan bir hucre turudur. Mezensimal kok hucreler yetiskin tipte kok hucrelerdir. Gunumuzde kok hucre tedavileri, tibbin bircok alaninda deneysel veya bazi alanlarinda da klinik olarak kullanilan onemli tedavi yontemlerindendir. Kanser, insidansi son yillarda artan bir hastaliktir. Farkli tedavi yontemleri kullanilmasina ragmen henuz kanseri eradike edebilecek bir tedavi mevcut degildir. Bircok deneysel calismada tedavi edici ve koruyucu ozelligi gosterilen MKH’nin kanser modellerinde kanserli hucreleri baskiladigi ve cogalmalarini durdurdugu bildirilmistir. Ancak son yillarda kanser tedavisi icin kok hucrelerin kullanildigi calismalarda; kok hucrelerin kanser olusumunu tetikledigi, kitleyi buyuttugu, yeni damarlarin olusumuna ve kanserin invazyonuna yardimci oldugu gosterilmistir. MKH’ler ile kanser hucreleri arasindaki iletisimin MKH’lerden salinan sitokinler yardimiyla saglandigi bilinmektedir. MKH’nin salgiladigi bu sitokinlerin varligi ve kanserli hucreler uzerindeki etkisi MKH’lerin tedavi guvenilirligini azaltmaktadir. ANAHTAR KELIMELER: Mezensimal kok hucre, Kanser, Sitokin. THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL CYTOKINES ON THE CANCER CELLS Abstract: Stem cells are the cell types that found in multicellular organisms with a stable structure. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are types of adult stem cells. Stem cell therapies are very important treatment methods that are used in many areas of experimental medicine or clinical part. Cancer is widespread disease with an increasing incidence in recent years. Despite the use of different treatment methods, there has been no definitive treatment for cancer treatment yet. MSCs therapeutic and protective features have been demonstrated in various experimental studies. In cancer models, MSCs suppressed and stopped the growth of cancer cells in recent studies. However, recently the stem cells used in cancer treatment studies trigger the formation of cancer, make larger its mass, help the formation of new vessels and lead to cancer invasion. The communication between cancer cells and MSCs are known to be done with MSCs released cytokines. The presence of these cytokines that secreted by MSCs and effects on cancer cells reduces the reliability of MSC treatment. KEYWORDS: Mesenchymal stem cells, Cancer, Cytokine

Tumor Biology, 2015

Stem cell therapies are important treatment methodologies used in many areas of experimental or c... more Stem cell therapies are important treatment methodologies used in many areas of experimental or clinical medicine. In recent studies of cancer models, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) suppressed the growth of cancer cells. However, also in some studies, stem cell treatments have been shown to induce cancer formation, increase tumor volume, induce the formation of new vessels, and lead to cancer invasion. The presence of MSC-secreted cytokines and their effects on cancer cells limits the reliability of MSC-based treatments. Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene), an antioxidant found in red wine, has been shown to have therapeutic effects against several cancers. The aim of this study was to co-culture MSCs with A549 cancer cells to suppress the release of cancer-promoting cytokines from MSCs and to increase the applicability and reliability of stem cell therapies with resveratrol. MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and neutral red cell viability assays were used to find safety dose of resveratrol. The MSCs secreted the cytokines IL-6 and VEGF, and the effect of resveratrol on these cytokines was analyzed by ELISA and western blot analysis of conditioned medium. One μM of resveratrol was found to be the safety dose for the A549 cancer cells and MSCs. We observed the highest release of IL-6 and VEGF from the co-cultured A549 cells and MSCs, and resveratrol was found to significantly decrease the release of these cytokines. Our study suggests that resveratrol exerts a positive effect on the release of cytokines. The safety dose of resveratrol can be administered together with stem cells during stem cell treatment.

Saudi Medical Journal, May 1, 2007

To evaluate the histological and ultrastructural alterations in rabbit knee joint cartilage and s... more To evaluate the histological and ultrastructural alterations in rabbit knee joint cartilage and synovia induced by intraarticular injections of 2 water soluble contrast agents. The study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical Faculty, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey in January 2002. To examine the effect of contrast agents on articular cartilage and synovial membrane, rabbit model was used. Specimens from 62 knee joints were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy one hour, one day, one week and 2 weeks after intraarticular administration of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, iopromide or saline. In the knees injected with saline, light microscopic changes of the synovium consisted of edema only. Edema and hyperemia were seen in contrast agent injected knees. Ultrastructurally, numerous and large pinocytotic vesicles in A cells of the synovial membrane were seen in contrast agent injected groups. In the knees injected with saline the cartilage were ultrastructurally normal but contrast agent injected knees showed increased activation of chondrocytes with increase of dense glycogen accumulation, large lipid vacuoles and matrix material. There were very rare pycnotic cells in these samples. The rating scale has been used and the means of the total scores were determined for the groups. The effects of contrast agents reduced gradually on the cartilage and synovium in general but did not become completely normal in the observation period.

The Chinese journal of physiology, Jan 31, 2010

In the study, the effects of relatively high single-dose of Ochratoxin A (OTA) and the antioxidan... more In the study, the effects of relatively high single-dose of Ochratoxin A (OTA) and the antioxidant effects of Melatonin (Mel) and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on OTA-induced oxidative damages in rats were investigated. A total of 28 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of 7 rats each: Control, OTA, Mel+OTA and CoQ10+OTA groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the plasma and glutathione (GSH) levels in whole blood were measured; kidneys (for histological inspection and for apoptosis detection by TUNEL method) and bone marrow samples (for chromosome aberration and mitotic index) were taken. The rats in the OTA group showed limited degeneration of tubular cells. In some tubules karyomegaly, desquamated cells and vacuolization were observed by light microscopy. Mel and CoQ10 treatment significantly reduced the severity of the lesions. MDA levels of the OTA group were significantly higher than the control, OTA+Mel and OTA+CoQ10 groups, while GSH levels were significantly lower ...

Saudi medical journal, 2007

To evaluate the histological and ultrastructural alterations in rabbit knee joint cartilage and s... more To evaluate the histological and ultrastructural alterations in rabbit knee joint cartilage and synovia induced by intraarticular injections of 2 water soluble contrast agents. The study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical Faculty, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey in January 2002. To examine the effect of contrast agents on articular cartilage and synovial membrane, rabbit model was used. Specimens from 62 knee joints were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy one hour, one day, one week and 2 weeks after intraarticular administration of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, iopromide or saline. In the knees injected with saline, light microscopic changes of the synovium consisted of edema only. Edema and hyperemia were seen in contrast agent injected knees. Ultrastructurally, numerous and large pinocytotic vesicles in A cells of the synovial membrane were seen in contrast agent injected groups. In the...

Urologia internationalis, 1990

It is well known that infection-induced stones (apatite, struvite), uric acid and cystine calculi... more It is well known that infection-induced stones (apatite, struvite), uric acid and cystine calculi in the urinary tract can be managed by the use of certain chemical solutions. We investigated the effects of various acidic and alkaline solutions on the rabbit urothelium. Acidic solutions (pH: 4.2) caused more urothelial injury as compared to alkaline solutions (pH: 7.6). Ureteral injury was more severe than the bladder injury. Magnesium-containing solutions caused less injury to the urothelium.

Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2014

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) drugs are the most commonly used group of drugs today. Incr... more Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) drugs are the most commonly used group of drugs today. Increase in the use of standard NSAI for treating pain and inflammation was restricted by the fact that these drugs were proven to possibly cause gastrointestinal and renal toxicity. Meloxicam is a NSAI that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. This study aims to investigate the effects of meloxicam on stomach, kidney, and liver of rats under light microscopy level. Based on the light microscopic observations, mononuclear cell infiltration and pseudolobular formation was established in liver samples of animals in the experimental group. Metaplasia in surface and glandular epithelia and atrophy were observed in stomach samples. Glomerular stasis-related hypertrophy and focal interstitial nephritis were found in kidneys. It was concluded in this study that meloxicam might cause hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and gastric metaplasia in rats at a used dose and duration.

Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2019

Objective(s): The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of mirtazapine with re... more Objective(s): The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of mirtazapine with respect to energy metabolism in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic liver of rats by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into 3 groups including control, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) group (55 mg/kg Streptozocin, IP) and T1DM+mirtazapine (20 mg/kg,PO) group. At the end of the experiment, blood glucose levels were measured and liver tissues were stained by Periodic acid–Schiff. Moreover, leptin and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) proteins were analyzed by western blot and immunohistochemistry; however, galanin were analyzed only by immunohistochemistry. Results: At the end of the study, in diabetes group, blood glucose level, GLUT2 and galanin expressions increased, while leptin expression decreased when compared to control group. Mirtazapine treatment restored the decreased leptin expression, and the increased blood g...

Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research

Soil fungi represent one of the important microbial groups that are actively involved in enhancem... more Soil fungi represent one of the important microbial groups that are actively involved in enhancement of environmental quality and plant nutrient supply. Studying native soil fungal species and their accurate identification is crucial for contribution to the checklist of fungi. The present study aimed at isolation and identification of some soil fungi from Jhum land, Mokokchung district, Nagaland. Serial dilution method was used to isolate soil fungi on RBA (Rose Bengal Agar) and PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) plates. Altogether fourteen fungal species belonging to genera Absidia, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Mortierella, Mucor, Penicillium and Trichoderma were identified by studying their macro- and micro-morphological characteristics.

OSMANGAZİ JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Özet: Diabetes mellitus (DM) sistemik bir hastalık olup çeşitli organlarda hasara neden olmaktadı... more Özet: Diabetes mellitus (DM) sistemik bir hastalık olup çeşitli organlarda hasara neden olmaktadır. Bu organlar arasında beyincik de yer almaktadır. Mirtazapin ise majör depresyon tedavisinde kullanılan bir antidepresan madde olup inflamasyon yanıtının düzenlenmesinde de rol oynamaktadır. Bütün bu bilgiler ışığında, çalışmamızda DM oluşturulan sıçanların beyinciklerinde meydana gelen değişiklikleri ve bu değişiklikler üzerine mirtazapinin etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Çalışmamızda toplam 21 adet yetişkin, erkek Sprague Dawley sıçan 3 eşit gruba ayrıldı (n=7). Kontrol grubuna hiçbir uygulama yapılmadı. DM grubundaki hayvanlara tek doz 55 mg/kg streptozotosin intraperitoneal olarak verilerek DM oluşturuldu. Mirtazapin grubuna streptozotosin uygulamasından 28 gün sonra, 14 gün boyunca günde 20 mg/kg mirtazapin gavaj yoluyla uygulandı. Deney sonunda alınan beyincik örnekleri %10'luk formaldehit ile fikse edildikten sonra rutin doku takip işleminin ardından alınan kesitlere hematoksilen ve eozin, krezil viyole boyama teknikleri ve akson rejenerasyonunu belirlemek amacıyla da GAP-43 immünohistokimyasal boyaması uygulandı. Kontrol grubunda beyincikte normal histoloji ile medüllada yüksek GAP-43 ekspresyonu gözlendi. DM grubunda Purkinje nöronlarında büzüşme ve bazı alanlarda hücre ölümü saptanırken, orta düzeyde GAP-43 immünoreaksiyonu belirlendi. Mirtazapin uygulanan grupta ise Purkinje nöronlarının ve histolojik yapının kontrol grubuna yakın olduğu gözlenirken GAP-43 ekspresyonunun DM grubuna benzer olduğu saptandı. Sonuç olarak, streptozotosinle oluşturulan DM sıçanların beyinciğinde özellikle Purkinje nöronlarında hasara ve medüllada miyelin kaybına yol açmakta ve mirtazapin uygulaması Purkinje nöronlarındaki hasarı azaltmakta, ancak miyelin rejenerasyonunu sağlamada belirgin bir etki göstermemektedir.

Acta Histochemica

AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mirtazapine, which is anti-oxidative ... more AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mirtazapine, which is anti-oxidative and antidepressant agent, on the kidney damage caused by diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 7 animals in each group). The group I rats served as control and they received 0.1 mol/L of citric acid buffer (pH = 4.5) as vehicle. The rats in the group II (DM group) and III (DM + Mirtazapine-treated group) were treated intraperitoneally with a single dose of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin dissolved in 0.1 mol/L of citric acid buffer. Group III rats were also received 20 mg/kg/day of mirtazapine for 2 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed. Then, the kidneys were excised and prepared for microscopical examination. caspase-1 and NLRP3 proteins were examined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The TUNEL assay for apoptosis and ELISA assay for IL-1β were performed. RESULTS Histological examination showed that mirtazapine administration has an ameliorative effect on DM-induced kidney damage. Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses showed that NLRP3 and caspase-1 expressions were increased in the DM group according to the control group and the mirtazapine administration decreased these expressions. The intraglomerular and tubular TUNEL-positive cells were numerous in the DM group compared to the mirtazapine-treated group. The level of IL-1β was highest in the DM group, and decreased significantly in the mirtazapine-treated group. CONCLUSION In this study, 20 mg/kg/day mirtazapine administration for 2 weeks reduced NLRP3 and caspase-1 expressions and IL-1β level in the diabetic rat kidneys. These results suggesting that mirtazapine may be useful in the treatment of DM and other metabolic diseases. Advanced molecular studies are needed to elucidate the exact effects of mirtazapine on NLRP3 inflammasome.

Osmangazi Journal of Medicine

Oz: Aminoglikozidler, gunumuzde klinik uygulamalarda sik olarak kullanilmaktadir. Gentamisin, g... more Oz: Aminoglikozidler, gunumuzde klinik uygulamalarda sik olarak kullanilmaktadir. Gentamisin, gram (-) bakteriyel enfeksiyonlarin tedavisinde kullanilan aminoglikozid turevi bir antibiyotiktir. Aminoglikozid kullaniminin kisitlayici en onemli ozelligi toksisiteleridir. Gentamisin testiste yapisal ve sitotoksik degisiklikler ortaya cikarmaktadir. Hucre ve dokular, olusan bu toksik etkilerden C vitamini gibi antioksidanlarla korunabilirler. Calismamizda gentamisinin sican testisleri uzerindeki toksik etkisi uzerine C vitaminin rolunu arastirmayi amacladik. Bu calismada, 28 adet Spraque-Dawley turu sican kullanildi. Sicanlar her grupta 7 eriskin erkek sican olacak sekilde kontrol, 5 mg/kg gentamisin, 5 mg/kg gentamisin + 200 mg/kg C vitamini ve 200 mg/kg C vitamini verilen grup olmak uzere dort gruba ayrildi. Deney suresi sonunda sicanlar anestezik madde ile uyutularak testis dokusu ornekleri alindi, vucut ve testis agirliklari olculdu ve karsilastirmalar yapildi. Sol testisler doku takip islemi icin Bouin cozeltisi icerisine, sag testisler ise %10‘luk notral formalin icerisine alindi ve rutin histolojik islemlerden sonra bloklandi. Elde edilen parafin bloklardan 3 μm kalinliginda seri kesitler alindi ve kesitler Hematoksilen-Eozin (H-E) ve Periyodik Asit-Schiff + Hematoksilen (PAS + H) ile boyandi. Tum kesitlerin DP 70 dijital kamera eklentili Olympus BX51 isik mikroskobu (Olympus Corp. Tokyo, Japan) ile goruntulemesi yapildi ve fotograflandi. Calisma sonunda elde edilen bulgulara gore vucut agirliklari acisindan gruplar arasinda onemli fark gozlendi. Mikroskobik incelemelerde, gentamisinin testislerde onemli hasara yol actigi ve bu hasarin gentamisin + C vitamini verilen gruplarda azaldigi gozlemlendi. Elde edilen bulgularla, gentamisinin testislerde meydana getirdigi toksik etkinin C vitamini verilmesiyle onlenebilecegi sonucuna varildi. Anahtar Kelimeler: gentamisin, C vitamini, sican, testis. Abstract: Aminoglycosides are commonly used in clinical practice today. Gentamicin, gram (-) used in the treatment of bacterial infection is an antibiotic of the aminoglycoside derivatives. The most important feature is the restriction of the use of aminoglycoside toxicity. Gentamicin in testes reveal the structural and cytotoxic changes. Cells and tissue can be protected from gentamicin toxicity from antioxidants such as vitamin C. Material and methods: In this study we aimed to investigate the role of vitamin C in the protection of rat testes from gentamicin toxicity. In our study 28 Sprague-Dawley rats were used in four groups of 7. Rats in each group of 7 male rats were controlled to 5 mg / kg of gentamicin, 5 mg / kg gentamicin + 200 mg / kg of vitamin C and 200 mg / kg of vitamin C. After the experiment, the body weight and testicles were measured and comparisons were made. For follow-up is left testes tissue taken up in Bouin solution, while the right testis was taken up in 10% buffered formalin for routine histological processing then tissue preparation. After the staining process was blocked. 3 μm sections taken from each block hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff + were stained with hematoxylin and microscopic examinations were performed. Significant differences between groups in terms of body weight were observed. Microscopic examination revealed gentamicin caused significant damage to the testes and this damage decreased in the group treated with gentamicin + Vitamin C. From the resulting findings it can be concluded that gentamicin toxicity in the rat testes can be prevented by the administration of vitamin C. Keywords: gentamicin, vitamin C, Rat, testis

Turkish Neurosurgery, 2016

Genistein was shown to promote recovery in experimental peripheral neuropathy and chronic periphe... more Genistein was shown to promote recovery in experimental peripheral neuropathy and chronic peripheral nerve injury (23,24). However, the effect of genistein in animal models of acute crush injury or complete transection of peripheral nerve has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of genistein after experimental sciatic nerve crush injury and complete sciatic nerve transection in rats and to compare its effects with those of gabapentin. █ INTRODUCTION A lthough microsurgical techniques have been developed and positive effects of clinically and experimentally different neurotrophic drugs, steroids, hormones, and even low-dose radiation have been reported, desirable motor and sensory recovery after peripheral nerve injury is a clinical challenge (6,16,18,20,25). Methylprednisolone and gabapentin are considered as reference agents, against which the medical treatment of traumatic peripheral nerve injury is evaluated. However, their adverse effects are a major limitation associated with their clinical use (16). AIM: To investigate the effects of genistein in a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury and complete sciatic nerve transection. The effects of genistein were compared with those of gabapentin, which is widely used in clinical practice for peripheral nerve injury. MATERIAL and METHODS: Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into six groups (8 rats in each group): group 1 (sham); group 2, sciatic nerve crush injury (control); group 3, sciatic nerve crush injury+genistein 20 mg/kg; group 4, sciatic nerve crush injury+gabapentin 90 mg/kg; group 5, sciatic nerve transection+genistein 20 mg/kg; group 6, sciatic nerve transection+gabapentin 90 mg/kg. The effects of genistein and gabapentin were assessed with immunohistochemical staining for growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and myelin basic protein (MBP). Interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α levels in the injured nerve specimens were assessed as a measure of inflammatory response; walking track analysis and sciatic function index for neurological recovery and the paw mechanical withdrawal threshold were examined for neuropathic pain. RESULTS: On histopathological examination, genistein use was associated with a greater immunoreactivity for GAP-43 and MBP compared with that associated with gabapentin. Genistein and gabapentin had similar effects on anti-inflammatory activity, functional recovery, and neuropathic pain. CONCLUSION: Genistein and gabapentin exhibit positive effects on histopathology, inflammation, and clinical findings of peripheral nerve injury. When the systemic side effects of gabapentin are considered, genistein (a basic soy isoflavone that has no side effects) can be used as an alternative to medical treatment in peripheral nerve injury.

Turkish Neurosurgery, 2016

experimental and clinical studies, the exact underlying mechanisms for the associated pathologica... more experimental and clinical studies, the exact underlying mechanisms for the associated pathological conditions such as vasospasm remain to be identified. Major histological change during the cerebral vasospasm after SAH is the endothelial cell injury induced by apoptosis. Nimodipine is a dihydropidin-group calcium channel blocker that is selective to the cerebral vessels. It is the only used in clinical practice in patients diagnosed as SAH (3,24,26). █ INTRODUCTION S ubarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) is an acute-onset, usually arterial or rarely venous bleeding into cerebral subarachnoid space or between the arachnoid and pia mater (19). It is commonly seen after head trauma, while 75-80% of the spontaneous SAH results from the rupture of intracranial aneurysms (11). Despite using the available treatments, the mortality is high. Although there are numerous AIm: Cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is the most important complication that effects the mortality and morbidity of patients with intracranial aneurysm. Today, the mechanisms of vasospasm are not understood in spite of experimental and clinical researches. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on vasospasm following SAH. mATERIAl and mEThODS: In this study, 64 rats (200-250 g weight) were divided into 7 groups. Group 1, having no treatment after SAH; Group 2, treatment with nimodipine after SAH; Group 3, treatment with nicorandil after SAH; Group 4, treatment with sildenafil citrate after SAH; Group 5, treatment with 150 mg/kg curcumin after SAH; Group 6, treatment with 300 mg/kg curcumin after SAH, Group 7, treatment with 600 mg/kg curcumin after SAH. The experimental SAH was induced by injection of autologous blood into the cisterna magna. After medical treatment, in the first hour, blood was taken for quantified the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Then, cerebrum and cerebellum were removed for analysis. Basilar artery luminal diameter was measured and apoptotic cell count was performed with tissue samples. RESUlTS: Histopathological findings showed that, in sufficient dose, curcumin dilated the basilar artery beside anti-oxidant effect. CONClUSION: Curcumin can be used for the treatment of vasospasm as a new medical drug.

Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Case Reports, 1995

Several histochemical methods have been used for light microscopic identification of Leydig cells... more Several histochemical methods have been used for light microscopic identification of Leydig cells from rat interstitial tissue. In the present paper, Percoll-isolated Leydig cells was studied using a-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) which is an alternative marker enzyme by electron microscope. After isolation of Leydig cells, they were than incubated for non-specific esterases with a-naphthyl acetate as a substrate and hexazotized pararosanilin as coupler for 5 min. at 4°C (pH 6.5). Leydig cells displayed positive ANAE reaction on their plasma membrane only. No activity was seen within the Leydig cell cytoplasm. As a conclusion, ANAE is a reliable marker enzyme for Leydig cells if certain conditions such as pH, temperature and incubation time are used. [Turk J Med Res 1995; 13(6):172-175]

Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Case Reports, 1999

OSMANGAZİ JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 2016

Ozet: Kok hucreler kararli yapisiyla cok hucreli canlilarda bulunan bir hucre turudur. Mezensima... more Ozet: Kok hucreler kararli yapisiyla cok hucreli canlilarda bulunan bir hucre turudur. Mezensimal kok hucreler yetiskin tipte kok hucrelerdir. Gunumuzde kok hucre tedavileri, tibbin bircok alaninda deneysel veya bazi alanlarinda da klinik olarak kullanilan onemli tedavi yontemlerindendir. Kanser, insidansi son yillarda artan bir hastaliktir. Farkli tedavi yontemleri kullanilmasina ragmen henuz kanseri eradike edebilecek bir tedavi mevcut degildir. Bircok deneysel calismada tedavi edici ve koruyucu ozelligi gosterilen MKH’nin kanser modellerinde kanserli hucreleri baskiladigi ve cogalmalarini durdurdugu bildirilmistir. Ancak son yillarda kanser tedavisi icin kok hucrelerin kullanildigi calismalarda; kok hucrelerin kanser olusumunu tetikledigi, kitleyi buyuttugu, yeni damarlarin olusumuna ve kanserin invazyonuna yardimci oldugu gosterilmistir. MKH’ler ile kanser hucreleri arasindaki iletisimin MKH’lerden salinan sitokinler yardimiyla saglandigi bilinmektedir. MKH’nin salgiladigi bu sitokinlerin varligi ve kanserli hucreler uzerindeki etkisi MKH’lerin tedavi guvenilirligini azaltmaktadir. ANAHTAR KELIMELER: Mezensimal kok hucre, Kanser, Sitokin. THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL CYTOKINES ON THE CANCER CELLS Abstract: Stem cells are the cell types that found in multicellular organisms with a stable structure. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are types of adult stem cells. Stem cell therapies are very important treatment methods that are used in many areas of experimental medicine or clinical part. Cancer is widespread disease with an increasing incidence in recent years. Despite the use of different treatment methods, there has been no definitive treatment for cancer treatment yet. MSCs therapeutic and protective features have been demonstrated in various experimental studies. In cancer models, MSCs suppressed and stopped the growth of cancer cells in recent studies. However, recently the stem cells used in cancer treatment studies trigger the formation of cancer, make larger its mass, help the formation of new vessels and lead to cancer invasion. The communication between cancer cells and MSCs are known to be done with MSCs released cytokines. The presence of these cytokines that secreted by MSCs and effects on cancer cells reduces the reliability of MSC treatment. KEYWORDS: Mesenchymal stem cells, Cancer, Cytokine

Tumor Biology, 2015

Stem cell therapies are important treatment methodologies used in many areas of experimental or c... more Stem cell therapies are important treatment methodologies used in many areas of experimental or clinical medicine. In recent studies of cancer models, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) suppressed the growth of cancer cells. However, also in some studies, stem cell treatments have been shown to induce cancer formation, increase tumor volume, induce the formation of new vessels, and lead to cancer invasion. The presence of MSC-secreted cytokines and their effects on cancer cells limits the reliability of MSC-based treatments. Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene), an antioxidant found in red wine, has been shown to have therapeutic effects against several cancers. The aim of this study was to co-culture MSCs with A549 cancer cells to suppress the release of cancer-promoting cytokines from MSCs and to increase the applicability and reliability of stem cell therapies with resveratrol. MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and neutral red cell viability assays were used to find safety dose of resveratrol. The MSCs secreted the cytokines IL-6 and VEGF, and the effect of resveratrol on these cytokines was analyzed by ELISA and western blot analysis of conditioned medium. One μM of resveratrol was found to be the safety dose for the A549 cancer cells and MSCs. We observed the highest release of IL-6 and VEGF from the co-cultured A549 cells and MSCs, and resveratrol was found to significantly decrease the release of these cytokines. Our study suggests that resveratrol exerts a positive effect on the release of cytokines. The safety dose of resveratrol can be administered together with stem cells during stem cell treatment.

Saudi Medical Journal, May 1, 2007

To evaluate the histological and ultrastructural alterations in rabbit knee joint cartilage and s... more To evaluate the histological and ultrastructural alterations in rabbit knee joint cartilage and synovia induced by intraarticular injections of 2 water soluble contrast agents. The study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical Faculty, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey in January 2002. To examine the effect of contrast agents on articular cartilage and synovial membrane, rabbit model was used. Specimens from 62 knee joints were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy one hour, one day, one week and 2 weeks after intraarticular administration of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, iopromide or saline. In the knees injected with saline, light microscopic changes of the synovium consisted of edema only. Edema and hyperemia were seen in contrast agent injected knees. Ultrastructurally, numerous and large pinocytotic vesicles in A cells of the synovial membrane were seen in contrast agent injected groups. In the knees injected with saline the cartilage were ultrastructurally normal but contrast agent injected knees showed increased activation of chondrocytes with increase of dense glycogen accumulation, large lipid vacuoles and matrix material. There were very rare pycnotic cells in these samples. The rating scale has been used and the means of the total scores were determined for the groups. The effects of contrast agents reduced gradually on the cartilage and synovium in general but did not become completely normal in the observation period.

The Chinese journal of physiology, Jan 31, 2010

In the study, the effects of relatively high single-dose of Ochratoxin A (OTA) and the antioxidan... more In the study, the effects of relatively high single-dose of Ochratoxin A (OTA) and the antioxidant effects of Melatonin (Mel) and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on OTA-induced oxidative damages in rats were investigated. A total of 28 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of 7 rats each: Control, OTA, Mel+OTA and CoQ10+OTA groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the plasma and glutathione (GSH) levels in whole blood were measured; kidneys (for histological inspection and for apoptosis detection by TUNEL method) and bone marrow samples (for chromosome aberration and mitotic index) were taken. The rats in the OTA group showed limited degeneration of tubular cells. In some tubules karyomegaly, desquamated cells and vacuolization were observed by light microscopy. Mel and CoQ10 treatment significantly reduced the severity of the lesions. MDA levels of the OTA group were significantly higher than the control, OTA+Mel and OTA+CoQ10 groups, while GSH levels were significantly lower ...

Saudi medical journal, 2007

To evaluate the histological and ultrastructural alterations in rabbit knee joint cartilage and s... more To evaluate the histological and ultrastructural alterations in rabbit knee joint cartilage and synovia induced by intraarticular injections of 2 water soluble contrast agents. The study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical Faculty, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey in January 2002. To examine the effect of contrast agents on articular cartilage and synovial membrane, rabbit model was used. Specimens from 62 knee joints were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy one hour, one day, one week and 2 weeks after intraarticular administration of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, iopromide or saline. In the knees injected with saline, light microscopic changes of the synovium consisted of edema only. Edema and hyperemia were seen in contrast agent injected knees. Ultrastructurally, numerous and large pinocytotic vesicles in A cells of the synovial membrane were seen in contrast agent injected groups. In the...

Urologia internationalis, 1990

It is well known that infection-induced stones (apatite, struvite), uric acid and cystine calculi... more It is well known that infection-induced stones (apatite, struvite), uric acid and cystine calculi in the urinary tract can be managed by the use of certain chemical solutions. We investigated the effects of various acidic and alkaline solutions on the rabbit urothelium. Acidic solutions (pH: 4.2) caused more urothelial injury as compared to alkaline solutions (pH: 7.6). Ureteral injury was more severe than the bladder injury. Magnesium-containing solutions caused less injury to the urothelium.

Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2014

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) drugs are the most commonly used group of drugs today. Incr... more Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) drugs are the most commonly used group of drugs today. Increase in the use of standard NSAI for treating pain and inflammation was restricted by the fact that these drugs were proven to possibly cause gastrointestinal and renal toxicity. Meloxicam is a NSAI that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. This study aims to investigate the effects of meloxicam on stomach, kidney, and liver of rats under light microscopy level. Based on the light microscopic observations, mononuclear cell infiltration and pseudolobular formation was established in liver samples of animals in the experimental group. Metaplasia in surface and glandular epithelia and atrophy were observed in stomach samples. Glomerular stasis-related hypertrophy and focal interstitial nephritis were found in kidneys. It was concluded in this study that meloxicam might cause hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and gastric metaplasia in rats at a used dose and duration.