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Papers by Chandrim Sengupta
International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2015
Background: Enterococcus, which comprises of gram positive organism acts as opportunistic pathoge... more Background: Enterococcus, which comprises of gram positive organism acts as opportunistic pathogens which has their natural habitat in genital tract, gut and oral cavity. Resistance to wide variety of antibiotics has made enterococcus one of the important cause for nosocomial infection. Emergence of aminoglycoside resistance has made it a feared pathogen. Objective: Objective was to isolate, speciate and determination of high level gentamycin resistance among Enterococcus species. Material and Methods: Clinical samples like pus, urine, blood, CSF etc. were collected and processed. Speciation was done through sugar fermentation test, followed by antibiotic sensitivity test. Results: Of the 81 isolates processed for species identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing, 38 were identified as E. faecalis, 27 as E. faecium, 15 E.avium and One E.durans. A total of 24 isolates showed resistance to high level gentamicin by disc diffusion method. Thus there were about 30[37.03%] Mult...
International journal of scientific research, 2015
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is common chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by var... more Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is common chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by various forms of chronic mucosal and trans-mural inflammation of intestine. IBD comprises of two chronic diseases that produce inflammation of the intestine: ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Development of IBD depends on the response to microbial flora which can be dived into two categories: macro pathogens (parasites, helminthes) and micro pathogens (bacteria, viruses).The study was done to determine the spectrum of infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.117 stool sample from IBD patients and 101 samples from healthy patients were collected. Macroscopic observation was done followed by microscopy along with culture methods, antigen detection of E. histolytica through ELISA and C. difficile toxin A and b detection by ELISA. Prevalence was high among patients between 30-39 years of age (34%). Average age for onset for the disease was 35.3 years. Overall positivity of mi...
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Group A streptococcus (GAS) ... more Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Group A streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis and its carriage among schoolchildren in the age group 5-15 years in Barabanki district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study also aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Penicillin G, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and inducible Clindamycin resistance in GAS. Materials and Methods: Three hundred schoolchildren from six different schools were included in the study. Identification of group A streptococcus was done on the basis of Bacitracin sensitivity test, pyrrolidonyl peptidase (PYRase) test and Lancefield grouping by latex agglutination test. Antibiotic susceptibility test and D-zone test were done in GAS isolates. Results: Out of the 300 schoolchildren, GAS was found in three (4.7%) out of 63 symptomatic children and two (0.8%) out of 237 asymptomatic children. The overall prevalence of GAS pharyngitis and of GAS carriage was 1% and 0.67%, respec...
Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice, 2015
Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ranks top among the nosocomial path... more Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ranks top among the nosocomial pathogens. Nasal formulation of mupirocin is found to eradicate MRSA from colonized individuals, but the emergence of resistant strains is a matter of concern. Methods: Nasal swabs were collected from 200 health care workers (HCWs) who were screened for MRSA. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to perform antibiotic susceptibility test. MRSA detection was done using a cefoxitin 30 µg disc and interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Determination of mupirocin resistance was performed using Epsilometer test (E-test). Findings: About 14% of HCWs showed nasal carriage of MRSA. Nursing orderlies were the predominant carriers. E-test showed four mupirocin resistant isolates. The antibiogram of the MRSA isolates revealed the higher resistance to antibiotics as compared to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. All the MRSA isolates were sensitive to linezolid. Conclusion: HCWs in our hospital showed high nasal carriage rate of MRSA, particularly the nursing orderlies which is statistically significant. It is advisable to detect mupirocin resistance among the isolates obtained from the HCWs so that in case of resistance, alternative treatment should be sought.
Journal of family medicine and primary care
The study aimed to determine the prevalence of nasal colonization of methicillin-resistant (MRSA)... more The study aimed to determine the prevalence of nasal colonization of methicillin-resistant (MRSA), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxacillin and vancomycin, inducible clindamycin resistance, and antimicrobial resistance pattern of among children of Barabanki district, Uttar Pradesh, India. School-going children of age group of 5-15 years were identified and selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two nasal swabs were collected from each child as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines and transported to laboratory. Swabs were cultured on mannitol salt agar and 5% blood agar and incubated for 18-24 h at 37°C. Identification was done as per routine laboratory protocol. Detection of MRSA was done through cefoxitin 30 μg discs and D-zone test. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method along with MIC for oxacillin and vancomycin was performed simultaneously according to Clinical Laboratory Standards I...
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
Background: The knowledge of the current prevalence of lymphatic filariasis and its transmission ... more Background: The knowledge of the current prevalence of lymphatic filariasis and its transmission will be helpful in its elimination. Thus, the present study is aimed to determine its prevalence among hydrocele patients which is a common presentation in chronically infected cases. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients suffering from hydrocele admitted to the surgical ward were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from the patients during the day hours for the detection of anti-filarial antibody and during night hours to detect the presence of microfilaria by smear examination. Blood samples were also collected from the family member attending the ward along with the patients to determine the presence of anti-filarial antibodies. Serum IgE level and eosinophil count were also determined in the patients showing a positive result for the anti-filarial antibody test. Results: Out of 100 hydrocele patients, 21% patients showed anti-filarial antibody card test positive with maximum patients belonging to age group of 20-40 years. Microfilaria was detected in 5% of the hydrocele patients, whereas none of the family members showed positive anti-filarial antibody test. Serum IgE level and eosinophil count were more than 1000 ng/ml and 500/mm 3 , respectively. Conclusions: The study has found a high prevalence of filariasis among hydrocele patients. It is suggested that more studies are needed to know the real time prevalence of the cases showing manifestations of the filariasis in the acute stage which will help the eradication program to formulate new strategies.
![Research paper thumbnail of ELISA for Detection of Entamoeba histolytica Antigen [ 16 ] : Principle](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78782036/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Background: Irritable bowel syndrome is a major chronic gastrointestinal disorder which is also r... more Background: Irritable bowel syndrome is a major chronic gastrointestinal disorder which is also referred as functional bowel disorder. Overall worldwide prevalence ranges from 12%-30%. Etiology of IBS is currently unknown, although infection, genetic, environmental, psychosocial or physiological factors are likely to contribute to the disorder. Bacteria and parasites have been described having a possible role in etiology. Materials and Methods: The study was done to determine the spectrum of infection in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. 117 stool sample from IBD patients and 101 samples from healthy patients were collected. 3 consecutive samples were collected. Macroscopic observation was done followed by microscopy along with culture methods, antigen detection of E. histolytica through ELISA and C. difficile toxin A and b detection by ELISA.Results: Among the 50 patients included, 39 (78%) were male, whereas 11(22%) were female. The mean age of patients were found to be 35.2...
International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2015
Background: Enterococcus, which comprises of gram positive organism acts as opportunistic pathoge... more Background: Enterococcus, which comprises of gram positive organism acts as opportunistic pathogens which has their natural habitat in genital tract, gut and oral cavity. Resistance to wide variety of antibiotics has made enterococcus one of the important cause for nosocomial infection. Emergence of aminoglycoside resistance has made it a feared pathogen. Objective: Objective was to isolate, speciate and determination of high level gentamycin resistance among Enterococcus species. Material and Methods: Clinical samples like pus, urine, blood, CSF etc. were collected and processed. Speciation was done through sugar fermentation test, followed by antibiotic sensitivity test. Results: Of the 81 isolates processed for species identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing, 38 were identified as E. faecalis, 27 as E. faecium, 15 E.avium and One E.durans. A total of 24 isolates showed resistance to high level gentamicin by disc diffusion method. Thus there were about 30[37.03%] Mult...
International journal of scientific research, 2015
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is common chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by var... more Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is common chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by various forms of chronic mucosal and trans-mural inflammation of intestine. IBD comprises of two chronic diseases that produce inflammation of the intestine: ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Development of IBD depends on the response to microbial flora which can be dived into two categories: macro pathogens (parasites, helminthes) and micro pathogens (bacteria, viruses).The study was done to determine the spectrum of infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.117 stool sample from IBD patients and 101 samples from healthy patients were collected. Macroscopic observation was done followed by microscopy along with culture methods, antigen detection of E. histolytica through ELISA and C. difficile toxin A and b detection by ELISA. Prevalence was high among patients between 30-39 years of age (34%). Average age for onset for the disease was 35.3 years. Overall positivity of mi...
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Group A streptococcus (GAS) ... more Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Group A streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis and its carriage among schoolchildren in the age group 5-15 years in Barabanki district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study also aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Penicillin G, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and inducible Clindamycin resistance in GAS. Materials and Methods: Three hundred schoolchildren from six different schools were included in the study. Identification of group A streptococcus was done on the basis of Bacitracin sensitivity test, pyrrolidonyl peptidase (PYRase) test and Lancefield grouping by latex agglutination test. Antibiotic susceptibility test and D-zone test were done in GAS isolates. Results: Out of the 300 schoolchildren, GAS was found in three (4.7%) out of 63 symptomatic children and two (0.8%) out of 237 asymptomatic children. The overall prevalence of GAS pharyngitis and of GAS carriage was 1% and 0.67%, respec...
Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice, 2015
Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ranks top among the nosocomial path... more Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ranks top among the nosocomial pathogens. Nasal formulation of mupirocin is found to eradicate MRSA from colonized individuals, but the emergence of resistant strains is a matter of concern. Methods: Nasal swabs were collected from 200 health care workers (HCWs) who were screened for MRSA. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to perform antibiotic susceptibility test. MRSA detection was done using a cefoxitin 30 µg disc and interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Determination of mupirocin resistance was performed using Epsilometer test (E-test). Findings: About 14% of HCWs showed nasal carriage of MRSA. Nursing orderlies were the predominant carriers. E-test showed four mupirocin resistant isolates. The antibiogram of the MRSA isolates revealed the higher resistance to antibiotics as compared to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. All the MRSA isolates were sensitive to linezolid. Conclusion: HCWs in our hospital showed high nasal carriage rate of MRSA, particularly the nursing orderlies which is statistically significant. It is advisable to detect mupirocin resistance among the isolates obtained from the HCWs so that in case of resistance, alternative treatment should be sought.
Journal of family medicine and primary care
The study aimed to determine the prevalence of nasal colonization of methicillin-resistant (MRSA)... more The study aimed to determine the prevalence of nasal colonization of methicillin-resistant (MRSA), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxacillin and vancomycin, inducible clindamycin resistance, and antimicrobial resistance pattern of among children of Barabanki district, Uttar Pradesh, India. School-going children of age group of 5-15 years were identified and selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two nasal swabs were collected from each child as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines and transported to laboratory. Swabs were cultured on mannitol salt agar and 5% blood agar and incubated for 18-24 h at 37°C. Identification was done as per routine laboratory protocol. Detection of MRSA was done through cefoxitin 30 μg discs and D-zone test. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method along with MIC for oxacillin and vancomycin was performed simultaneously according to Clinical Laboratory Standards I...
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
Background: The knowledge of the current prevalence of lymphatic filariasis and its transmission ... more Background: The knowledge of the current prevalence of lymphatic filariasis and its transmission will be helpful in its elimination. Thus, the present study is aimed to determine its prevalence among hydrocele patients which is a common presentation in chronically infected cases. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients suffering from hydrocele admitted to the surgical ward were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from the patients during the day hours for the detection of anti-filarial antibody and during night hours to detect the presence of microfilaria by smear examination. Blood samples were also collected from the family member attending the ward along with the patients to determine the presence of anti-filarial antibodies. Serum IgE level and eosinophil count were also determined in the patients showing a positive result for the anti-filarial antibody test. Results: Out of 100 hydrocele patients, 21% patients showed anti-filarial antibody card test positive with maximum patients belonging to age group of 20-40 years. Microfilaria was detected in 5% of the hydrocele patients, whereas none of the family members showed positive anti-filarial antibody test. Serum IgE level and eosinophil count were more than 1000 ng/ml and 500/mm 3 , respectively. Conclusions: The study has found a high prevalence of filariasis among hydrocele patients. It is suggested that more studies are needed to know the real time prevalence of the cases showing manifestations of the filariasis in the acute stage which will help the eradication program to formulate new strategies.
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome is a major chronic gastrointestinal disorder which is also r... more Background: Irritable bowel syndrome is a major chronic gastrointestinal disorder which is also referred as functional bowel disorder. Overall worldwide prevalence ranges from 12%-30%. Etiology of IBS is currently unknown, although infection, genetic, environmental, psychosocial or physiological factors are likely to contribute to the disorder. Bacteria and parasites have been described having a possible role in etiology. Materials and Methods: The study was done to determine the spectrum of infection in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. 117 stool sample from IBD patients and 101 samples from healthy patients were collected. 3 consecutive samples were collected. Macroscopic observation was done followed by microscopy along with culture methods, antigen detection of E. histolytica through ELISA and C. difficile toxin A and b detection by ELISA.Results: Among the 50 patients included, 39 (78%) were male, whereas 11(22%) were female. The mean age of patients were found to be 35.2...