Cesáreo Gómez - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Cesáreo Gómez
… de evaluación en …, 2003
Información del artículo Instrumentos de evaluación en tabaquismo.
… de evaluación en …, 2003
Información del artículo Evaluación psicológica en el abuso de alcohol y otras sustancias.
Adicciones, 2005
El objetivo es comparar pacientes drogodependientes en tratamiento en comunidades terapéuticas qu... more El objetivo es comparar pacientes drogodependientes en tratamiento en comunidades terapéuticas que tienen o no problemática legal. Se evaluaron 107 pacientes tratados en 9 programas residenciales y centros de día, utilizando entrevistas, cuestionarios y escalas para evaluar las necesidades (ASI), motivación para el cambio y el tratamiento (CMRS), ajuste psicológico percibido por el usuario y el terapeuta, adaptación al tratamiento y satisfacción de los usuarios (TPQ). Los pacientes con problemática legal muestran una severidad algo superior en las áreas de problemática legal, empleo, drogas y psiquiátrica del ASI. Los resultados revelan una adaptación aceptable al tratamiento, elevada motivación para el cambio y tratamiento y una buena valoración de los programas en los pacientes con problemática judicial. Se observa una mayor presión externa hacia el tratamiento entre estos pacientes y escasas diferencias relevantes con los pacientes sin problemática judicial en la percepción y respuesta al tratamiento. Las comunidades terapéuticas pueden ser recursos útiles para el tratamiento y rehabilitación de pacientes con problemática legal.
Adicciones, 2003
Background: Predictive models on substance use include personality, peers and family characterist... more Background: Predictive models on substance use include personality, peers and family characteristics and mediating variables (expectancies, motivation, risk perception, etc.). This study aim to compare the relative capacity of management of recreational life with the mentioned predictors, when the objective is to "predict" substance use. Method: Two samples of young people were interviewed, both balanced between substance users and non-users. One were composed only by Spanish people (N = 806) and the other was composed by people from ten European cities (N = 1,777). Discriminant analyses and logistic regression methods were used to classify individuals regarding their status (user and non-user), to estimate the relative weight of different domains of variables in the models and to compare findings in the two samples. Results: Similar findings were obtained across the two samples. A discriminant model classified around 90% of individuals correctly as users and non-users. Personality, peers and family characteristics and mediating variables were included. Management of recreational life was the stronger predictor, followed by peers substance use. Conclusion: Substance use prevention should include management of recreational life as a relevant factor, together with another determinants as peers and family substance use, personality and mediating variables.
Adicciones, 2006
This study provides a first approach on validating the Social Learning Theory for drug abuse trea... more This study provides a first approach on validating the Social Learning Theory for drug abuse treatment (heroin). We used a set of questionnaires designed to measure different constructs related to Social Learning Theory: Drug use situations, Causal dimensions for drug use and abstinence, Locus of control related to drug use, Outcome expectancies for abstinence, Stages of change and Self-efficacy. Sample includes 671 polidrug opiate-dependent patients was assessed. The assessment instruments showed an adequate internal consistency, with 62% of constructs showing an alpha coefficient higher than 0.80 and other 25% coefficients higher than 0.70. We also found satisfactory construct validity (convergent and divergent), with an exploratory factor analysis providing some support to the constructs included in the original model, by grouping the explored variables in four factors: 1) causal dimensions related constructs, 2) psychological situation and motivation for change; 3) outcome expectancies for abstinence and their subjective value, 4) self-efficacy and locus of control related to drug use. The studied assessment instruments can be useful in planning and assessing psychological interventions for drug-dependent individuals
Adicciones, 2004
Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de determinar la fiabilidad de la entrevista MAP (Maudsley ... more Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de determinar la fiabilidad de la entrevista MAP (Maudsley Addiction Profile). La muestra incluye 646 pacientes con una media de 36 años de edad, (79% hombres y 21% mujeres) tratados por problemas con el alcohol (39%) y otras drogas (61%). Las entrevistas MAP fueron realizadas por más de 60 entrevistadores de ambos sexos, personal clínico e investigador. Se calcularon coeficientes de correlación y coeficientes kappa. La mayoría de estos estimadores muestran una fiabilidad test-retest y estabilidad temporal aceptables o satisfactorias, con valores cercanos o superiores a 0,80, apoyando la fiabilidad de la mayor parte de la información obtenida. El sexo del entrevistado, tipo de entrevistador y sustancia principal (alcohol o drogas) no afectan sustancialmente a la fiabilidad del MAP.
SUMMARY Cocaine is fashionable in Spain. The connecting thread of the study is the cultural dynam... more SUMMARY Cocaine is fashionable in Spain. The connecting thread of the study is the cultural dynamic that motivates cocaine use, and its growth, particularly among the young. The article results from qualitative research in five Spanish cities. Recreational establish- ments were observed and in-depth interviews -51 in total - were carried out with consumers in treatment, consumers not in treatment and professionals in the treatment centres. The analysis focused on the socially integrated collective. Three collectives have been highlighted, differentiated by the use and significance given to the substance: the "aristocratic" , the "recreational" and the "hooked" . The significance that cocaine goes on to acquire for the users in these collectives, use styles, the function of use in relation to users of other substances and non-users, the rituals of its purchase, the management of finances, the control and the risk and, finally, the entry into a treatment ...
Adicciones
To estimate the predictive relevance for drug use of recreational nightlife related variables in ... more To estimate the predictive relevance for drug use of recreational nightlife related variables in comparison with other intrapersonal and interpersonal risk / protective factors. 806 young people interviewed by Irefrea in recreational nightlife environments from 4 Spanish cities during year 2001. The sample was approximately balanced by drug use (users and non-users), gender and age group (adolescents and young adults). Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire comprising questions on demographics, drug use frequency and related attitudes, sensation seeking, risk and deviant behaviours, habits on recreational nightlife, peer and family characteristics and mediating variables. Multivariate predictors for drug use were several intrapersonal and interpersonal risk / protective factors: ever used tobacco and alcohol, lower religiosity and risk perception for drug use, involvement in risk behaviours and in problem behaviours, more favourable attitudes for drug use, pe...
Actas españolas de psiquiatría
This study reviews recent literature on duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and its most releva... more This study reviews recent literature on duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and its most relevant characteristics and controversial issues, such as: a) why DUP has been pointed out as a main variable in first-episode psychosis research, and b) the role of DUP in designing intervention programs for the design and different action strategies in early intervention programs in psychoses. The authors also present data from a 2 year follow-up study of 231 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and/or schizophreniform disorder (according to DSM-IV criteria). Results are included, analyzing DUP as prognostic factor for clinical outcome. Our conclusions suggest that DUP is a risk marker but not an independent prognostic factor determining follow-up in schizophrenic psychoses. Therefore, DUP's role in early intervention programs should be redefined.
Actas españolas de psiquiatría
To test the consistency of the proposed structure for the SCL-90R. 598 first appointments of a Me... more To test the consistency of the proposed structure for the SCL-90R. 598 first appointments of a Mental Health Centre were evaluated. 352 of these patients completed the SCL-90-R during their first appointment and also 6 and 12 months later. The structure of this questionnaire from the first appointment as well as from follow-up observations is analysed separately in men and women by exploratory factor analysis. Moreover, confirmatory factor analysis have been applied in order to compare the relative adjustment with the data observed during the first appointment in the original model of Derogatis et al., as well as in 3 other factor models. Exploratory factor analysis rendered a different factor structure with all other contrasted models, that were rejected by confirmatory factor analysis as well, in men and women. Only a relative temporal stability in factor structure, different for men and women, was found. It seems that this tool may be rather more useful as a unitary measure for g...
Adicciones, 2007
To estimate the predictive relevance for drug use of recreational nightlife related variables in ... more To estimate the predictive relevance for drug use of recreational nightlife related variables in comparison with other intrapersonal and interpersonal risk / protective factors. 806 young people interviewed by Irefrea in recreational nightlife environments from 4 Spanish cities during year 2001. The sample was approximately balanced by drug use (users and non-users), gender and age group (adolescents and young adults). Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire comprising questions on demographics, drug use frequency and related attitudes, sensation seeking, risk and deviant behaviours, habits on recreational nightlife, peer and family characteristics and mediating variables. Multivariate predictors for drug use were several intrapersonal and interpersonal risk / protective factors: ever used tobacco and alcohol, lower religiosity and risk perception for drug use, involvement in risk behaviours and in problem behaviours, more favourable attitudes for drug use, pe...
Substance Use & Misuse, 2000
The roles of selected heroin use "relapse" theoretical models were studied by a... more The roles of selected heroin use "relapse" theoretical models were studied by analyzing the composition of each predictive model, comparing their predictive capacity on relapse and abstinence, and integrating them into an overall model. This study is based on two groups of heroin misusers (one "relapsed," n = 130; one "abstinent," n = 130) treated in 15 Spanish therapeutic communities. Data were collected by using a structured interview and urine analysis. A logistic regression model was used to build up and cross-validate six different predictive models. This study resulted in several partial models with a predictive capability ranging between 47 and 78% of abstinence and relapses, while the overall model reached 85 and 89%, respectively. The authors conclude that it is advisable to integrate several models in order to prevent relapse more effectively: motivational-conditioned, situational, cognitive-affective, and coping skills models.
Substance Use & Misuse, 2007
Data were collected using a questionnaire from a sample of 2670 European youngsters representing ... more Data were collected using a questionnaire from a sample of 2670 European youngsters representing the most popular recreational areas of 9 cities (Athens, Berlin, Coimbra, Manchester, Modena, Nice, Palma de Mallorca, Utrecht, and Vienna) from February to May 1998 in order to estimate the relevance of weekend nightlife recreational habits that influence the use of drugs in comparison with other more established "risk factors." Areas investigated included: drug use, the relationship with the recreational context, and many other posited "risk" and "protective factors" (such as student performance, family supervision, sensation seeking, onset of drug use, etc). Three patterns of drug use were considered: nonusers (9.8%), legal users (35.6%) and illegal users (54.6%). Data analysis used parametric, nonparametric tests and multinomial logistic regression tests. The variables related to recreational life style were better predictors for establishing the pattern of drug use, than the study's other variables. The study's limited generalizability is due to the lack of representativeness of the sample and its limited description.
Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2001
Adicciones: Revista de …, 2004
RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de determinar la fiabilidad de la entrevista MAP (M... more RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de determinar la fiabilidad de la entrevista MAP (Maudsley Addiction Profile). La muestra incluye 646 pacientes con una media de 36 años de edad,(79% hombres y 21% mujeres) tratados por problemas con el alcohol (39% ...
European Psychiatry, 2007
a computer screen. The participant was then asked to react to the latter word on the screen and c... more a computer screen. The participant was then asked to react to the latter word on the screen and categorize it as either positive or negative. Results: A supraliminal affective priming effect was observed both in the experimental and the control group. (bigger effect in the experimental group). Patients with schizophrenia were more depressive than healthy participants. The priming effect in the experimental group was stronger for negative than for positive stimuli. In the group of patients treated with risperidon, the priming effect was statistically significant only for negative stimuli.
European Psychiatry, 2007
Introduction and Aim: Insight in schizophrenia shows critical implications for adherence. Non-adh... more Introduction and Aim: Insight in schizophrenia shows critical implications for adherence. Non-adherence is particularly relevant in first-episode patients. Few studies have examined insight in early schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to examine relationship between insight, adherence and outcome in patients with early schizophrenia. Methods: Observational study in patients diagnosed for schizophrenia, schizophreniform, or schizoaffective disorder for less than 5 years. Data are collected retrospectively from first psychotic episode to study start, and prospectively (1 year). Association of demographic data, clinical measures, remission, relapses, and adherence with level of insight (Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder and G12 item of PANSS) was evaluated. Adherence was assessed interviewing patients and family. Remission was defined according to Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group criteria. Preliminary data are shown. Results: 575 patients have been analyzed. Duration of illness was 3.9AE1.6 years. According to G12 item of PANSS, almost 50% of patients had moderate to extreme impairment in baseline insight, while this percentage was 15.8% at 12 mo. (N¼291). At baseline, 50% of patients showed good adherence to medication (>80%), and adherence rose to 78% at 12 mo. (N¼291). Remission (severity criteria) significantly increased from baseline (23.9%, N¼574) to 12 mo. (59.5%, N¼291; p<0.0001). A significant relationship between insight and remission at baseline (p<0.001) was found. Among patients who reached 12 mo. visit (N¼289), hospitalization was more frequent in those with poor baseline insight. Conclusions: Lack of insight is common in early schizophrenia and may be a relevant predictor of poor outcome.
Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy, 2008
... In a sample of 2700 clubbers from nine different European cities, 39% preferred house music, ... more ... In a sample of 2700 clubbers from nine different European cities, 39% preferred house music, 18% heavy metal, 12% pop, etc. ... factors and analysing relative weights in predicting substance use/misuse; and (c) a lack of studies focused on substance misuse, and not only on ...
… de evaluación en …, 2003
Información del artículo Instrumentos de evaluación en tabaquismo.
… de evaluación en …, 2003
Información del artículo Evaluación psicológica en el abuso de alcohol y otras sustancias.
Adicciones, 2005
El objetivo es comparar pacientes drogodependientes en tratamiento en comunidades terapéuticas qu... more El objetivo es comparar pacientes drogodependientes en tratamiento en comunidades terapéuticas que tienen o no problemática legal. Se evaluaron 107 pacientes tratados en 9 programas residenciales y centros de día, utilizando entrevistas, cuestionarios y escalas para evaluar las necesidades (ASI), motivación para el cambio y el tratamiento (CMRS), ajuste psicológico percibido por el usuario y el terapeuta, adaptación al tratamiento y satisfacción de los usuarios (TPQ). Los pacientes con problemática legal muestran una severidad algo superior en las áreas de problemática legal, empleo, drogas y psiquiátrica del ASI. Los resultados revelan una adaptación aceptable al tratamiento, elevada motivación para el cambio y tratamiento y una buena valoración de los programas en los pacientes con problemática judicial. Se observa una mayor presión externa hacia el tratamiento entre estos pacientes y escasas diferencias relevantes con los pacientes sin problemática judicial en la percepción y respuesta al tratamiento. Las comunidades terapéuticas pueden ser recursos útiles para el tratamiento y rehabilitación de pacientes con problemática legal.
Adicciones, 2003
Background: Predictive models on substance use include personality, peers and family characterist... more Background: Predictive models on substance use include personality, peers and family characteristics and mediating variables (expectancies, motivation, risk perception, etc.). This study aim to compare the relative capacity of management of recreational life with the mentioned predictors, when the objective is to "predict" substance use. Method: Two samples of young people were interviewed, both balanced between substance users and non-users. One were composed only by Spanish people (N = 806) and the other was composed by people from ten European cities (N = 1,777). Discriminant analyses and logistic regression methods were used to classify individuals regarding their status (user and non-user), to estimate the relative weight of different domains of variables in the models and to compare findings in the two samples. Results: Similar findings were obtained across the two samples. A discriminant model classified around 90% of individuals correctly as users and non-users. Personality, peers and family characteristics and mediating variables were included. Management of recreational life was the stronger predictor, followed by peers substance use. Conclusion: Substance use prevention should include management of recreational life as a relevant factor, together with another determinants as peers and family substance use, personality and mediating variables.
Adicciones, 2006
This study provides a first approach on validating the Social Learning Theory for drug abuse trea... more This study provides a first approach on validating the Social Learning Theory for drug abuse treatment (heroin). We used a set of questionnaires designed to measure different constructs related to Social Learning Theory: Drug use situations, Causal dimensions for drug use and abstinence, Locus of control related to drug use, Outcome expectancies for abstinence, Stages of change and Self-efficacy. Sample includes 671 polidrug opiate-dependent patients was assessed. The assessment instruments showed an adequate internal consistency, with 62% of constructs showing an alpha coefficient higher than 0.80 and other 25% coefficients higher than 0.70. We also found satisfactory construct validity (convergent and divergent), with an exploratory factor analysis providing some support to the constructs included in the original model, by grouping the explored variables in four factors: 1) causal dimensions related constructs, 2) psychological situation and motivation for change; 3) outcome expectancies for abstinence and their subjective value, 4) self-efficacy and locus of control related to drug use. The studied assessment instruments can be useful in planning and assessing psychological interventions for drug-dependent individuals
Adicciones, 2004
Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de determinar la fiabilidad de la entrevista MAP (Maudsley ... more Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de determinar la fiabilidad de la entrevista MAP (Maudsley Addiction Profile). La muestra incluye 646 pacientes con una media de 36 años de edad, (79% hombres y 21% mujeres) tratados por problemas con el alcohol (39%) y otras drogas (61%). Las entrevistas MAP fueron realizadas por más de 60 entrevistadores de ambos sexos, personal clínico e investigador. Se calcularon coeficientes de correlación y coeficientes kappa. La mayoría de estos estimadores muestran una fiabilidad test-retest y estabilidad temporal aceptables o satisfactorias, con valores cercanos o superiores a 0,80, apoyando la fiabilidad de la mayor parte de la información obtenida. El sexo del entrevistado, tipo de entrevistador y sustancia principal (alcohol o drogas) no afectan sustancialmente a la fiabilidad del MAP.
SUMMARY Cocaine is fashionable in Spain. The connecting thread of the study is the cultural dynam... more SUMMARY Cocaine is fashionable in Spain. The connecting thread of the study is the cultural dynamic that motivates cocaine use, and its growth, particularly among the young. The article results from qualitative research in five Spanish cities. Recreational establish- ments were observed and in-depth interviews -51 in total - were carried out with consumers in treatment, consumers not in treatment and professionals in the treatment centres. The analysis focused on the socially integrated collective. Three collectives have been highlighted, differentiated by the use and significance given to the substance: the "aristocratic" , the "recreational" and the "hooked" . The significance that cocaine goes on to acquire for the users in these collectives, use styles, the function of use in relation to users of other substances and non-users, the rituals of its purchase, the management of finances, the control and the risk and, finally, the entry into a treatment ...
Adicciones
To estimate the predictive relevance for drug use of recreational nightlife related variables in ... more To estimate the predictive relevance for drug use of recreational nightlife related variables in comparison with other intrapersonal and interpersonal risk / protective factors. 806 young people interviewed by Irefrea in recreational nightlife environments from 4 Spanish cities during year 2001. The sample was approximately balanced by drug use (users and non-users), gender and age group (adolescents and young adults). Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire comprising questions on demographics, drug use frequency and related attitudes, sensation seeking, risk and deviant behaviours, habits on recreational nightlife, peer and family characteristics and mediating variables. Multivariate predictors for drug use were several intrapersonal and interpersonal risk / protective factors: ever used tobacco and alcohol, lower religiosity and risk perception for drug use, involvement in risk behaviours and in problem behaviours, more favourable attitudes for drug use, pe...
Actas españolas de psiquiatría
This study reviews recent literature on duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and its most releva... more This study reviews recent literature on duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and its most relevant characteristics and controversial issues, such as: a) why DUP has been pointed out as a main variable in first-episode psychosis research, and b) the role of DUP in designing intervention programs for the design and different action strategies in early intervention programs in psychoses. The authors also present data from a 2 year follow-up study of 231 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and/or schizophreniform disorder (according to DSM-IV criteria). Results are included, analyzing DUP as prognostic factor for clinical outcome. Our conclusions suggest that DUP is a risk marker but not an independent prognostic factor determining follow-up in schizophrenic psychoses. Therefore, DUP's role in early intervention programs should be redefined.
Actas españolas de psiquiatría
To test the consistency of the proposed structure for the SCL-90R. 598 first appointments of a Me... more To test the consistency of the proposed structure for the SCL-90R. 598 first appointments of a Mental Health Centre were evaluated. 352 of these patients completed the SCL-90-R during their first appointment and also 6 and 12 months later. The structure of this questionnaire from the first appointment as well as from follow-up observations is analysed separately in men and women by exploratory factor analysis. Moreover, confirmatory factor analysis have been applied in order to compare the relative adjustment with the data observed during the first appointment in the original model of Derogatis et al., as well as in 3 other factor models. Exploratory factor analysis rendered a different factor structure with all other contrasted models, that were rejected by confirmatory factor analysis as well, in men and women. Only a relative temporal stability in factor structure, different for men and women, was found. It seems that this tool may be rather more useful as a unitary measure for g...
Adicciones, 2007
To estimate the predictive relevance for drug use of recreational nightlife related variables in ... more To estimate the predictive relevance for drug use of recreational nightlife related variables in comparison with other intrapersonal and interpersonal risk / protective factors. 806 young people interviewed by Irefrea in recreational nightlife environments from 4 Spanish cities during year 2001. The sample was approximately balanced by drug use (users and non-users), gender and age group (adolescents and young adults). Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire comprising questions on demographics, drug use frequency and related attitudes, sensation seeking, risk and deviant behaviours, habits on recreational nightlife, peer and family characteristics and mediating variables. Multivariate predictors for drug use were several intrapersonal and interpersonal risk / protective factors: ever used tobacco and alcohol, lower religiosity and risk perception for drug use, involvement in risk behaviours and in problem behaviours, more favourable attitudes for drug use, pe...
Substance Use & Misuse, 2000
The roles of selected heroin use "relapse" theoretical models were studied by a... more The roles of selected heroin use "relapse" theoretical models were studied by analyzing the composition of each predictive model, comparing their predictive capacity on relapse and abstinence, and integrating them into an overall model. This study is based on two groups of heroin misusers (one "relapsed," n = 130; one "abstinent," n = 130) treated in 15 Spanish therapeutic communities. Data were collected by using a structured interview and urine analysis. A logistic regression model was used to build up and cross-validate six different predictive models. This study resulted in several partial models with a predictive capability ranging between 47 and 78% of abstinence and relapses, while the overall model reached 85 and 89%, respectively. The authors conclude that it is advisable to integrate several models in order to prevent relapse more effectively: motivational-conditioned, situational, cognitive-affective, and coping skills models.
Substance Use & Misuse, 2007
Data were collected using a questionnaire from a sample of 2670 European youngsters representing ... more Data were collected using a questionnaire from a sample of 2670 European youngsters representing the most popular recreational areas of 9 cities (Athens, Berlin, Coimbra, Manchester, Modena, Nice, Palma de Mallorca, Utrecht, and Vienna) from February to May 1998 in order to estimate the relevance of weekend nightlife recreational habits that influence the use of drugs in comparison with other more established &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;risk factors.&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Areas investigated included: drug use, the relationship with the recreational context, and many other posited &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;risk&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; and &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;protective factors&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; (such as student performance, family supervision, sensation seeking, onset of drug use, etc). Three patterns of drug use were considered: nonusers (9.8%), legal users (35.6%) and illegal users (54.6%). Data analysis used parametric, nonparametric tests and multinomial logistic regression tests. The variables related to recreational life style were better predictors for establishing the pattern of drug use, than the study&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s other variables. The study&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s limited generalizability is due to the lack of representativeness of the sample and its limited description.
Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2001
Adicciones: Revista de …, 2004
RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de determinar la fiabilidad de la entrevista MAP (M... more RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de determinar la fiabilidad de la entrevista MAP (Maudsley Addiction Profile). La muestra incluye 646 pacientes con una media de 36 años de edad,(79% hombres y 21% mujeres) tratados por problemas con el alcohol (39% ...
European Psychiatry, 2007
a computer screen. The participant was then asked to react to the latter word on the screen and c... more a computer screen. The participant was then asked to react to the latter word on the screen and categorize it as either positive or negative. Results: A supraliminal affective priming effect was observed both in the experimental and the control group. (bigger effect in the experimental group). Patients with schizophrenia were more depressive than healthy participants. The priming effect in the experimental group was stronger for negative than for positive stimuli. In the group of patients treated with risperidon, the priming effect was statistically significant only for negative stimuli.
European Psychiatry, 2007
Introduction and Aim: Insight in schizophrenia shows critical implications for adherence. Non-adh... more Introduction and Aim: Insight in schizophrenia shows critical implications for adherence. Non-adherence is particularly relevant in first-episode patients. Few studies have examined insight in early schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to examine relationship between insight, adherence and outcome in patients with early schizophrenia. Methods: Observational study in patients diagnosed for schizophrenia, schizophreniform, or schizoaffective disorder for less than 5 years. Data are collected retrospectively from first psychotic episode to study start, and prospectively (1 year). Association of demographic data, clinical measures, remission, relapses, and adherence with level of insight (Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder and G12 item of PANSS) was evaluated. Adherence was assessed interviewing patients and family. Remission was defined according to Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group criteria. Preliminary data are shown. Results: 575 patients have been analyzed. Duration of illness was 3.9AE1.6 years. According to G12 item of PANSS, almost 50% of patients had moderate to extreme impairment in baseline insight, while this percentage was 15.8% at 12 mo. (N¼291). At baseline, 50% of patients showed good adherence to medication (>80%), and adherence rose to 78% at 12 mo. (N¼291). Remission (severity criteria) significantly increased from baseline (23.9%, N¼574) to 12 mo. (59.5%, N¼291; p<0.0001). A significant relationship between insight and remission at baseline (p<0.001) was found. Among patients who reached 12 mo. visit (N¼289), hospitalization was more frequent in those with poor baseline insight. Conclusions: Lack of insight is common in early schizophrenia and may be a relevant predictor of poor outcome.
Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy, 2008
... In a sample of 2700 clubbers from nine different European cities, 39% preferred house music, ... more ... In a sample of 2700 clubbers from nine different European cities, 39% preferred house music, 18% heavy metal, 12% pop, etc. ... factors and analysing relative weights in predicting substance use/misuse; and (c) a lack of studies focused on substance misuse, and not only on ...