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Research paper thumbnail of The Success and Struggles of Physical Education Teachers While Teaching Online During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Teaching in Physical Education

The purpose of this study was to investigate physical education teachers’ perceptions of implemen... more The purpose of this study was to investigate physical education teachers’ perceptions of implementing online physical education during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as to explore their needs with regard to support for future teaching experiences. A total of 4,302 teachers completed four open-ended questions as part of a larger survey. Deductive and inductive qualitative analysis led to three themes: (a) Teachers’ Proud Moments, (b) Help! So Many Obstacles, and (c) Future Challenges. Teachers stated many successes and challenges that they experienced through the COVID-19 pandemic. Many items specifically focused on use and access to technology, student participation, and meeting students’ needs in various ways. Results can provide guidance for how to address the essential components of physical education in the online environment. In addition, results may provide insight to those who educate, train, and prepare teachers to teach in a virtual and/or physically distanced environment.

Research paper thumbnail of Dearborn SHINES During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Youth Experiences and Outcomes With Virtual Physical Activity and Healthy Eating Programming

Journal of Teaching in Physical Education

Purpose: This exploratory study evaluated how youth healthy eating (HE) and physical activity (PA... more Purpose: This exploratory study evaluated how youth healthy eating (HE) and physical activity (PA) behaviors could be influenced by a whole-of-school program, which was transformed to a virtual setting at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors investigated how students experienced programming and the role of students’ perceptions of parental support in their self-reported engagement in HE and PA. Methods: PA and HE curricula were provided across 15 schools over 12 weeks. Students (N = 879, Mage = 12.12 years, 63% female) completed a survey evaluating the value and perceptions around programmatic aspects as well as their self-reported engagement in HE and PA. Results: Multiple regression analyses revealed positive relationships between parental support for PA and student engagement, as well as positive relationships between students’ self-efficacy and HE behaviors. Conclusion: Findings indicate that students utilized virtual HE and PA programming and that parent support help...

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of a Comprehensive School Health Program on Elementary Student Academic Achievement

Research paper thumbnail of Dearborn SHINES: The Impact Of A Comprehensive School Health Intervention

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

Research paper thumbnail of Physical activity and motor skill outcomes of a 10-week intervention for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities ages 4 – 13: A pilot study

Disability and Health Journal

Research paper thumbnail of Differences of In-School Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity among Fourth Grade Urban Youth

International Journal of Kinesiology in Higher Education

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Content Specificity in Situational Interest and Physical Activity

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport

Research paper thumbnail of Reciprocal effects model of Children’s physical activity, physical self-concept, and enjoyment

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Research paper thumbnail of Dearborn SHINES For Healthy Kids: Understanding Physical Activity Among Arab American Students in Physical Education and the Impact of SPARK

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring Future Research in Physical Education: Espousing a Social Justice Perspective

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport

Research paper thumbnail of Drumming and dancing: creative movement for Convention refugee youth in a physical activity space

Sport, Education and Society

Convention refugees are individuals who have fled their home countries due to a substantiated fea... more Convention refugees are individuals who have fled their home countries due to a substantiated fear of persecution. As a consequence, many young Convention refugees are disconnected from their environment as they enter schools and communities and are often misunderstood in their new country due to cultural barriers. Given the universality of human movement, the physical activity setting can be an important space through which acculturation can be fostered. The purpose of this ethnographic study was to capture the nuances and experiences of 17 Convention refugees engaged in a community program. Significant moments, at the point of data saturation, were validated through observations, ethnographic interviews, artifacts and participant observations. The process of data analysis produced four themes: (a) embodied space (b) proxemics, (c) collective sharing (d) rhythm. Through triangulation, the appearances of creative movements were captured in tandem with rhythm, thus recording individual expressions within a collective space [Paulson, S. (2011). The use of ethnography and narrative interviews in a study of ‘cultures of dance’. Journal of health psychology, 16(1), 148–157]. The exploration of cultural and situational frames through drumming and movement can attempt to build an emotional bridge to support acculturation. Creative movement is a culturally relevant way to engage individuals in dialogue by asking them to tell us what they know to be moments of truth [Oliver, K. L. (1998). A journey into narrative analysis: A methodology for discovering meanings. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 17, 244–259]. This collective sharing lends itself to physical activity environments where there are opportunities to foster creativity, encourage intersectional identity, and support Convention refugee acculturation.

Research paper thumbnail of Considering Physical Well-Being, Self-perceptions, and Support Variables in Understanding Youth Academic Achievement

The Journal of Early Adolescence

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between measures of students’ physical well... more The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between measures of students’ physical well-being and self-perception and their academic achievement. Specifically, we look at students’ social support for physical activity, physical activity perceptions, self-concept, self-efficacy, health behaviors, and cardiorespiratory fitness (as measured by the progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run [PACER] test). Students ( n = 697 fifth graders) were surveyed at the beginning of the school year. A two-group path analysis revealed notable relationships between the predictor variables and proximal and distal outcomes, with some paths moderated by sex. One relationship that was significant for both sexes was cardiorespiratory fitness, as it was the only significant predictor of achievement. This effect was moderate to large for the female students ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]) and small to large for the male students ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]). These f...

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge, Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, and Healthy Eating Behavior Among Children: Results From the Building Healthy Communities Trial

Health Education & Behavior

Background/Aim. Increased knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about a topic and behavioral capabili... more Background/Aim. Increased knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about a topic and behavioral capability and self-efficacy for healthy eating are often a precursor to behavior change. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the multicomponent school-based program on children’s healthy eating knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy for healthy eating, and on their eating habits over time. Method. Quasi-experimental (4 treatment, 2 comparison) in a metropolitan area using a pretest–posttest method. Participants were 628 fifth-grade youth (377 treatment, 251 comparison) with a mean age of 9.9 years. The Building Healthy Communities (BHC) program is an 8-month school-wide healthy school transformation program and includes six main components. Outcome measures include children’s healthy eating knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavior. Missing data were imputed, confirmatory factor analysis tested scale factor structure, and path analysis determined a parsimonio...

Research paper thumbnail of Building healthy communities: A comprehensive school health program to prevent obesity in elementary schools

Preventive medicine, 2018

Obesity among children is highly prevalent and can lead to risk factors for chronic disease in ad... more Obesity among children is highly prevalent and can lead to risk factors for chronic disease in adulthood. Key organizations have called on schools to play a larger role by increasing children's physical activity and nutrition by adopting an overall culture of health. This study examined the impact of a socioecological theory driven school-wide nutrition and physical activity intervention on 5th graders' central adiposity and obesity level. In 2015-2016, in the Midwest region of U.S., four treatment and two control schools, including 628 (377 treatment) 5th grade children participated in an eight-month intervention. Children in the treatment schools participated in a comprehensive healthy school transformation program consisting of six components. Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and used as the measure of obesity. ANCOVA revealed a significant difference in WHtR among treatment and control groups at time two (T2) F(1,6148.14) = 4.43, p = ...

Research paper thumbnail of Professional Development as a Predictor of Implementation of a Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

Research paper thumbnail of Health Promotion Efforts as Predictors of Opportunities for Physical Activity

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

Research paper thumbnail of Environmental Characteristics Related to the Implementation of Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

Research paper thumbnail of The Have and Have Nots: An Ever-present Digital Divide

Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance

Did you know that approximately 26% of the U.S population belongs to "Gen Z" (Forbes, 2016)? Gen ... more Did you know that approximately 26% of the U.S population belongs to "Gen Z" (Forbes, 2016)? Gen Z'ers are youth that are born after 1998 and are recognized as the most ethnically diverse generation yet, with over 49% being non-white (Forbes, 2016). We all know that technology is a necessity in today's society, and this is apparent within Generation Z'ers as they do not know life without technology. We know as educators that using technology in the fields of physical and health education has long been encouraged. Numerous reasons indicating the importance of incorporating technology into teaching include: a) motivating students, b) enhancing instruction, and c) objectively assessing students (Lambert, 2016). Technology integration has even been included in the National K-12 physical education standards and guidelines from SHAPE America (S3.M4; S3.M8; S3.H2; S3.H10) suggesting that students should "engage in physical activity using technology" and "use technology to self-monitor health". This is in line with common practices of Gen Z'ers as it has been stated that technology and the Internet play a key role in Gen Z's health and wellness practices, with technology such as heart rate and activity monitors playing a vital role in their exercise participation and adherence (Forbes, 2016). Although a necessity in today's society, not all students have equal access to technology. Research indicates that the digital divide remains ever present, even though rapid advances in technology have been made. The digital divide refers to the perceived gap between those who have access to the most recent technologies and those who do not (Compaine, 2001). According to the Pew Research Center, only 67% of American households have broadband access with only 68% of American's owning smartphones, and 13% of these household's report being smart phone only

Research paper thumbnail of Building Healthy Communities

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship Between Health Risk and School Attendance Among Adolescents

American Journal of Health Education

Background/Purpose: The prevalence of childhood obesity and school truancy are contemporary healt... more Background/Purpose: The prevalence of childhood obesity and school truancy are contemporary health issues, as millions of children do not attend school, when required. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between intent to be physically active, aerobic fitness, and school absences. Methods. Data from 1907 adolescents from the United States were collected during physical education. Participants completed a valid theory of planned behavior survey and the FitnessGram©, with the demographic data obtained from school records. Linear regressions controlling for gender, grade, free/reduced lunch, body mass index, and intent to be physically active, were calculated. Results. Adolescents who had positive intentions to be physically active (p<.001), scored higher on the PACER test (p=.006), and ran faster in the mile (p<.001) had fewer unexcused absences compared with students who had a negative intentions and lower fitness. Discussion. Adolescents with higher aerobic fitness had fewer unexcused school absences, which suggests that cardiovascular health may be a valuable contributor in decreasing adolescent health and behavior risk specifically, truancy and out of school suspensions. Translation to Health Education Practice. Whole-of-school approaches that align physical activities and educational experiences, can help adolescents understand the benefits of physical fitness as a prevention strategy.

Research paper thumbnail of The Success and Struggles of Physical Education Teachers While Teaching Online During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Teaching in Physical Education

The purpose of this study was to investigate physical education teachers’ perceptions of implemen... more The purpose of this study was to investigate physical education teachers’ perceptions of implementing online physical education during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as to explore their needs with regard to support for future teaching experiences. A total of 4,302 teachers completed four open-ended questions as part of a larger survey. Deductive and inductive qualitative analysis led to three themes: (a) Teachers’ Proud Moments, (b) Help! So Many Obstacles, and (c) Future Challenges. Teachers stated many successes and challenges that they experienced through the COVID-19 pandemic. Many items specifically focused on use and access to technology, student participation, and meeting students’ needs in various ways. Results can provide guidance for how to address the essential components of physical education in the online environment. In addition, results may provide insight to those who educate, train, and prepare teachers to teach in a virtual and/or physically distanced environment.

Research paper thumbnail of Dearborn SHINES During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Youth Experiences and Outcomes With Virtual Physical Activity and Healthy Eating Programming

Journal of Teaching in Physical Education

Purpose: This exploratory study evaluated how youth healthy eating (HE) and physical activity (PA... more Purpose: This exploratory study evaluated how youth healthy eating (HE) and physical activity (PA) behaviors could be influenced by a whole-of-school program, which was transformed to a virtual setting at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors investigated how students experienced programming and the role of students’ perceptions of parental support in their self-reported engagement in HE and PA. Methods: PA and HE curricula were provided across 15 schools over 12 weeks. Students (N = 879, Mage = 12.12 years, 63% female) completed a survey evaluating the value and perceptions around programmatic aspects as well as their self-reported engagement in HE and PA. Results: Multiple regression analyses revealed positive relationships between parental support for PA and student engagement, as well as positive relationships between students’ self-efficacy and HE behaviors. Conclusion: Findings indicate that students utilized virtual HE and PA programming and that parent support help...

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of a Comprehensive School Health Program on Elementary Student Academic Achievement

Research paper thumbnail of Dearborn SHINES: The Impact Of A Comprehensive School Health Intervention

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

Research paper thumbnail of Physical activity and motor skill outcomes of a 10-week intervention for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities ages 4 – 13: A pilot study

Disability and Health Journal

Research paper thumbnail of Differences of In-School Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity among Fourth Grade Urban Youth

International Journal of Kinesiology in Higher Education

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Content Specificity in Situational Interest and Physical Activity

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport

Research paper thumbnail of Reciprocal effects model of Children’s physical activity, physical self-concept, and enjoyment

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Research paper thumbnail of Dearborn SHINES For Healthy Kids: Understanding Physical Activity Among Arab American Students in Physical Education and the Impact of SPARK

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring Future Research in Physical Education: Espousing a Social Justice Perspective

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport

Research paper thumbnail of Drumming and dancing: creative movement for Convention refugee youth in a physical activity space

Sport, Education and Society

Convention refugees are individuals who have fled their home countries due to a substantiated fea... more Convention refugees are individuals who have fled their home countries due to a substantiated fear of persecution. As a consequence, many young Convention refugees are disconnected from their environment as they enter schools and communities and are often misunderstood in their new country due to cultural barriers. Given the universality of human movement, the physical activity setting can be an important space through which acculturation can be fostered. The purpose of this ethnographic study was to capture the nuances and experiences of 17 Convention refugees engaged in a community program. Significant moments, at the point of data saturation, were validated through observations, ethnographic interviews, artifacts and participant observations. The process of data analysis produced four themes: (a) embodied space (b) proxemics, (c) collective sharing (d) rhythm. Through triangulation, the appearances of creative movements were captured in tandem with rhythm, thus recording individual expressions within a collective space [Paulson, S. (2011). The use of ethnography and narrative interviews in a study of ‘cultures of dance’. Journal of health psychology, 16(1), 148–157]. The exploration of cultural and situational frames through drumming and movement can attempt to build an emotional bridge to support acculturation. Creative movement is a culturally relevant way to engage individuals in dialogue by asking them to tell us what they know to be moments of truth [Oliver, K. L. (1998). A journey into narrative analysis: A methodology for discovering meanings. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 17, 244–259]. This collective sharing lends itself to physical activity environments where there are opportunities to foster creativity, encourage intersectional identity, and support Convention refugee acculturation.

Research paper thumbnail of Considering Physical Well-Being, Self-perceptions, and Support Variables in Understanding Youth Academic Achievement

The Journal of Early Adolescence

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between measures of students’ physical well... more The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between measures of students’ physical well-being and self-perception and their academic achievement. Specifically, we look at students’ social support for physical activity, physical activity perceptions, self-concept, self-efficacy, health behaviors, and cardiorespiratory fitness (as measured by the progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run [PACER] test). Students ( n = 697 fifth graders) were surveyed at the beginning of the school year. A two-group path analysis revealed notable relationships between the predictor variables and proximal and distal outcomes, with some paths moderated by sex. One relationship that was significant for both sexes was cardiorespiratory fitness, as it was the only significant predictor of achievement. This effect was moderate to large for the female students ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]) and small to large for the male students ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]). These f...

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge, Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, and Healthy Eating Behavior Among Children: Results From the Building Healthy Communities Trial

Health Education & Behavior

Background/Aim. Increased knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about a topic and behavioral capabili... more Background/Aim. Increased knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about a topic and behavioral capability and self-efficacy for healthy eating are often a precursor to behavior change. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the multicomponent school-based program on children’s healthy eating knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy for healthy eating, and on their eating habits over time. Method. Quasi-experimental (4 treatment, 2 comparison) in a metropolitan area using a pretest–posttest method. Participants were 628 fifth-grade youth (377 treatment, 251 comparison) with a mean age of 9.9 years. The Building Healthy Communities (BHC) program is an 8-month school-wide healthy school transformation program and includes six main components. Outcome measures include children’s healthy eating knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavior. Missing data were imputed, confirmatory factor analysis tested scale factor structure, and path analysis determined a parsimonio...

Research paper thumbnail of Building healthy communities: A comprehensive school health program to prevent obesity in elementary schools

Preventive medicine, 2018

Obesity among children is highly prevalent and can lead to risk factors for chronic disease in ad... more Obesity among children is highly prevalent and can lead to risk factors for chronic disease in adulthood. Key organizations have called on schools to play a larger role by increasing children's physical activity and nutrition by adopting an overall culture of health. This study examined the impact of a socioecological theory driven school-wide nutrition and physical activity intervention on 5th graders' central adiposity and obesity level. In 2015-2016, in the Midwest region of U.S., four treatment and two control schools, including 628 (377 treatment) 5th grade children participated in an eight-month intervention. Children in the treatment schools participated in a comprehensive healthy school transformation program consisting of six components. Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and used as the measure of obesity. ANCOVA revealed a significant difference in WHtR among treatment and control groups at time two (T2) F(1,6148.14) = 4.43, p = ...

Research paper thumbnail of Professional Development as a Predictor of Implementation of a Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

Research paper thumbnail of Health Promotion Efforts as Predictors of Opportunities for Physical Activity

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

Research paper thumbnail of Environmental Characteristics Related to the Implementation of Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

Research paper thumbnail of The Have and Have Nots: An Ever-present Digital Divide

Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance

Did you know that approximately 26% of the U.S population belongs to "Gen Z" (Forbes, 2016)? Gen ... more Did you know that approximately 26% of the U.S population belongs to "Gen Z" (Forbes, 2016)? Gen Z'ers are youth that are born after 1998 and are recognized as the most ethnically diverse generation yet, with over 49% being non-white (Forbes, 2016). We all know that technology is a necessity in today's society, and this is apparent within Generation Z'ers as they do not know life without technology. We know as educators that using technology in the fields of physical and health education has long been encouraged. Numerous reasons indicating the importance of incorporating technology into teaching include: a) motivating students, b) enhancing instruction, and c) objectively assessing students (Lambert, 2016). Technology integration has even been included in the National K-12 physical education standards and guidelines from SHAPE America (S3.M4; S3.M8; S3.H2; S3.H10) suggesting that students should "engage in physical activity using technology" and "use technology to self-monitor health". This is in line with common practices of Gen Z'ers as it has been stated that technology and the Internet play a key role in Gen Z's health and wellness practices, with technology such as heart rate and activity monitors playing a vital role in their exercise participation and adherence (Forbes, 2016). Although a necessity in today's society, not all students have equal access to technology. Research indicates that the digital divide remains ever present, even though rapid advances in technology have been made. The digital divide refers to the perceived gap between those who have access to the most recent technologies and those who do not (Compaine, 2001). According to the Pew Research Center, only 67% of American households have broadband access with only 68% of American's owning smartphones, and 13% of these household's report being smart phone only

Research paper thumbnail of Building Healthy Communities

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship Between Health Risk and School Attendance Among Adolescents

American Journal of Health Education

Background/Purpose: The prevalence of childhood obesity and school truancy are contemporary healt... more Background/Purpose: The prevalence of childhood obesity and school truancy are contemporary health issues, as millions of children do not attend school, when required. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between intent to be physically active, aerobic fitness, and school absences. Methods. Data from 1907 adolescents from the United States were collected during physical education. Participants completed a valid theory of planned behavior survey and the FitnessGram©, with the demographic data obtained from school records. Linear regressions controlling for gender, grade, free/reduced lunch, body mass index, and intent to be physically active, were calculated. Results. Adolescents who had positive intentions to be physically active (p<.001), scored higher on the PACER test (p=.006), and ran faster in the mile (p<.001) had fewer unexcused absences compared with students who had a negative intentions and lower fitness. Discussion. Adolescents with higher aerobic fitness had fewer unexcused school absences, which suggests that cardiovascular health may be a valuable contributor in decreasing adolescent health and behavior risk specifically, truancy and out of school suspensions. Translation to Health Education Practice. Whole-of-school approaches that align physical activities and educational experiences, can help adolescents understand the benefits of physical fitness as a prevention strategy.

Research paper thumbnail of Drumming and dancing: Creative Movement for Convention refugee youth in a physical activity space

Sport, Education and Society, 2019

Convention refugees are individuals who have fled their home countries due to a substantiated fea... more Convention refugees are individuals who have fled their home countries due to a substantiated fear of persecution. As a consequence, many young Convention refugees are disconnected from their environment as they enter schools and communities and are often misunderstood in their new country due to cultural barriers. Given the universality of human movement, the physical activity setting can be an important space through which acculturation can be fostered.

The purpose of this ethnographic study was to capture the nuances and experiences of 17 Convention refugees engaged in a community program. Significant moments, at the point of data saturation, were validated through observations, ethnographic interviews, artifacts and participant observations.

The process of data analysis produced four themes: (a) embodied space (b) proxemics, (c) collective sharing (d) rhythm. Through triangulation, the appearances of creative movements were captured in tandem with rhythm, thus recording individual expressions within a collective space [Paulson, S. (2011). The use of ethnography and narrative interviews in a study of ‘cultures of dance’. Journal of health psychology, 16(1), 148–157].

The exploration of cultural and situational frames through drumming and movement can attempt to build an emotional bridge to support acculturation. Creative movement is a culturally relevant way to engage individuals in dialogue by asking them to tell us what they know to be moments of truth [Oliver, K. L. (1998). A journey into narrative analysis: A methodology for discovering meanings. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 17, 244–259]. This collective sharing lends itself to physical activity environments where there are opportunities to foster creativity, encourage intersectional identity, and support Convention refugee acculturation.