Massimo Ceraolo - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Massimo Ceraolo

2017 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe)

The paper shows the typical architecture of a 2×25 kV–50 Hz traction system, and the details that... more The paper shows the typical architecture of a 2×25 kV–50 Hz traction system, and the details that need to be considered and approximations that can safely be done, for power frequency studies. Power frequency models are important to allow simulations of long timespans, such as those needed when evaluation of trains acceleration/braking, for instance to analyse active and reactive power flows, voltages and currents. The proposed models are implemented in two ways: as data to be inputted to the well-known ATP Program, and as specific models written in the standard Modelica language. The latter can be virtually used for simulations using any of the available Modelica-capable simulation tools; moreover, the power of Modelica allows flexibility, expandability, scalability. A comparison between the two tools is proposed.

Energies

Lithium batteries for energy storage systems are a prominent solution for both stationary and mob... more Lithium batteries for energy storage systems are a prominent solution for both stationary and mobile applications. Electro-thermal modelling of the cell is a useful tool for monitoring voltage and temperature in order to predict battery behaviour especially in cases of critical operative conditions. This paper provides a modelling approach focusing on the calibration of parameters of an electro-thermal model for large prismatic LFP lithium cells. The designed model is tuned by means of experimental tests that identify a set of parameters that are function of a cell’s state-of-charge and temperature. The model outputs are voltage, cell surface, and internal temperature profiles, which are validated against experimental data referring to realistic working conditions, even providing an intense level of thermal stress. The model accuracy is marked by a voltage mean average error lower than 1% and a mean cell surface temperature deviation lower than 1 K.

2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe)

Aging of batteries is one the most significant aspects to be considered, when engaged in stationa... more Aging of batteries is one the most significant aspects to be considered, when engaged in stationary or mobile applications. With reference to a project currently in progress, based on an accurate analysis of fast charging operations, some experimental tests have been carried out on an LFP lithium cell, to analyze its aging over time, when subjected to different solicitations of power requested. Additionally, several aging indicators have been defined, measured and analyzed, to be compared each other and to verify their correlation with the cell aging levels. Preliminary results show that part of these indicators can correctly be used as good cell aging predictors, giving a unique aging trend.

2020 55th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)

Nowadays lithium batteries very often are considered the best choice, both for stationary and mob... more Nowadays lithium batteries very often are considered the best choice, both for stationary and mobile applications. However, their cost remains higher than some other technologies, despite a significant decline in the last years. Additionally, for safety reasons accurate thermal management is needed, not to exceed the maximum allowed temperature. It is therefore of interest to evaluate alternative technologies. This paper shows the results of the evaluation made of a Ni-MH high-power cell, used into a funded project aimed to develop innovative solutions for automated warehouses. This cell was accurately analysed and compared with one of the most performing lithium cells on the market, showing good results.

Fundamentals of Electric Power Engineering, 2014

This chapter presents an understanding of how low-voltage electrical installations are structured... more This chapter presents an understanding of how low-voltage electrical installations are structured and how to determine the required sizes of cables and circuit breakers. It develops a theory and supply numerical tables to facilitate the explanation of simple examples. In electrical installation, electricity is generally taken from the public distribution network. A good electrical installation also needs to have all its parts operating together, in order to perform the function they are designed for??-??that is, supplying its loads safely and reliably. The chapter presents a description of the individual objects, looks at some details of the function of overcurrent protection, which means that looks simultaneously at electricity source, distribution lines, and protection devices.

2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT), 2020

The 2times252 \times 252times25 kV railway systems are multi-engineering systems which involve many simulation ... more The 2times252 \times 252times25 kV railway systems are multi-engineering systems which involve many simulation issues. They require appropriate modelling and simulation tools to solve these issues and accurately reflect characteristic changes during system operation. This paper analyses the AC railway systems characteristics and several hypotheses that are proposed to simplify these simulation issues. After that, the systems simulation models are built by utilisation of two different cyber-physical modelling and simulation tools: Modelica and Matlab-Simscape. The respective characteristics of these two tools are compared in this paper as well. The results show that the two different tools have the nearly equivalent accuracy, and Modelica is more flexible and easier to use.

J. of Electrical Engineering, 2017

Energies, 2021

Degradation mechanism of batteries has to be carefully studied when considering their utilization... more Degradation mechanism of batteries has to be carefully studied when considering their utilization in electrical power systems. This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental campaign, through which three different lithium–iron–phosphate (LFP) cells were subjected to different electrical cycling stresses. The purpose of the campaign was to evaluate the cells’ aging, as well as to try to find parameters on the cell behavior before its end of life, able to act as state-of-life (SOL) (or aging) indicators. The considered stress consists of the cyclic repetition of fixed-duration discharge steps, followed by full charge phases. The three cells under study were subjected to the very same stress pattern but with three different discharge and charge power levels: low, medium, and high. The results showed that the end-of-discharge voltage and the cell internal resistance can be used as good SOL indicators. However, both are significant functions of the cell conditions, such as ...

2018 AEIT International Annual Conference, 2018

At the basis of many sectors of engineering, electrical engineering deals with electricity phenom... more At the basis of many sectors of engineering, electrical engineering deals with electricity phenomena involved in the transfer of energy and power. Professionals requiring a refresher course in this interdisciplinary branch need look no further than Fundamentals of Electric Power Engineering, which imparts tools and trade tricks to remembering basic concepts and grasping new developments. Even established engineers must supplement their careers with an invigorated knowledge base, and this comprehensive resource helps non-electrical engineers amass power system information quickly

The synchronous machine is a three-phase machine, able to exchange power with a three-phase netwo... more The synchronous machine is a three-phase machine, able to exchange power with a three-phase network. Although it can also operate as a motor (absorbing electric energy) in the majority of applications, it is used as a generator (delivering electric energy). The vast majority of power stations generate electricity in three-phase form, using synchronous machines. Synchronous machines used in power stations, therefore, not only generate active power for the loads, but also contribute to supplying the loads with the needed reactive power. In a synchronous machine rotor, therefore, the insertion of permanent magnets (PMs) can have the same effect as a DC-fed coil with a fixed current flowing in it. In recent years, electronic devices have appeared that are able to convert constant frequency sources into variable frequency, thus allowing modification of voltage and frequency characteristics of a three-phase source.

2019 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2019 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe), 2019

In the last years, many papers already addressed the analysis of techniques for optimizing energy... more In the last years, many papers already addressed the analysis of techniques for optimizing energy management on-board hybrid vehicles. However, the large majority of them focused on detailed analyses for specific architectures, suggesting algorithms valid only for them. This paper, on the contrary, performs a basic analysis and tries to find general rules, adequate for a large variety of hybrid vehicles. In particular, strategies to minimize fuel consumption using ON/OFF technique to manage the ICE have been analysed, investigating whether these last are effectively useful, considering also the costs associated to each engine start-up. At the end, some practical case studies have been considered, to verify the validity of the general proposed approach.

2021 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC), 2021

This paper analyses the possibility to black-start a remote area using an existing Line Commutate... more This paper analyses the possibility to black-start a remote area using an existing Line Commutated Converter HVDC link.To do this, a relatively small size Voltage Sourced Converter must be installed at the link receiving-end. The black start takes place using the existing receiving end network and line commutated converters, and the DC line. The paper shows that the black start operation can take place fast and effectively.

Journal of Energy Storage, 2020

IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2018

Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2019

Electrified guided vehicles typically face routes having a large number of acceleration and braki... more Electrified guided vehicles typically face routes having a large number of acceleration and braking phases. The braking energy, since the feeding line presents nonreversible electrical feeding substations, can be recovered in the presence of other nearby vehicles. To improve braking energy recovery, one or more storage systems can be positioned along the track. Analysis of effectiveness for the considered solution requires time-domain simulation models, to be created through suitable simulation general-purpose languages or specialised languages/software. In this paper, three different tools for the considered existing tramway were developed, and the main examined characteristics have been compared to each other. Then, analysis of output results was also performed, demonstrating the real cost-effectiveness of introducing one storage device on the considered tramline in operation.

Journal of Energy Storage, 2018

Journal of Energy Storage, 2017

2017 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe)

The paper shows the typical architecture of a 2×25 kV–50 Hz traction system, and the details that... more The paper shows the typical architecture of a 2×25 kV–50 Hz traction system, and the details that need to be considered and approximations that can safely be done, for power frequency studies. Power frequency models are important to allow simulations of long timespans, such as those needed when evaluation of trains acceleration/braking, for instance to analyse active and reactive power flows, voltages and currents. The proposed models are implemented in two ways: as data to be inputted to the well-known ATP Program, and as specific models written in the standard Modelica language. The latter can be virtually used for simulations using any of the available Modelica-capable simulation tools; moreover, the power of Modelica allows flexibility, expandability, scalability. A comparison between the two tools is proposed.

Energies

Lithium batteries for energy storage systems are a prominent solution for both stationary and mob... more Lithium batteries for energy storage systems are a prominent solution for both stationary and mobile applications. Electro-thermal modelling of the cell is a useful tool for monitoring voltage and temperature in order to predict battery behaviour especially in cases of critical operative conditions. This paper provides a modelling approach focusing on the calibration of parameters of an electro-thermal model for large prismatic LFP lithium cells. The designed model is tuned by means of experimental tests that identify a set of parameters that are function of a cell’s state-of-charge and temperature. The model outputs are voltage, cell surface, and internal temperature profiles, which are validated against experimental data referring to realistic working conditions, even providing an intense level of thermal stress. The model accuracy is marked by a voltage mean average error lower than 1% and a mean cell surface temperature deviation lower than 1 K.

2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe)

Aging of batteries is one the most significant aspects to be considered, when engaged in stationa... more Aging of batteries is one the most significant aspects to be considered, when engaged in stationary or mobile applications. With reference to a project currently in progress, based on an accurate analysis of fast charging operations, some experimental tests have been carried out on an LFP lithium cell, to analyze its aging over time, when subjected to different solicitations of power requested. Additionally, several aging indicators have been defined, measured and analyzed, to be compared each other and to verify their correlation with the cell aging levels. Preliminary results show that part of these indicators can correctly be used as good cell aging predictors, giving a unique aging trend.

2020 55th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)

Nowadays lithium batteries very often are considered the best choice, both for stationary and mob... more Nowadays lithium batteries very often are considered the best choice, both for stationary and mobile applications. However, their cost remains higher than some other technologies, despite a significant decline in the last years. Additionally, for safety reasons accurate thermal management is needed, not to exceed the maximum allowed temperature. It is therefore of interest to evaluate alternative technologies. This paper shows the results of the evaluation made of a Ni-MH high-power cell, used into a funded project aimed to develop innovative solutions for automated warehouses. This cell was accurately analysed and compared with one of the most performing lithium cells on the market, showing good results.

Fundamentals of Electric Power Engineering, 2014

This chapter presents an understanding of how low-voltage electrical installations are structured... more This chapter presents an understanding of how low-voltage electrical installations are structured and how to determine the required sizes of cables and circuit breakers. It develops a theory and supply numerical tables to facilitate the explanation of simple examples. In electrical installation, electricity is generally taken from the public distribution network. A good electrical installation also needs to have all its parts operating together, in order to perform the function they are designed for??-??that is, supplying its loads safely and reliably. The chapter presents a description of the individual objects, looks at some details of the function of overcurrent protection, which means that looks simultaneously at electricity source, distribution lines, and protection devices.

2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT), 2020

The 2times252 \times 252times25 kV railway systems are multi-engineering systems which involve many simulation ... more The 2times252 \times 252times25 kV railway systems are multi-engineering systems which involve many simulation issues. They require appropriate modelling and simulation tools to solve these issues and accurately reflect characteristic changes during system operation. This paper analyses the AC railway systems characteristics and several hypotheses that are proposed to simplify these simulation issues. After that, the systems simulation models are built by utilisation of two different cyber-physical modelling and simulation tools: Modelica and Matlab-Simscape. The respective characteristics of these two tools are compared in this paper as well. The results show that the two different tools have the nearly equivalent accuracy, and Modelica is more flexible and easier to use.

J. of Electrical Engineering, 2017

Energies, 2021

Degradation mechanism of batteries has to be carefully studied when considering their utilization... more Degradation mechanism of batteries has to be carefully studied when considering their utilization in electrical power systems. This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental campaign, through which three different lithium–iron–phosphate (LFP) cells were subjected to different electrical cycling stresses. The purpose of the campaign was to evaluate the cells’ aging, as well as to try to find parameters on the cell behavior before its end of life, able to act as state-of-life (SOL) (or aging) indicators. The considered stress consists of the cyclic repetition of fixed-duration discharge steps, followed by full charge phases. The three cells under study were subjected to the very same stress pattern but with three different discharge and charge power levels: low, medium, and high. The results showed that the end-of-discharge voltage and the cell internal resistance can be used as good SOL indicators. However, both are significant functions of the cell conditions, such as ...

2018 AEIT International Annual Conference, 2018

At the basis of many sectors of engineering, electrical engineering deals with electricity phenom... more At the basis of many sectors of engineering, electrical engineering deals with electricity phenomena involved in the transfer of energy and power. Professionals requiring a refresher course in this interdisciplinary branch need look no further than Fundamentals of Electric Power Engineering, which imparts tools and trade tricks to remembering basic concepts and grasping new developments. Even established engineers must supplement their careers with an invigorated knowledge base, and this comprehensive resource helps non-electrical engineers amass power system information quickly

The synchronous machine is a three-phase machine, able to exchange power with a three-phase netwo... more The synchronous machine is a three-phase machine, able to exchange power with a three-phase network. Although it can also operate as a motor (absorbing electric energy) in the majority of applications, it is used as a generator (delivering electric energy). The vast majority of power stations generate electricity in three-phase form, using synchronous machines. Synchronous machines used in power stations, therefore, not only generate active power for the loads, but also contribute to supplying the loads with the needed reactive power. In a synchronous machine rotor, therefore, the insertion of permanent magnets (PMs) can have the same effect as a DC-fed coil with a fixed current flowing in it. In recent years, electronic devices have appeared that are able to convert constant frequency sources into variable frequency, thus allowing modification of voltage and frequency characteristics of a three-phase source.

2019 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2019 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe), 2019

In the last years, many papers already addressed the analysis of techniques for optimizing energy... more In the last years, many papers already addressed the analysis of techniques for optimizing energy management on-board hybrid vehicles. However, the large majority of them focused on detailed analyses for specific architectures, suggesting algorithms valid only for them. This paper, on the contrary, performs a basic analysis and tries to find general rules, adequate for a large variety of hybrid vehicles. In particular, strategies to minimize fuel consumption using ON/OFF technique to manage the ICE have been analysed, investigating whether these last are effectively useful, considering also the costs associated to each engine start-up. At the end, some practical case studies have been considered, to verify the validity of the general proposed approach.

2021 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC), 2021

This paper analyses the possibility to black-start a remote area using an existing Line Commutate... more This paper analyses the possibility to black-start a remote area using an existing Line Commutated Converter HVDC link.To do this, a relatively small size Voltage Sourced Converter must be installed at the link receiving-end. The black start takes place using the existing receiving end network and line commutated converters, and the DC line. The paper shows that the black start operation can take place fast and effectively.

Journal of Energy Storage, 2020

IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2018

Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2019

Electrified guided vehicles typically face routes having a large number of acceleration and braki... more Electrified guided vehicles typically face routes having a large number of acceleration and braking phases. The braking energy, since the feeding line presents nonreversible electrical feeding substations, can be recovered in the presence of other nearby vehicles. To improve braking energy recovery, one or more storage systems can be positioned along the track. Analysis of effectiveness for the considered solution requires time-domain simulation models, to be created through suitable simulation general-purpose languages or specialised languages/software. In this paper, three different tools for the considered existing tramway were developed, and the main examined characteristics have been compared to each other. Then, analysis of output results was also performed, demonstrating the real cost-effectiveness of introducing one storage device on the considered tramline in operation.

Journal of Energy Storage, 2018

Journal of Energy Storage, 2017