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Papers by Chander Datt

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, May 1, 2018

Twenty four female KF calves were selected and distributed randomly into 4 groups of 6 animals ea... more Twenty four female KF calves were selected and distributed randomly into 4 groups of 6 animals each based on their body weight and age in a randomised block design (RBD). In group T1, the concentrate mixture consisted of mineral mixture without iodine. The animals in group T2 and T3 were supplemented with iodine at 0.25 and 0.5 ppm of dietary DM while in group T4, 4 micronutrients i.e. chromium, naicin, vitamin E and Zn were

Indian journal of animal nutrition, 2010

The aim of this review is to evaluate the molecular markers used to identify and study the divers... more The aim of this review is to evaluate the molecular markers used to identify and study the diversity of methanotrophs in different environments. Methanotrophs have been divided into two taxonomic groups: type I and type II. Type I represents following ten genera: Methylomonas, Methylobacter, Methylomicrobium, Methylosarcina, Methylosphaera, Methylosoma, Methylohalobium, Methylococcus, Methylocaldum and Methylothermus, which belong to the gamma subdivision of the Proteobacteria. The type II is represented by only four genera (Methylosinus, Methylocystis, Methylocella and Methylocapsa) of the alpha subdivision of the Proteobacteria. The 16S rRNA gene is structurally and functionally the most conserved in prokaryotes. Due to availability of the large database of sequences, the one obvious marker for the methanotrophs is 16S rRNA gene. A complementary option of molecular marker is a functional gene that is unique to the physiology and metabolism of the organisms being studied. For the methanotrophs, two genes, pmoA and mmoX, are of particular use in molecular ecology studies. pmoA genes have been sequenced from a considerable number of methanotrophs and a large data set of partial sequences is also available in GenBank from a number of different environmental studies, however, the data set of mmoX sequences available still remains relatively small. Both pmoA and mmoX have been shown to produce phylogenies largely congruent with the 16S rRNA phylogenies of the same organisms. Other functional gene markers which are not unique to the methanotrophs such as mxaF (coding for the large subunit of methanol dehydrogenase), nifH (which encodes dinitrogen reductase) and fhcD (which encodes the D subunit of the formyltransferase/hydrolase complex) have been used to identify methanotrophs in environmental samples. It has been observed that the comparison between housekeeping gene and functional gene is a better method of study than individual gene. If positive correlations can be made between 16S rRNA gene sequences and the presence or absence of functional genes, then 16S rRNA surveys of environmental samples can be used to understand the functional potential of the community.

Indian journal of animal nutrition, 2016

The present work was undertaken with the aim to estimate minerals status in soil, composite plant... more The present work was undertaken with the aim to estimate minerals status in soil, composite plant samples and dairy cattle in six blocks viz., Prothrapur, Ferrargunj, Little Andaman, Diglipur, Rangat and Mayabunder of Andaman group of islands. A total of 102 samples each of soil, composite plant and cattle blood serum were taken randomly from each block. All the samples were analysed for estimation of micro minerals (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and Co). The results revealed that the overall mean concentration of Zn (1.25±0.27 ppm), Fe (76.02±10.54 ppm), Mn (37.66±5.04 ppm) and Cu (1.61±0.32 ppm) in soil was higher than the critical level and differed significantly (P<0.05) among the blocks. In feed materials, the level of Fe, Mn Cu and Co was 220.09±38.54, 66.41±8.02, 10.54±2.15 and 0.17±0.01 ppm, respectively and was found to be higher than the critical levels. In cattle blood serum, the overall mean of Zn, Cu, Co was found to be 0.95±0.11, 0.56±0.11 and 0.17±0.01ppm, respectively. The concentration of these minerals was below the critical level and a significant (P<0.01 and P<0.05) variation was found among blocks with regard to Zn and Cu concentration. Overall incidence (%) of deficiency in cattle blood serum was found to be 60.78, 45.1 and 15.69% for Zn, Cu and Co, respectively. The incidence (%) of deficiency was more than 50% for Zn in Prothrapur and Little Andaman block and was above 80% in Ferrargunj block. The correlation between composite plant and cattle was positive (P<0.01) for Fe (r=0.411) and (P<0.05) for Cu (r=0.210) and non-significant for Zn, Mn and Co. Therefore, it could be concluded that the soils were deficient in Zn, plants in Zn, Cu and Co while cattle were deficient in all the minerals, hence, a suitable area specific mineral mixture need to be developed to improve the production and reproduction performances in dairy cattle in the area under study.

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2009

Abstract This study was conducted to assess forage yield and nutritional characteristics of vario... more Abstract This study was conducted to assess forage yield and nutritional characteristics of various crops including graminaceous (maize, sorghum, pearl millet, oat, job's tears, napier hybrid, para grass, congo signal, signal grass, guinea grass, thin napier and broom grass) ...

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Oct 13, 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the utilisation of the residual feed intake (RFI) as a feed ... more This study was conducted to evaluate the utilisation of the residual feed intake (RFI) as a feed efficiency selection tool and its relationship with methane emissions. Eighteen Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) heifers were fed ad libitum with total mixed ration (TMR) for 120 days. Based on linear regression models involving dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and mid-test metabolic body size (MBW 0.75), heifers were assigned into low and high RFI groups. The RFI varied from −0.09 to +0.12 kg DM/day with average RFI of −0.05 and 0.05 kg DM/day in low and high RFI heifers respectively. Low RFI heifers ate 11.6% less DM each day, yet average daily gain (ADG) and feed utilisation were comparable among low and high RFI groups. Low RFI heifers required significantly (p < .05) less metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) compared to high RFI heifers. Apparent nutrient digestibility showed nonsignificant difference (p > .05) among low and high RFI groups. Although the nitrogen balance was similar among heifers of low and high RFI groups, nitrogen metabolism was significantly higher (p > .05) in high RFI heifers. Comparison of data from heifers exhibiting the low (n = 9) and high (n = 9) RFI showed that the low RFI heifers have lower enteric methane production and methane losses than high RFI heifers. In conclusion, results of this study revealed that selection of more efficient buffalo heifers has multiple benefits, such as decreased feed intake and less emission of methane.

Indian journal of animal nutrition, 2018

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of provision of 25% extra concentrate mixt... more The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of provision of 25% extra concentrate mixture over and above the NRC recommendation on body growth and blood metabolite levels in Sahiwal heifers. The average daily body weight gain was higher (P<0.05) by 26% in group T2 compared to group T1 (501.42 vs. 398.56 g) and the former group showed better feed conversion ratio (10.97 vs. 12.86 kg feed consumed/kg gain). The DM intake (5.11 vs. 5.39 kg/d) was 5.48% higher in group T2 compared to group T1. The supplementary feeding resulted in increased (P<0.05) in body length, heart girth and paunch girth in group T2 compared to group T1 whereas no significant difference (P<0.05) was observed with regards to changes in height at withers. The concentrations of plasma glucose, NEFA, leptin and progesterone were similar in both the groups. It could be concluded that supplementary feeding of 25% concentrate mixture over and above NRC recommendation improved growth performance, feed conversion ratio and gain in body measurements of Sahiwal heifers.

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, Apr 5, 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the differences in efficiency of feed utilisation in Sahiwal... more This study was conducted to evaluate the differences in efficiency of feed utilisation in Sahiwal calves with low and high residual feed intake (RFI) by comparing feed intake, nutrient digestibility, growth traits and blood biochemical parameters. Eighteen growing male Sahiwal calves (aged 12 months, average body weight 120.04 kg) were selected and fed individually total mixed ration as per their requirements for a period of 60 days. Fifty per cent of maize grains in concentrate mixture containing 33% maize grains were replaced by fresh potatoes (DM basis). Based on linear regression models involving dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and mid test metabolic body size, calves were assigned into low and high RFI groups. Residual feed intake (RFI) values were calculated for individual calves and the calves were divided into low (-0.20) and high (+0.18) RFI groups. Low RFI animals consumed less dry matter than the expected or predicted one indicating their more efficiency of feed utilization. The intakes of DM and CP were 4.95 and 6.47% lower in low RFI animals compared to high RFI animals while average daily gain was higher in low RFI group. The digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE, total carbohydrates, NDF and ADF were similar in low and high RFI groups, however, nitrogen retention was higher in low RFI group. Values of alanine amino transferase (25.85 vs. 35.72 IU/L), aspartate amino transferase (80.33 vs. 100.57 IU/L), total protein (7.34 and 8.24 mg/dL), blood urea nitrogen (15.45 and 22.22 mg/dL) and creatinine (1.27 and 1.78 mg/dL) were higher for high RFI as compared to low RFI group. The concentration of growth hormone, insulin and IGF-1 were similar in both the groups. From present study, it could be concluded that low RFI animals were more efficient in feed conversion.

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2013

Indian journal of animal nutrition, 2014

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of metabolizable protein (MP)... more A study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of metabolizable protein (MP) in total mixed rations (TMRs) on growth parameters and nutrient utilization in Sahiwal calves. Fifteen male Sahiwal calves were distributed randomly into 3 groups of 5 animals each based on their body weight and age (12-18 months). Animals were fed on isocaloric rations with different levels of MP viz., 8.69% (T1), 7.94% (T2) and 9.28% (T3) for 3 months. A metabolic trial was conducted to observe the effect of graded levels of MP on their nutrient utilization. OM intake (g/100 kg BW/day) in T1 and T2 differed significantly from T3 (P < 0.05). The DM, OM, NDF and ADF digestibility were similar in all three groups while that of CP was lower in T2 than T 3 (P<0.01). All the groups were in positive N balance and TDN % in the rations was similar in all the groups. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were found to be similar in all the three groups. The optimal dietary MP level was found to be 7.94% to support average gain of about 800 g/d.

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2008

Various horticultural crop residues including vegetable (16) and fruit (9) crops consumed by the ... more Various horticultural crop residues including vegetable (16) and fruit (9) crops consumed by the ruminants in Tripura, were evaluated in tenns of proximate composition, cell wall constituents (eWC's), in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility (IVDMD and IVOMD) metabolisable energy (ME) levels. Most of the residues contained high moisture levels (82.61±1.05%). The overall average values for OM, C~, EE, CF, NFE and total ash were 91.48±O.34, 11.87±O.54, 2.94±O.lO, 17.13±O.69, 59.54±1.00 and 8.52±O.33% (DM basis), respectively. About 65% of these had CP levels above 10%. Vegetable residues were comparatively richer in CP content (14.05±O.50%) than fruit residues (7.99±O.75%) while a reverse trend was observed for NFE (57.43±0.95 vs. 63.28±2.30%). The average values for NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, 'cellulose and ADL were 37.39±1.59, 22.66±O.87, 14.73±0.85, 15.88±O.64 and 4.44±O.25, respectively. The IVDMD values ranged from 53.25 to 82.61 (66.92±1.08%) and IVOMD from 54.53 to 84.58% (68.47±1.09%). The ME concentration averaged 8.37±O.12 MJ/kg DM ranging from 6.85 to 10.88 MJ/kg DM. There were large variations among different residues with regard to all the nutritional parameters studied. While NFE and EE contents had significantly positive correlation with IVDMD, IVOMD and ME values, however, CF, NDF and ADL showed significantly negative correlations with these parameters. ME levels were found positively correlated with IVDMD and IVOMD values. Thus, the majority of the horticultural residues possessed IVDMDIIVOMD values above 60% and ME above 7.5 MJlkg DM indicating that they are having sizable nutritional value, however, their high moisture content arid palatability needs to b~ taken care of, if they are used for livestock feeding.

Indian journal of poultry science, 2011

The D08 variety developed by Project Directorate on Poultry, Hyderabad for rural poultry producti... more The D08 variety developed by Project Directorate on Poultry, Hyderabad for rural poultry production was evaluated. A total of 665 fertile eggs procured from P.D.P., Hyderabad (A.P.) were set in the incubator and 436 chicks were hatched out. The chicks were brooded on the deep litter system at the Institute farm upto 6 weeks of age, there after 50% of all the survived chicks were distributed to the farmers of Baghma village of South Tripura district for rearing in backyard system. The growth and production performance of D08 was studied at both the locations viz. farm and field conditions. The mean body weights at 20 weeks of age were 2.292 ± 0.036 kg, 1.760±0.035 kg and 1.976±0.035 kg, respectively for male, female and combined sex at the farm and the corresponding body weights in field condition were 1.758±0.028 kg, 1.537±0.015 kg and 1.598±0.017 kg, respectively. Significant differences at farm and field condition for mean body weights at different ages were observed. The cumulative feed consumption upto 6 weeks of age was 1.178 kg. The feed consumption per day between 19–20 and 39–40 weeks of age were 133.31 g/bird and 168.30±2.35 g/bird, respectively. The higher feed consumption of D08 variety at all the ages may be due to higher body weight of the bird. The age at first egg was 156 days and 178 days, respectively at farm and field condition. The egg production upto 40 weeks of age was 62.74 and 32.50 eggs, respectively at farm and field condition. The estimated mean of the shape index, percent albumin ratio, albumin index, percent yolk ratio, yolk index and Haugh unit were 75.78±0.49, 59.56±0.49, 0.062± 0.001, 33.43±0.40, 0.47±0.003 and 81.93±0.98, respectively.

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2013

In the present study, methanotrophs inhabiting the rumen of Murrah buffalo were detected by molec... more In the present study, methanotrophs inhabiting the rumen of Murrah buffalo were detected by molecular technique. The methanotrophs specific primer sets (type l and type ll methanotrophs) were used to amplify 16S rDNA sequence from buffalo rumen. The PCR product of an expected DNA length was observed in the 1% agarose gel, which was purified and then cloned. Different gene clones were screened for inserts using the respective PCR primers. Out of 15 colonies, 10 colonies were positive for inserts of 16S rRNA gene sequences. One recombinant plasmid DNA from each group was sequenced and the nucleotide sequence (592bp and 486bp) obtained with type I and type II primer sets were deposited in the GenBank database under the accession number HQ699778 and HQ699779, respectively. The sequences obtained in present study showed <83% sequence similarity with known methanotrophs and most closely (96 to 99%) related to the 16S rRNA gene of uncultured rumen bacteria. The findings lead to a supposition that the novel methanotrophs with 16S rRNA gene similar to uncultured rumen bacteria are present in the Murrah buffalo rumen.

Indian journal of animal nutrition, 2004

Straw quality in terms of chemical composition and in vitro dry matter and organic matter digesti... more Straw quality in terms of chemical composition and in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility (IVDMD, IVOMD) was evaluated for 24 cultivars of paddy. There was significant (P< 0.01) difference among the cultivars in proximate principles (except EE), fibre fractions ...

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

Indian Journal of Dairy Science

Eighteen crossbred cows were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each based on milk yield, body we... more Eighteen crossbred cows were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each based on milk yield, body weight, parity and days in milk to study the effect of supplementation of K. alvarezii based SWP on feed consumption, milk production and composition for a period of 150 days. The cows in group T1 were fed rations as per their nutrient requirements (ICAR, 2013). The cows in groups T2 and T3 were fed the similar rations as in control group (T1), however, the diets were supplemented with 1.5 and 3% of K. alvarezii based SWP (K. alvarezii powder: Gracilaria salicornia powder: K. alvarezii sap powder in 1: 1: 1 ratio) on DM basis through concentrate mixture in groups T2 and T3, respectively. Daily feed consumption, milk composition and organoleptic appraisal of milk were not influenced by SWP supplementation, however, persistency of lactation seemed to be better in group 3 supplemented with 3% SWP in the ration of crossbred cows particularly post  5th fortnight after start of the experiment.

Gene Reports, 2021

Abstract The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of genetic (callipyge gene; CL... more Abstract The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of genetic (callipyge gene; CLPG) and non-genetic factors on growth traits in calves of Murrah buffaloes in India. Discrepancy in callipyge (CLPG) has been identified to have an impact on the growth potential in the different species of farm animals. In order to detect the prospective molecular markers for breeding to achieve desired growth, genetic polymorphism in CLPG was studied by DNA sequencing method and the associations between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CLPG gene and necessary growth traits were evaluated further. In Murrah calves, multiple alignment of the sequences of representative amplicons revealed no nucleotide alteration. However, a comparison of the Murrah calves CLPG gene with the Bos taurus reference sequence (Acc. no. AF401294) revealed five transition type single nucleotide changes: T89C, C102T, G122A, T173C, and A351G. Non-genetic factors such as season of birth and site of birth had significant effect (p

Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020

Nickel (Ni) is universally present in water, soil and plants and recognized as a possibly essenti... more Nickel (Ni) is universally present in water, soil and plants and recognized as a possibly essential trace element for animals. Various possible roles of Ni in animal body have been proposed. It is an integral part of rumen urease and is required for the biosynthesis of hydrogenase enzyme. Nickel has been reported to be a bio-ligand cofactor facilitating the intestinal absorption of the Fe3+ in the animal. It might influence methane production since it is required by methanogenic bacteria in rumen for growth. Improvement in body weight gain, rumen urease activity, propionate production, antioxidant status, lipid and glucose metabolism has been reported in different species due to Ni supplementation but the results have been inconsistent. The maximum tolerable levels of Ni in the feeds of rodents, poultry, swine, horse, cattle and sheep have been reported to be 50, 250, 250, 50, 100 and 100 ppm, respectively. Nickel also interacts with other minerals like iron, zinc, copper and manganese. Hence, studies are required to elucidate the functionality of Ni in animal body.

Indian journal of animal nutrition, 2010

To develop a database in respect of carbohydrate and protein fractions as per Cornell net carbohy... more To develop a database in respect of carbohydrate and protein fractions as per Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system (CNCPs) and to determine the in vitro methane production, 17 feed samples were collected. Among the grains and oilseed cakes highest RDN (%) (fraction A + B1 + B2) was in oat and groundnut cake whereas bypass protein (fraction B3) was highest in pearl millet and soybean cake in respective groups. Highest proportion of RDN (%) in babool pod and B3 fraction in deoiled ricebran (68.56% of CP) was present in byproducts. The amount of C fraction among grains and cakes was maximum in wheat (4.89% of CHO) and cotton seed cake (34.5% of CHO). Lignin bound carbohydrate amongst the byproducts varied between 1/7th in wheat bran to 1/3rd of total carbohydrate in deoiled rice bran. Methane production (ml/g digestible DM) was lowest in pearl millet followed by wheat, and among the cakes it was lowest in mustard followed by groundnut cake. Rice bran, babool pod, wheat and barle...

Forages fed to ruminants in tropics (n=19) were analyzed for their detailed chemical composition ... more Forages fed to ruminants in tropics (n=19) were analyzed for their detailed chemical composition and in sacco degradation kinetics to evaluate TDN content and DM and NDF degradability in buffaloes. The CP content among the forages varied from 4.4 (Heteropogon) to 20.42% (guar fodder with pod) while EE varied from 0.77 (wheat straw) to 2.98% (pearl millet). NDF and ADF contents ranged from 31.56 (guar with pod) to 77.92% (wheat straw) and from 28.45 (guar with pod) to 54.26% (buffel grass), respectively, where as, the lignin level ranged from 2.28 (oats) to 12% (buffel). The NDF bound CP ranged from 0.67 to 6.11% and ADF bound CP from 0.22 to 3.25%. The dry matter ‘a’ (quickly soluble fraction) ranged from 9.8 (sorghum stover) to 39.65% (fenugreek), whereas ‘b’ (slowly degradable fraction) ranged from 39.34 (pearl millet fodder) to 74.8% (crysopogon) whereas for NDF the ‘b’ fraction ranged from 33.39 (sorghum stover) to 85.47% (oats fodder). The effective degradability of DM (EDDM) a...

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, May 1, 2018

Twenty four female KF calves were selected and distributed randomly into 4 groups of 6 animals ea... more Twenty four female KF calves were selected and distributed randomly into 4 groups of 6 animals each based on their body weight and age in a randomised block design (RBD). In group T1, the concentrate mixture consisted of mineral mixture without iodine. The animals in group T2 and T3 were supplemented with iodine at 0.25 and 0.5 ppm of dietary DM while in group T4, 4 micronutrients i.e. chromium, naicin, vitamin E and Zn were

Indian journal of animal nutrition, 2010

The aim of this review is to evaluate the molecular markers used to identify and study the divers... more The aim of this review is to evaluate the molecular markers used to identify and study the diversity of methanotrophs in different environments. Methanotrophs have been divided into two taxonomic groups: type I and type II. Type I represents following ten genera: Methylomonas, Methylobacter, Methylomicrobium, Methylosarcina, Methylosphaera, Methylosoma, Methylohalobium, Methylococcus, Methylocaldum and Methylothermus, which belong to the gamma subdivision of the Proteobacteria. The type II is represented by only four genera (Methylosinus, Methylocystis, Methylocella and Methylocapsa) of the alpha subdivision of the Proteobacteria. The 16S rRNA gene is structurally and functionally the most conserved in prokaryotes. Due to availability of the large database of sequences, the one obvious marker for the methanotrophs is 16S rRNA gene. A complementary option of molecular marker is a functional gene that is unique to the physiology and metabolism of the organisms being studied. For the methanotrophs, two genes, pmoA and mmoX, are of particular use in molecular ecology studies. pmoA genes have been sequenced from a considerable number of methanotrophs and a large data set of partial sequences is also available in GenBank from a number of different environmental studies, however, the data set of mmoX sequences available still remains relatively small. Both pmoA and mmoX have been shown to produce phylogenies largely congruent with the 16S rRNA phylogenies of the same organisms. Other functional gene markers which are not unique to the methanotrophs such as mxaF (coding for the large subunit of methanol dehydrogenase), nifH (which encodes dinitrogen reductase) and fhcD (which encodes the D subunit of the formyltransferase/hydrolase complex) have been used to identify methanotrophs in environmental samples. It has been observed that the comparison between housekeeping gene and functional gene is a better method of study than individual gene. If positive correlations can be made between 16S rRNA gene sequences and the presence or absence of functional genes, then 16S rRNA surveys of environmental samples can be used to understand the functional potential of the community.

Indian journal of animal nutrition, 2016

The present work was undertaken with the aim to estimate minerals status in soil, composite plant... more The present work was undertaken with the aim to estimate minerals status in soil, composite plant samples and dairy cattle in six blocks viz., Prothrapur, Ferrargunj, Little Andaman, Diglipur, Rangat and Mayabunder of Andaman group of islands. A total of 102 samples each of soil, composite plant and cattle blood serum were taken randomly from each block. All the samples were analysed for estimation of micro minerals (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and Co). The results revealed that the overall mean concentration of Zn (1.25±0.27 ppm), Fe (76.02±10.54 ppm), Mn (37.66±5.04 ppm) and Cu (1.61±0.32 ppm) in soil was higher than the critical level and differed significantly (P<0.05) among the blocks. In feed materials, the level of Fe, Mn Cu and Co was 220.09±38.54, 66.41±8.02, 10.54±2.15 and 0.17±0.01 ppm, respectively and was found to be higher than the critical levels. In cattle blood serum, the overall mean of Zn, Cu, Co was found to be 0.95±0.11, 0.56±0.11 and 0.17±0.01ppm, respectively. The concentration of these minerals was below the critical level and a significant (P<0.01 and P<0.05) variation was found among blocks with regard to Zn and Cu concentration. Overall incidence (%) of deficiency in cattle blood serum was found to be 60.78, 45.1 and 15.69% for Zn, Cu and Co, respectively. The incidence (%) of deficiency was more than 50% for Zn in Prothrapur and Little Andaman block and was above 80% in Ferrargunj block. The correlation between composite plant and cattle was positive (P<0.01) for Fe (r=0.411) and (P<0.05) for Cu (r=0.210) and non-significant for Zn, Mn and Co. Therefore, it could be concluded that the soils were deficient in Zn, plants in Zn, Cu and Co while cattle were deficient in all the minerals, hence, a suitable area specific mineral mixture need to be developed to improve the production and reproduction performances in dairy cattle in the area under study.

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2009

Abstract This study was conducted to assess forage yield and nutritional characteristics of vario... more Abstract This study was conducted to assess forage yield and nutritional characteristics of various crops including graminaceous (maize, sorghum, pearl millet, oat, job's tears, napier hybrid, para grass, congo signal, signal grass, guinea grass, thin napier and broom grass) ...

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Oct 13, 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the utilisation of the residual feed intake (RFI) as a feed ... more This study was conducted to evaluate the utilisation of the residual feed intake (RFI) as a feed efficiency selection tool and its relationship with methane emissions. Eighteen Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) heifers were fed ad libitum with total mixed ration (TMR) for 120 days. Based on linear regression models involving dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and mid-test metabolic body size (MBW 0.75), heifers were assigned into low and high RFI groups. The RFI varied from −0.09 to +0.12 kg DM/day with average RFI of −0.05 and 0.05 kg DM/day in low and high RFI heifers respectively. Low RFI heifers ate 11.6% less DM each day, yet average daily gain (ADG) and feed utilisation were comparable among low and high RFI groups. Low RFI heifers required significantly (p < .05) less metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) compared to high RFI heifers. Apparent nutrient digestibility showed nonsignificant difference (p > .05) among low and high RFI groups. Although the nitrogen balance was similar among heifers of low and high RFI groups, nitrogen metabolism was significantly higher (p > .05) in high RFI heifers. Comparison of data from heifers exhibiting the low (n = 9) and high (n = 9) RFI showed that the low RFI heifers have lower enteric methane production and methane losses than high RFI heifers. In conclusion, results of this study revealed that selection of more efficient buffalo heifers has multiple benefits, such as decreased feed intake and less emission of methane.

Indian journal of animal nutrition, 2018

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of provision of 25% extra concentrate mixt... more The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of provision of 25% extra concentrate mixture over and above the NRC recommendation on body growth and blood metabolite levels in Sahiwal heifers. The average daily body weight gain was higher (P<0.05) by 26% in group T2 compared to group T1 (501.42 vs. 398.56 g) and the former group showed better feed conversion ratio (10.97 vs. 12.86 kg feed consumed/kg gain). The DM intake (5.11 vs. 5.39 kg/d) was 5.48% higher in group T2 compared to group T1. The supplementary feeding resulted in increased (P<0.05) in body length, heart girth and paunch girth in group T2 compared to group T1 whereas no significant difference (P<0.05) was observed with regards to changes in height at withers. The concentrations of plasma glucose, NEFA, leptin and progesterone were similar in both the groups. It could be concluded that supplementary feeding of 25% concentrate mixture over and above NRC recommendation improved growth performance, feed conversion ratio and gain in body measurements of Sahiwal heifers.

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, Apr 5, 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the differences in efficiency of feed utilisation in Sahiwal... more This study was conducted to evaluate the differences in efficiency of feed utilisation in Sahiwal calves with low and high residual feed intake (RFI) by comparing feed intake, nutrient digestibility, growth traits and blood biochemical parameters. Eighteen growing male Sahiwal calves (aged 12 months, average body weight 120.04 kg) were selected and fed individually total mixed ration as per their requirements for a period of 60 days. Fifty per cent of maize grains in concentrate mixture containing 33% maize grains were replaced by fresh potatoes (DM basis). Based on linear regression models involving dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and mid test metabolic body size, calves were assigned into low and high RFI groups. Residual feed intake (RFI) values were calculated for individual calves and the calves were divided into low (-0.20) and high (+0.18) RFI groups. Low RFI animals consumed less dry matter than the expected or predicted one indicating their more efficiency of feed utilization. The intakes of DM and CP were 4.95 and 6.47% lower in low RFI animals compared to high RFI animals while average daily gain was higher in low RFI group. The digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE, total carbohydrates, NDF and ADF were similar in low and high RFI groups, however, nitrogen retention was higher in low RFI group. Values of alanine amino transferase (25.85 vs. 35.72 IU/L), aspartate amino transferase (80.33 vs. 100.57 IU/L), total protein (7.34 and 8.24 mg/dL), blood urea nitrogen (15.45 and 22.22 mg/dL) and creatinine (1.27 and 1.78 mg/dL) were higher for high RFI as compared to low RFI group. The concentration of growth hormone, insulin and IGF-1 were similar in both the groups. From present study, it could be concluded that low RFI animals were more efficient in feed conversion.

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2013

Indian journal of animal nutrition, 2014

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of metabolizable protein (MP)... more A study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of metabolizable protein (MP) in total mixed rations (TMRs) on growth parameters and nutrient utilization in Sahiwal calves. Fifteen male Sahiwal calves were distributed randomly into 3 groups of 5 animals each based on their body weight and age (12-18 months). Animals were fed on isocaloric rations with different levels of MP viz., 8.69% (T1), 7.94% (T2) and 9.28% (T3) for 3 months. A metabolic trial was conducted to observe the effect of graded levels of MP on their nutrient utilization. OM intake (g/100 kg BW/day) in T1 and T2 differed significantly from T3 (P < 0.05). The DM, OM, NDF and ADF digestibility were similar in all three groups while that of CP was lower in T2 than T 3 (P<0.01). All the groups were in positive N balance and TDN % in the rations was similar in all the groups. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were found to be similar in all the three groups. The optimal dietary MP level was found to be 7.94% to support average gain of about 800 g/d.

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2008

Various horticultural crop residues including vegetable (16) and fruit (9) crops consumed by the ... more Various horticultural crop residues including vegetable (16) and fruit (9) crops consumed by the ruminants in Tripura, were evaluated in tenns of proximate composition, cell wall constituents (eWC's), in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility (IVDMD and IVOMD) metabolisable energy (ME) levels. Most of the residues contained high moisture levels (82.61±1.05%). The overall average values for OM, C~, EE, CF, NFE and total ash were 91.48±O.34, 11.87±O.54, 2.94±O.lO, 17.13±O.69, 59.54±1.00 and 8.52±O.33% (DM basis), respectively. About 65% of these had CP levels above 10%. Vegetable residues were comparatively richer in CP content (14.05±O.50%) than fruit residues (7.99±O.75%) while a reverse trend was observed for NFE (57.43±0.95 vs. 63.28±2.30%). The average values for NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, 'cellulose and ADL were 37.39±1.59, 22.66±O.87, 14.73±0.85, 15.88±O.64 and 4.44±O.25, respectively. The IVDMD values ranged from 53.25 to 82.61 (66.92±1.08%) and IVOMD from 54.53 to 84.58% (68.47±1.09%). The ME concentration averaged 8.37±O.12 MJ/kg DM ranging from 6.85 to 10.88 MJ/kg DM. There were large variations among different residues with regard to all the nutritional parameters studied. While NFE and EE contents had significantly positive correlation with IVDMD, IVOMD and ME values, however, CF, NDF and ADL showed significantly negative correlations with these parameters. ME levels were found positively correlated with IVDMD and IVOMD values. Thus, the majority of the horticultural residues possessed IVDMDIIVOMD values above 60% and ME above 7.5 MJlkg DM indicating that they are having sizable nutritional value, however, their high moisture content arid palatability needs to b~ taken care of, if they are used for livestock feeding.

Indian journal of poultry science, 2011

The D08 variety developed by Project Directorate on Poultry, Hyderabad for rural poultry producti... more The D08 variety developed by Project Directorate on Poultry, Hyderabad for rural poultry production was evaluated. A total of 665 fertile eggs procured from P.D.P., Hyderabad (A.P.) were set in the incubator and 436 chicks were hatched out. The chicks were brooded on the deep litter system at the Institute farm upto 6 weeks of age, there after 50% of all the survived chicks were distributed to the farmers of Baghma village of South Tripura district for rearing in backyard system. The growth and production performance of D08 was studied at both the locations viz. farm and field conditions. The mean body weights at 20 weeks of age were 2.292 ± 0.036 kg, 1.760±0.035 kg and 1.976±0.035 kg, respectively for male, female and combined sex at the farm and the corresponding body weights in field condition were 1.758±0.028 kg, 1.537±0.015 kg and 1.598±0.017 kg, respectively. Significant differences at farm and field condition for mean body weights at different ages were observed. The cumulative feed consumption upto 6 weeks of age was 1.178 kg. The feed consumption per day between 19–20 and 39–40 weeks of age were 133.31 g/bird and 168.30±2.35 g/bird, respectively. The higher feed consumption of D08 variety at all the ages may be due to higher body weight of the bird. The age at first egg was 156 days and 178 days, respectively at farm and field condition. The egg production upto 40 weeks of age was 62.74 and 32.50 eggs, respectively at farm and field condition. The estimated mean of the shape index, percent albumin ratio, albumin index, percent yolk ratio, yolk index and Haugh unit were 75.78±0.49, 59.56±0.49, 0.062± 0.001, 33.43±0.40, 0.47±0.003 and 81.93±0.98, respectively.

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2013

In the present study, methanotrophs inhabiting the rumen of Murrah buffalo were detected by molec... more In the present study, methanotrophs inhabiting the rumen of Murrah buffalo were detected by molecular technique. The methanotrophs specific primer sets (type l and type ll methanotrophs) were used to amplify 16S rDNA sequence from buffalo rumen. The PCR product of an expected DNA length was observed in the 1% agarose gel, which was purified and then cloned. Different gene clones were screened for inserts using the respective PCR primers. Out of 15 colonies, 10 colonies were positive for inserts of 16S rRNA gene sequences. One recombinant plasmid DNA from each group was sequenced and the nucleotide sequence (592bp and 486bp) obtained with type I and type II primer sets were deposited in the GenBank database under the accession number HQ699778 and HQ699779, respectively. The sequences obtained in present study showed <83% sequence similarity with known methanotrophs and most closely (96 to 99%) related to the 16S rRNA gene of uncultured rumen bacteria. The findings lead to a supposition that the novel methanotrophs with 16S rRNA gene similar to uncultured rumen bacteria are present in the Murrah buffalo rumen.

Indian journal of animal nutrition, 2004

Straw quality in terms of chemical composition and in vitro dry matter and organic matter digesti... more Straw quality in terms of chemical composition and in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility (IVDMD, IVOMD) was evaluated for 24 cultivars of paddy. There was significant (P< 0.01) difference among the cultivars in proximate principles (except EE), fibre fractions ...

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

Indian Journal of Dairy Science

Eighteen crossbred cows were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each based on milk yield, body we... more Eighteen crossbred cows were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each based on milk yield, body weight, parity and days in milk to study the effect of supplementation of K. alvarezii based SWP on feed consumption, milk production and composition for a period of 150 days. The cows in group T1 were fed rations as per their nutrient requirements (ICAR, 2013). The cows in groups T2 and T3 were fed the similar rations as in control group (T1), however, the diets were supplemented with 1.5 and 3% of K. alvarezii based SWP (K. alvarezii powder: Gracilaria salicornia powder: K. alvarezii sap powder in 1: 1: 1 ratio) on DM basis through concentrate mixture in groups T2 and T3, respectively. Daily feed consumption, milk composition and organoleptic appraisal of milk were not influenced by SWP supplementation, however, persistency of lactation seemed to be better in group 3 supplemented with 3% SWP in the ration of crossbred cows particularly post  5th fortnight after start of the experiment.

Gene Reports, 2021

Abstract The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of genetic (callipyge gene; CL... more Abstract The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of genetic (callipyge gene; CLPG) and non-genetic factors on growth traits in calves of Murrah buffaloes in India. Discrepancy in callipyge (CLPG) has been identified to have an impact on the growth potential in the different species of farm animals. In order to detect the prospective molecular markers for breeding to achieve desired growth, genetic polymorphism in CLPG was studied by DNA sequencing method and the associations between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CLPG gene and necessary growth traits were evaluated further. In Murrah calves, multiple alignment of the sequences of representative amplicons revealed no nucleotide alteration. However, a comparison of the Murrah calves CLPG gene with the Bos taurus reference sequence (Acc. no. AF401294) revealed five transition type single nucleotide changes: T89C, C102T, G122A, T173C, and A351G. Non-genetic factors such as season of birth and site of birth had significant effect (p

Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020

Nickel (Ni) is universally present in water, soil and plants and recognized as a possibly essenti... more Nickel (Ni) is universally present in water, soil and plants and recognized as a possibly essential trace element for animals. Various possible roles of Ni in animal body have been proposed. It is an integral part of rumen urease and is required for the biosynthesis of hydrogenase enzyme. Nickel has been reported to be a bio-ligand cofactor facilitating the intestinal absorption of the Fe3+ in the animal. It might influence methane production since it is required by methanogenic bacteria in rumen for growth. Improvement in body weight gain, rumen urease activity, propionate production, antioxidant status, lipid and glucose metabolism has been reported in different species due to Ni supplementation but the results have been inconsistent. The maximum tolerable levels of Ni in the feeds of rodents, poultry, swine, horse, cattle and sheep have been reported to be 50, 250, 250, 50, 100 and 100 ppm, respectively. Nickel also interacts with other minerals like iron, zinc, copper and manganese. Hence, studies are required to elucidate the functionality of Ni in animal body.

Indian journal of animal nutrition, 2010

To develop a database in respect of carbohydrate and protein fractions as per Cornell net carbohy... more To develop a database in respect of carbohydrate and protein fractions as per Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system (CNCPs) and to determine the in vitro methane production, 17 feed samples were collected. Among the grains and oilseed cakes highest RDN (%) (fraction A + B1 + B2) was in oat and groundnut cake whereas bypass protein (fraction B3) was highest in pearl millet and soybean cake in respective groups. Highest proportion of RDN (%) in babool pod and B3 fraction in deoiled ricebran (68.56% of CP) was present in byproducts. The amount of C fraction among grains and cakes was maximum in wheat (4.89% of CHO) and cotton seed cake (34.5% of CHO). Lignin bound carbohydrate amongst the byproducts varied between 1/7th in wheat bran to 1/3rd of total carbohydrate in deoiled rice bran. Methane production (ml/g digestible DM) was lowest in pearl millet followed by wheat, and among the cakes it was lowest in mustard followed by groundnut cake. Rice bran, babool pod, wheat and barle...

Forages fed to ruminants in tropics (n=19) were analyzed for their detailed chemical composition ... more Forages fed to ruminants in tropics (n=19) were analyzed for their detailed chemical composition and in sacco degradation kinetics to evaluate TDN content and DM and NDF degradability in buffaloes. The CP content among the forages varied from 4.4 (Heteropogon) to 20.42% (guar fodder with pod) while EE varied from 0.77 (wheat straw) to 2.98% (pearl millet). NDF and ADF contents ranged from 31.56 (guar with pod) to 77.92% (wheat straw) and from 28.45 (guar with pod) to 54.26% (buffel grass), respectively, where as, the lignin level ranged from 2.28 (oats) to 12% (buffel). The NDF bound CP ranged from 0.67 to 6.11% and ADF bound CP from 0.22 to 3.25%. The dry matter ‘a’ (quickly soluble fraction) ranged from 9.8 (sorghum stover) to 39.65% (fenugreek), whereas ‘b’ (slowly degradable fraction) ranged from 39.34 (pearl millet fodder) to 74.8% (crysopogon) whereas for NDF the ‘b’ fraction ranged from 33.39 (sorghum stover) to 85.47% (oats fodder). The effective degradability of DM (EDDM) a...