Cesar Cavinato Cal Abad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Cesar Cavinato Cal Abad

International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2014

… da Educação Física/ …, 2008

O objetivo desse estudo foi obter evidências iniciais de validade da utilização do teste de corri... more O objetivo desse estudo foi obter evidências iniciais de validade da utilização do teste de corrida de 20min (T20), como aproximação do Limiar Anaeróbio (LAn), em jovens jogadores de futebol; 28 atletas (13,5 ± 0,3 anos; 58 + 12 kg; 166 + 0,11 cm) de nível nacional realizaram um teste máximo de 20 min (velocidade mais constante possível), com a determinação da distância percorrida (3965 + 415 m), velocidade média (11,84 + 1,24 Km.h -1 ) freqüência cardíaca final (181 + 9 bpm) (n=14), e concentrações de lactato [la] (2,52 + 0,90 mmol.L -1 ). Apesar de variações individuais, a média de [la] encontrada é similar à sugerida na literatura como referência fixa no LAn (2,5 mmol.L -1 ) em crianças e adolescentes (WILLIAMS; ARMSTRONG, 1991). Dentro das limitações deste estudo, o T20 parece ser uma alternativa para a aproximação do LAn. Palavras-chave: Evidências de validade. Teste de 20 minutos. Limiar anaeróbio. Jovens jogadores de futebol. 1 Trabalho parcialmente desenvolvido no LADESP/USP, e concluído no

The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, Jan 4, 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of four weeks of training cessation (TC) on ... more The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of four weeks of training cessation (TC) on specific endurance performance, resting and post-exercise heart rate variability (HRV) and neuromuscular capacities of high-level endurance runners. Eighteen endurance runners, 8 men and 10 women (25.5 ± 7.5 years; 166.9 ± 7.6 cm; 54.2 ± 6.9 kg), took part in this study. The 3000 m time trial performance, resting HRV, 5'-5' test, squat and countermovement jumps (SJ and CMJ, respectively) and mean propulsive power in the jump squat exercise relative to body mass (MPP JS REL) were performed pre and immediately following the 4-week TC. The inference based on magnitudes were used to analyze the differences between pre and post values. The time in the 3000 m time-trial was almost certainly higher after TC. A very likely decrease was noticed in the resting HRV index after the TC period. The differences in all variables analysed during the 5'-5' test were rated as unclear. No di...

Journal of Athletic Enhancement, 2015

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 2015

To describe the heart rate variability (HRV) of high-level sprinters in both the supine and stand... more To describe the heart rate variability (HRV) of high-level sprinters in both the supine and standing positions, the HRV of 7 male (24 ± 6 years; 80 ± 8 kg and 182 ± 7 cm) and 11 female (27 ± 5 years; 61 ± 4 kg; 167 ± 5 cm) high-level Brazilian sprinters was measured in the standing and supine body positions in both the time and frequency domains. The heart rate (HR) and the time (SDNN, RMSSD) and frequency (LF; HF and LF:HF) domains of the HRV were assessed. Natural log-transformations (ln) of all HRV indices were log-transformed prior to analysis to reduce bias arising from non-uniformity of error. The Cohen's effect size and magnitude-based inference (MBI) were obtained for comparisons. The results suggest higher cardiac autonomic stress in the standing position than in the supine for both genders. With the exception of the lnSDNN that showed possibly MBI in female athletes, all other HRV indices presented a likely or almost certainly MBI. Male athletes demonstrated a higher lnSDNN in the supine body position (very likely MBI) and a higher HR in the standing position (very likely MBI) than females. In conclusion, elite sprinters (independent of the gender) present lower HRV in the standing position than in the supine position, but males present a more notable change in cardiac autonomic stress than female athletes.

Educacao Fisica Em Revista, Sep 18, 2011

... Ademir Manuel do Nascimento* Daniela Cristina Sester* Cleberson Nierotka* João Fernando Brink... more ... Ademir Manuel do Nascimento* Daniela Cristina Sester* Cleberson Nierotka* João Fernando Brinkmann dos Santos* Leandro dos Santos Afonso* Eduardo Marcel Fernandes do Nascimento* Flávio ... A partir desta afirmação, considerando que nosso trabalho demonstra forte ...

Rbpfex Revista Brasileira De Prescricao E Fisiologia Do Exercicio, Dec 31, 2011

ISSN 1981-9900 versão eletrônica P e r i ó d i c o do I n s t i t u t o B r a s i l e i r o d e P... more ISSN 1981-9900 versão eletrônica P e r i ó d i c o do I n s t i t u t o B r a s i l e i r o d e P e sq u i s a e E n si n o e m F i s i o l o gi a do E x e r c í c i o w w w . i b p e f e x . c o m . b r / w w w . r b p f e x . c o m . b r EFEITOS

Revista Mackenzie De Educacao Fisica E Esporte, Aug 11, 2009

Sao Paulo Medical Journal, 2015

This study aimed to evaluate different mathematical post-analysis methods of determining lactate ... more This study aimed to evaluate different mathematical post-analysis methods of determining lactate threshold in highly and lowly trained endurance runners. Experimental laboratory study, in a tertiary-level public university hospital. Twenty-seven male endurance runners were divided into two training load groups: lowly trained (frequency < 4 times per week, < 6 consecutive months, training velocity ≥ 5.0 min/km) and highly trained (frequency ≥ 4 times per week, ≥ 6 consecutive months, training velocity < 5.0 min/km). The subjects performed an incremental treadmill protocol, with 1 km/h increases at each subsequent 4-minute stage. -Fingerprint -blood-lactate analysis was performed at the end of each stage. The lactate threshold (i.e. the running velocity at which blood lactate levels began to exponentially increase) was measured using three different methods: increase in blood lactate of 1 mmol/l at stages (DT1), absolute 4 mmol/l blood lactate concentration (4 mmol), and the semi-log method (semi-log). ANOVA was used to compare different lactate threshold methods and training groups. Highly trained athletes showed significantly greater lactate thresholds than lowly trained runners, regardless of the calculation method used. When all the subject data were combined, DT1 and semi-log were not different, while 4 mmol was significantly lower than the other two methods. These same trends were observed when comparing lactate threshold methods in the lowly trained group. However, 4 mmol was only significantly lower than DT1 in the highly trained group. The 4 mmol protocol did not show lactate threshold measurements comparable with DT1 and semi-log protocols among lowly trained athletes.

PLOS ONE, 2015

The jump squat is one of the exercises most frequently used to improve lower body power productio... more The jump squat is one of the exercises most frequently used to improve lower body power production, which influences sports performance. However, the traditional determination of the specific workload at which power production is maximized (i.e., optimum power load) is time-consuming and requires one-repetition maximum tests. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify whether elite athletes from different sports would produce maximum mean propulsive power values at a narrow range of mean propulsive velocities, resulting in similar jump heights. One hundred and nine elite athletes from several individual/team sport disciplines underwent repetitions at maximal velocity with progressive loads, starting at 40% of their body mass with increments of 10% to determine the individual optimum power zone. Results indicated that regardless of sport discipline, the athletes' optimum mean propulsive power was achieved at a mean propulsive velocity close to 1.0 m.s(-1) (1.01 ± 0.07 m.s(-1)) and at a jump height close to 20 cm (20.47 ± 1.42 cm). Data were narrowly scattered around these values. Therefore, jump squat optimum power load can be determined simply by means of mean propulsive velocity or jump height determination in training/testing settings, allowing it to be implemented quickly in strength/power training.

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2015

The aim of this study was to determine whether athletes from different sports disciplines present... more The aim of this study was to determine whether athletes from different sports disciplines present similar mean propulsive velocity (MPV) in the half-squat (HS) during submaximal and maximal tests, enabling prediction of 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) from MPV at any given submaximal load. Sixty-four male athletes, comprising American football, rugby and soccer players, sprinters and jumpers, and combat sports strikers, attended two testing sessions separated by 2-4 weeks. On the first visit, a standardized 1-RM test was performed. On the second visit, athletes performed HS on the Smith-machine equipment, using relative percentages of 1-RM in order to determine the respective MPV of submaximal and maximal loads. Linear regression established the relationship between MPV and percentage of 1-RM. A very strong linear relationship (R2 ≈ 0.96) was observed between the MPV and the percentages of HS 1-RM, resulting in the following equation: % of HS 1-RM = -105.05 · MPV + 131.75. The MPV at HS 1-RM was ≈ 0.3 m·s-1. This equation can be used to predict the HS 1-RM on the Smith-machine equipment with a high degree of accuracy.

Journal of sports sciences, Jan 21, 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding vertical/horizontal plyometrics to... more The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding vertical/horizontal plyometrics to the soccer training routine on jumping and sprinting performance in U-20 soccer players. The vertical jumping group (VJG) performed countermovement jumps (CMJ), while the horizontal jumping group (HJG) executed horizontal jumps (HJ). Training interventions comprised 11 sessions, with volume varying between 32 and 60 jumps per session. The analysis of covariance revealed that CMJ height and peak force improved only in the VJG, and that HJ distance and peak force improved in both groups. Velocity in 20 m (VEL 20 m) did not improve in either group; however, velocity in 10 m (VEL 10 m) presented a moderate positive effect size (ES = 0.66) in the HJG, while the ES was large (1.63) for improvement in the 10-20 m acceleration in the VJG, and it was largely negative (-1.09) in the HJG. The transference effect coefficients (calculated by the equation: TEC = result gain (ES) in untrained exercise...

The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review current knowledge on exercise physiology and s... more Objective: The purpose of this study was to review current knowledge on exercise physiology and sports training that can be applied to develop training programs for Mixed Martial Arts. Methods: A non-systematic literature review was conducted to search for articles related to history, physiology and training of Mixed Martial Arts and other Martial Arts such as Judo, Wrestling, Jiu-Jitsu, and Karate. A review on aerobic, anaerobic, strength and power training was also conducted and directly related to Mixed Martial Arts training. Results: There is scarce scientific information about training methods and physiological responses to specific efforts in Mixed Martial Arts. Many studies were reviewed and meaningful information on physiology and training were summarized for application in Mixed Martial Arts. Conclusion:

Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte

To analyze the effects of detraining on body composition and vertical jump and speed ability, twe... more To analyze the effects of detraining on body composition and vertical jump and speed ability, twenty-two under-17 soccer players (16.4±0.4 years; 70.0±7.1kg; 175.9±6.9cm) were submitted to the following assessments; anthropometric; countermovement (CMJ) and squat jumps (SJ); and linear speed, before and after two weeks of detraining. Significant increase in body fat (p <0.001) and, although the reduction in speed was not significant (p> 0.05), an increase of 2.24% in the 0-5m time (ES = 0.78) and 0.97% in the 0-20m time (ES = 0.41). In addition, there was an upward trend in the SJ (p = 0.056). Two weeks of detraining resulted in significant alterations to the body composition and in speed performance (from 0 to 5m) of young elite soccer players.

The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness

Sports Biomechanics, 2015

Tensiomyography has been suggested as an indirect marker of muscle stiffness, which is associated... more Tensiomyography has been suggested as an indirect marker of muscle stiffness, which is associated with strength/power performance. Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest that tensiomyography parameters could be associated with power-related motor tasks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between tensiomyography parameters (from rectus and biceps femoris) and jumping and sprinting abilities in elite soccer players. In addition, we used tensiomyography parameters to compare the lateral symmetry between dominant and non-dominant legs. Twenty elite soccer players (age: 23.3 ± 4.8 years; height: 183.5 ± 6.6 cm; weight: 77.8 ± 7.5 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. Significant moderate negative correlations between biceps femoris displacement and contact time (r = -0.5, p = 0.03), rectus femoris displacement and contact time (r = -0.51, p = 0.02), and a significant moderate correlation between biceps femoris displacement and reactive strength index (r = 0.5, p = 0.03) were found. There were no correlations between tensiomyography parameters and power-related motor tasks. In addition, no differences in tensiomyography parameters between dominant and non-dominant legs were found. Our data suggest that tensiomyography parameters are not associated with power-related motor tasks performance in elite soccer players.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2015

This study investigated the relationship between punching impact and selected 33 strength and pow... more This study investigated the relationship between punching impact and selected 33 strength and power variables in 15 amateur boxers from the Brazilian National Team (9 34 men and 6 women). Punching impact was assessed in the following conditions: 3 jabs 35 starting from the standardized position (FJ), 3 crosses starting from the standardized 36 position (FC), 3 jabs starting from a self-selected position and (SSJ) and 3 crosses 37 starting from a self-selected position (SSC). For punching tests, a force platform (1.02 38 m x 0.76 m) covered by a body shield was mounted on the wall at a height of 1 m, 39 perpendicular to the floor. The selected strength and power variables were: vertical 40 jump height (in squat jump [SJ] and countermovement jump [CMJ]), mean propulsive 41 power (MPP) in the jump squat (JS), bench press (BP), and bench throw (BT), 42 maximum isometric force (MIF) in squat and BP, and rate of force development (RFD) 43 in the squat and BP. Sex and position main effects were observed, with higher impact 44 for males compared to females (P< 0.05) and the self-selected distance resulting in 45 higher impact in the jab technique compared to the fixed distance (P< 0.05). Finally, the 46 correlations between strength/power variables and punching impact indices ranged 47 between 0.67 and 0.85. Due to the strong associations between punching impact and 48 strength/power variables (e.g., lower limb muscle power), this study provides important 52 53 65 using the temporal structure as the reference, the total estimated energy expenditure was 66 around 680 kJ, with the following relative contributions: aerobic -77%; anaerobic 67 alactic -19%; anaerobic lactic -4% (10).However, an athlete can win the fight at any 68 time if he/she knocks the opponent out with a punch, thus reducing the total duration of 69 the fight and the corresponding energy expenditure. Since knockout is a constant goal 70 during a match, boxers must have well-developed muscle power and strength (5, 27, 28, 71 44) in order to increase punch impact and, as a consequence, knockout power. 72 al. (38) showed that the maximal punching impact measured using a boxing-specific 75 dynamometer was more elevated in elite boxers than in intermediate level boxers, and 76 higher in the intermediate level than in novice boxers. Indeed, Pierce et al. (27) 77 observed that the boxers who achieved higher cumulative force (number of punches 78 performed multiplied by the impact produced in each stroke during a fight) and greater 79 number of punches won by unanimous decision regardless of the weight category.

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 2010

O treino de força com cargas elevadas tem induzido indivíduos a apresentarem sintomas de dano mus... more O treino de força com cargas elevadas tem induzido indivíduos a apresentarem sintomas de dano muscular que incluem a dor muscular tardia. Na tentativa de diminuir sintomas e desconforto da DOMS, estratégias têm sido utilizadas, entre elas, a massagem. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar os efeitos da massagem clássica na percepção subjetiva de dor (DOMS), circunferência do braço (CIR), amplitude de movimento (ADM) e força máxima (1RM) após protocolo para indução de DOMS. Para isso, 18 adultos jovens saudáveis do gênero masculino foram divididos em três grupos (G1 = massagem; G2 = protocolo; G3 = protocolo + massagem) equalizados pelo teste de uma força máxima de flexão de cotovelo no banco Scott. O protocolo de indução de DOMS consistiu de 30 ações excêntricas musculares supramáximas (seis séries de cinco repetições a 110% de 1RM). A massagem foi realizada no grupo G3 imediatamente após o protocolo durante seis minutos. As variáveis dependentes (DOMS, CIR, ADM) foram avaliadas 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas após o protocolo, enquanto a força máxima, apenas após 48 e 96 horas. Os resultados indicaram aumento na DOMS e diminuição na ADM e 1RM, similar aos de outros estudos que utilizaram protocolos semelhantes. No entanto, não houve diferenças entre os grupos G2 e G3 em nenhuma das variáveis analisadas. Pode-se concluir que com esse design experimental o protocolo utilizado foi eficaz para provocar as alterações nas variáveis analisadas e a massagem não causou nenhum benefício na recuperação das funções musculares nem na percepção subjetiva de dor.

Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte (Impresso), 2010

International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2014

… da Educação Física/ …, 2008

O objetivo desse estudo foi obter evidências iniciais de validade da utilização do teste de corri... more O objetivo desse estudo foi obter evidências iniciais de validade da utilização do teste de corrida de 20min (T20), como aproximação do Limiar Anaeróbio (LAn), em jovens jogadores de futebol; 28 atletas (13,5 ± 0,3 anos; 58 + 12 kg; 166 + 0,11 cm) de nível nacional realizaram um teste máximo de 20 min (velocidade mais constante possível), com a determinação da distância percorrida (3965 + 415 m), velocidade média (11,84 + 1,24 Km.h -1 ) freqüência cardíaca final (181 + 9 bpm) (n=14), e concentrações de lactato [la] (2,52 + 0,90 mmol.L -1 ). Apesar de variações individuais, a média de [la] encontrada é similar à sugerida na literatura como referência fixa no LAn (2,5 mmol.L -1 ) em crianças e adolescentes (WILLIAMS; ARMSTRONG, 1991). Dentro das limitações deste estudo, o T20 parece ser uma alternativa para a aproximação do LAn. Palavras-chave: Evidências de validade. Teste de 20 minutos. Limiar anaeróbio. Jovens jogadores de futebol. 1 Trabalho parcialmente desenvolvido no LADESP/USP, e concluído no

The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, Jan 4, 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of four weeks of training cessation (TC) on ... more The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of four weeks of training cessation (TC) on specific endurance performance, resting and post-exercise heart rate variability (HRV) and neuromuscular capacities of high-level endurance runners. Eighteen endurance runners, 8 men and 10 women (25.5 ± 7.5 years; 166.9 ± 7.6 cm; 54.2 ± 6.9 kg), took part in this study. The 3000 m time trial performance, resting HRV, 5'-5' test, squat and countermovement jumps (SJ and CMJ, respectively) and mean propulsive power in the jump squat exercise relative to body mass (MPP JS REL) were performed pre and immediately following the 4-week TC. The inference based on magnitudes were used to analyze the differences between pre and post values. The time in the 3000 m time-trial was almost certainly higher after TC. A very likely decrease was noticed in the resting HRV index after the TC period. The differences in all variables analysed during the 5'-5' test were rated as unclear. No di...

Journal of Athletic Enhancement, 2015

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 2015

To describe the heart rate variability (HRV) of high-level sprinters in both the supine and stand... more To describe the heart rate variability (HRV) of high-level sprinters in both the supine and standing positions, the HRV of 7 male (24 ± 6 years; 80 ± 8 kg and 182 ± 7 cm) and 11 female (27 ± 5 years; 61 ± 4 kg; 167 ± 5 cm) high-level Brazilian sprinters was measured in the standing and supine body positions in both the time and frequency domains. The heart rate (HR) and the time (SDNN, RMSSD) and frequency (LF; HF and LF:HF) domains of the HRV were assessed. Natural log-transformations (ln) of all HRV indices were log-transformed prior to analysis to reduce bias arising from non-uniformity of error. The Cohen&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s effect size and magnitude-based inference (MBI) were obtained for comparisons. The results suggest higher cardiac autonomic stress in the standing position than in the supine for both genders. With the exception of the lnSDNN that showed possibly MBI in female athletes, all other HRV indices presented a likely or almost certainly MBI. Male athletes demonstrated a higher lnSDNN in the supine body position (very likely MBI) and a higher HR in the standing position (very likely MBI) than females. In conclusion, elite sprinters (independent of the gender) present lower HRV in the standing position than in the supine position, but males present a more notable change in cardiac autonomic stress than female athletes.

Educacao Fisica Em Revista, Sep 18, 2011

... Ademir Manuel do Nascimento* Daniela Cristina Sester* Cleberson Nierotka* João Fernando Brink... more ... Ademir Manuel do Nascimento* Daniela Cristina Sester* Cleberson Nierotka* João Fernando Brinkmann dos Santos* Leandro dos Santos Afonso* Eduardo Marcel Fernandes do Nascimento* Flávio ... A partir desta afirmação, considerando que nosso trabalho demonstra forte ...

Rbpfex Revista Brasileira De Prescricao E Fisiologia Do Exercicio, Dec 31, 2011

ISSN 1981-9900 versão eletrônica P e r i ó d i c o do I n s t i t u t o B r a s i l e i r o d e P... more ISSN 1981-9900 versão eletrônica P e r i ó d i c o do I n s t i t u t o B r a s i l e i r o d e P e sq u i s a e E n si n o e m F i s i o l o gi a do E x e r c í c i o w w w . i b p e f e x . c o m . b r / w w w . r b p f e x . c o m . b r EFEITOS

Revista Mackenzie De Educacao Fisica E Esporte, Aug 11, 2009

Sao Paulo Medical Journal, 2015

This study aimed to evaluate different mathematical post-analysis methods of determining lactate ... more This study aimed to evaluate different mathematical post-analysis methods of determining lactate threshold in highly and lowly trained endurance runners. Experimental laboratory study, in a tertiary-level public university hospital. Twenty-seven male endurance runners were divided into two training load groups: lowly trained (frequency &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 4 times per week, &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 6 consecutive months, training velocity ≥ 5.0 min/km) and highly trained (frequency ≥ 4 times per week, ≥ 6 consecutive months, training velocity &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 5.0 min/km). The subjects performed an incremental treadmill protocol, with 1 km/h increases at each subsequent 4-minute stage. -Fingerprint -blood-lactate analysis was performed at the end of each stage. The lactate threshold (i.e. the running velocity at which blood lactate levels began to exponentially increase) was measured using three different methods: increase in blood lactate of 1 mmol/l at stages (DT1), absolute 4 mmol/l blood lactate concentration (4 mmol), and the semi-log method (semi-log). ANOVA was used to compare different lactate threshold methods and training groups. Highly trained athletes showed significantly greater lactate thresholds than lowly trained runners, regardless of the calculation method used. When all the subject data were combined, DT1 and semi-log were not different, while 4 mmol was significantly lower than the other two methods. These same trends were observed when comparing lactate threshold methods in the lowly trained group. However, 4 mmol was only significantly lower than DT1 in the highly trained group. The 4 mmol protocol did not show lactate threshold measurements comparable with DT1 and semi-log protocols among lowly trained athletes.

PLOS ONE, 2015

The jump squat is one of the exercises most frequently used to improve lower body power productio... more The jump squat is one of the exercises most frequently used to improve lower body power production, which influences sports performance. However, the traditional determination of the specific workload at which power production is maximized (i.e., optimum power load) is time-consuming and requires one-repetition maximum tests. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify whether elite athletes from different sports would produce maximum mean propulsive power values at a narrow range of mean propulsive velocities, resulting in similar jump heights. One hundred and nine elite athletes from several individual/team sport disciplines underwent repetitions at maximal velocity with progressive loads, starting at 40% of their body mass with increments of 10% to determine the individual optimum power zone. Results indicated that regardless of sport discipline, the athletes&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; optimum mean propulsive power was achieved at a mean propulsive velocity close to 1.0 m.s(-1) (1.01 ± 0.07 m.s(-1)) and at a jump height close to 20 cm (20.47 ± 1.42 cm). Data were narrowly scattered around these values. Therefore, jump squat optimum power load can be determined simply by means of mean propulsive velocity or jump height determination in training/testing settings, allowing it to be implemented quickly in strength/power training.

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2015

The aim of this study was to determine whether athletes from different sports disciplines present... more The aim of this study was to determine whether athletes from different sports disciplines present similar mean propulsive velocity (MPV) in the half-squat (HS) during submaximal and maximal tests, enabling prediction of 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) from MPV at any given submaximal load. Sixty-four male athletes, comprising American football, rugby and soccer players, sprinters and jumpers, and combat sports strikers, attended two testing sessions separated by 2-4 weeks. On the first visit, a standardized 1-RM test was performed. On the second visit, athletes performed HS on the Smith-machine equipment, using relative percentages of 1-RM in order to determine the respective MPV of submaximal and maximal loads. Linear regression established the relationship between MPV and percentage of 1-RM. A very strong linear relationship (R2 ≈ 0.96) was observed between the MPV and the percentages of HS 1-RM, resulting in the following equation: % of HS 1-RM = -105.05 · MPV + 131.75. The MPV at HS 1-RM was ≈ 0.3 m·s-1. This equation can be used to predict the HS 1-RM on the Smith-machine equipment with a high degree of accuracy.

Journal of sports sciences, Jan 21, 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding vertical/horizontal plyometrics to... more The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding vertical/horizontal plyometrics to the soccer training routine on jumping and sprinting performance in U-20 soccer players. The vertical jumping group (VJG) performed countermovement jumps (CMJ), while the horizontal jumping group (HJG) executed horizontal jumps (HJ). Training interventions comprised 11 sessions, with volume varying between 32 and 60 jumps per session. The analysis of covariance revealed that CMJ height and peak force improved only in the VJG, and that HJ distance and peak force improved in both groups. Velocity in 20 m (VEL 20 m) did not improve in either group; however, velocity in 10 m (VEL 10 m) presented a moderate positive effect size (ES = 0.66) in the HJG, while the ES was large (1.63) for improvement in the 10-20 m acceleration in the VJG, and it was largely negative (-1.09) in the HJG. The transference effect coefficients (calculated by the equation: TEC = result gain (ES) in untrained exercise...

The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review current knowledge on exercise physiology and s... more Objective: The purpose of this study was to review current knowledge on exercise physiology and sports training that can be applied to develop training programs for Mixed Martial Arts. Methods: A non-systematic literature review was conducted to search for articles related to history, physiology and training of Mixed Martial Arts and other Martial Arts such as Judo, Wrestling, Jiu-Jitsu, and Karate. A review on aerobic, anaerobic, strength and power training was also conducted and directly related to Mixed Martial Arts training. Results: There is scarce scientific information about training methods and physiological responses to specific efforts in Mixed Martial Arts. Many studies were reviewed and meaningful information on physiology and training were summarized for application in Mixed Martial Arts. Conclusion:

Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte

To analyze the effects of detraining on body composition and vertical jump and speed ability, twe... more To analyze the effects of detraining on body composition and vertical jump and speed ability, twenty-two under-17 soccer players (16.4±0.4 years; 70.0±7.1kg; 175.9±6.9cm) were submitted to the following assessments; anthropometric; countermovement (CMJ) and squat jumps (SJ); and linear speed, before and after two weeks of detraining. Significant increase in body fat (p <0.001) and, although the reduction in speed was not significant (p> 0.05), an increase of 2.24% in the 0-5m time (ES = 0.78) and 0.97% in the 0-20m time (ES = 0.41). In addition, there was an upward trend in the SJ (p = 0.056). Two weeks of detraining resulted in significant alterations to the body composition and in speed performance (from 0 to 5m) of young elite soccer players.

The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness

Sports Biomechanics, 2015

Tensiomyography has been suggested as an indirect marker of muscle stiffness, which is associated... more Tensiomyography has been suggested as an indirect marker of muscle stiffness, which is associated with strength/power performance. Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest that tensiomyography parameters could be associated with power-related motor tasks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between tensiomyography parameters (from rectus and biceps femoris) and jumping and sprinting abilities in elite soccer players. In addition, we used tensiomyography parameters to compare the lateral symmetry between dominant and non-dominant legs. Twenty elite soccer players (age: 23.3 ± 4.8 years; height: 183.5 ± 6.6 cm; weight: 77.8 ± 7.5 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. Significant moderate negative correlations between biceps femoris displacement and contact time (r = -0.5, p = 0.03), rectus femoris displacement and contact time (r = -0.51, p = 0.02), and a significant moderate correlation between biceps femoris displacement and reactive strength index (r = 0.5, p = 0.03) were found. There were no correlations between tensiomyography parameters and power-related motor tasks. In addition, no differences in tensiomyography parameters between dominant and non-dominant legs were found. Our data suggest that tensiomyography parameters are not associated with power-related motor tasks performance in elite soccer players.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2015

This study investigated the relationship between punching impact and selected 33 strength and pow... more This study investigated the relationship between punching impact and selected 33 strength and power variables in 15 amateur boxers from the Brazilian National Team (9 34 men and 6 women). Punching impact was assessed in the following conditions: 3 jabs 35 starting from the standardized position (FJ), 3 crosses starting from the standardized 36 position (FC), 3 jabs starting from a self-selected position and (SSJ) and 3 crosses 37 starting from a self-selected position (SSC). For punching tests, a force platform (1.02 38 m x 0.76 m) covered by a body shield was mounted on the wall at a height of 1 m, 39 perpendicular to the floor. The selected strength and power variables were: vertical 40 jump height (in squat jump [SJ] and countermovement jump [CMJ]), mean propulsive 41 power (MPP) in the jump squat (JS), bench press (BP), and bench throw (BT), 42 maximum isometric force (MIF) in squat and BP, and rate of force development (RFD) 43 in the squat and BP. Sex and position main effects were observed, with higher impact 44 for males compared to females (P< 0.05) and the self-selected distance resulting in 45 higher impact in the jab technique compared to the fixed distance (P< 0.05). Finally, the 46 correlations between strength/power variables and punching impact indices ranged 47 between 0.67 and 0.85. Due to the strong associations between punching impact and 48 strength/power variables (e.g., lower limb muscle power), this study provides important 52 53 65 using the temporal structure as the reference, the total estimated energy expenditure was 66 around 680 kJ, with the following relative contributions: aerobic -77%; anaerobic 67 alactic -19%; anaerobic lactic -4% (10).However, an athlete can win the fight at any 68 time if he/she knocks the opponent out with a punch, thus reducing the total duration of 69 the fight and the corresponding energy expenditure. Since knockout is a constant goal 70 during a match, boxers must have well-developed muscle power and strength (5, 27, 28, 71 44) in order to increase punch impact and, as a consequence, knockout power. 72 al. (38) showed that the maximal punching impact measured using a boxing-specific 75 dynamometer was more elevated in elite boxers than in intermediate level boxers, and 76 higher in the intermediate level than in novice boxers. Indeed, Pierce et al. (27) 77 observed that the boxers who achieved higher cumulative force (number of punches 78 performed multiplied by the impact produced in each stroke during a fight) and greater 79 number of punches won by unanimous decision regardless of the weight category.

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 2010

O treino de força com cargas elevadas tem induzido indivíduos a apresentarem sintomas de dano mus... more O treino de força com cargas elevadas tem induzido indivíduos a apresentarem sintomas de dano muscular que incluem a dor muscular tardia. Na tentativa de diminuir sintomas e desconforto da DOMS, estratégias têm sido utilizadas, entre elas, a massagem. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar os efeitos da massagem clássica na percepção subjetiva de dor (DOMS), circunferência do braço (CIR), amplitude de movimento (ADM) e força máxima (1RM) após protocolo para indução de DOMS. Para isso, 18 adultos jovens saudáveis do gênero masculino foram divididos em três grupos (G1 = massagem; G2 = protocolo; G3 = protocolo + massagem) equalizados pelo teste de uma força máxima de flexão de cotovelo no banco Scott. O protocolo de indução de DOMS consistiu de 30 ações excêntricas musculares supramáximas (seis séries de cinco repetições a 110% de 1RM). A massagem foi realizada no grupo G3 imediatamente após o protocolo durante seis minutos. As variáveis dependentes (DOMS, CIR, ADM) foram avaliadas 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas após o protocolo, enquanto a força máxima, apenas após 48 e 96 horas. Os resultados indicaram aumento na DOMS e diminuição na ADM e 1RM, similar aos de outros estudos que utilizaram protocolos semelhantes. No entanto, não houve diferenças entre os grupos G2 e G3 em nenhuma das variáveis analisadas. Pode-se concluir que com esse design experimental o protocolo utilizado foi eficaz para provocar as alterações nas variáveis analisadas e a massagem não causou nenhum benefício na recuperação das funções musculares nem na percepção subjetiva de dor.

Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte (Impresso), 2010