Rufus Chaney - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Rufus Chaney

Toxic Element Accumulation in Soils and Crops: Protecting Soil Fertility and Agricultural Food-Chains

Inorganic Contaminants in the Vadose Zone, 1989

Assessment of the likelihood of risks to crop productivity, humans, livestock, and wildlife from ... more Assessment of the likelihood of risks to crop productivity, humans, livestock, and wildlife from potentially toxic elements in sewage sludge applied to land (and other metal sources such as fertilizers, manures, and stack emissions) requires a knowledge of the potential for transfer of each element from the sludge or sludge-soil mixture to crops and to animals (including humans) which ingest sludge, sludge-soil mixtures, or crops grown on the sludge-amended soil, including the bioavailability of the element as ingested. Great progress has been made in characterizing the potential for excessive food-chain transfer of potentially toxic elements, and the risk of reducing soil fertility due to metal toxicity.

Application of chelator-buffered nutrient solution technique in studies on zinc nutrition in rice plant (Oryza sativa L.)

Plant and Soil, 1994

It has been difficult to impose different degrees of Zn deficiency on Poaceae species in nutrient... more It has been difficult to impose different degrees of Zn deficiency on Poaceae species in nutrient solution because most chelators which would control Zn to low activities also bind Fe3+ so strongly that Poaceae species cannot obtain adequate Fe. Recently, a method has been developed to provide buffered Fe2+ at levels adequate for rice using Ferrozine (FZ), and use of other chelators to buffer the other micronutrient cations. The use of Fe2+ buffered with FZ in nutrient solutions in which Zn is buffered with HEDTA or DTPA was evaluated for study of Zn deficiency in rice compared to a conventional nutrient solution technique. The results showed that growth of rice plants in FZ+HEDTA-buffered nutrient solution was similar to that in the conventional nutrient solution. Severe zinc deficiency symptoms were observed in 28-day-old rice seedlings cultured with HEDTA-buffered nutrient solution at Zn2+ activities < 10-10.6 M. With increasing free Zn2+ activities, concentrations of Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn in shoots and roots were quite similar for the FZ+HEDTA-buffered nutrient solution and the conventional nutrient solution techniques. The percentages of water soluble Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn in shoots with HEDTA-buffered nutrient solution were also similar to those with the conventional solution. However, with DTPA-buffered nutrient solution, the rice seedlings suffered severe Fe deficiency; adding more FeFZ3 corrected the Fe-chlorosis but shifted microelement buffering. Further, much higher total Zn concentrations are required to provide adequate Zn2+ in DTPA-buffered solutions, and the contents of Mn and Cu in shoots and roots cultured with DTPA-buffered solutions were much higher than those with the conventional or HEDTA-buffered solutions. In conclusion, DTPA-buffered nutrient solutions are not suitable but the FZ/HEDTA-buffered nutrient solution technique can be used to evaluate genotypic differences in zinc efficiency in rice.

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1993

To assess the effects of heavy metal pollution on terrestrial systems, bacteria are frequently is... more To assess the effects of heavy metal pollution on terrestrial systems, bacteria are frequently isolated from such environments and metal tolerance of the isolates determined by plating on media amended with high concentrations of metal salts. We have found that metal concentrations added to media in traditional assays are orders-of-magnitude higher than water soluble concentrations of Zn, Cd and Ni in soil, even highly contaminated soil. Further, many soil bacteria are intrinsically resistant to high concentrations of heavy metals, thereby precluding the need to adapt to metal contamination. Most bacteria isolated from soil were resistant to very high concentrations of heavy metals, regardless of whether or not the soils were contaminated with metals. The average tolerance to Zn of bacteria isolated from highly contaminated soil was 75 mg I-' but the concentration of extractable Zn from the soil was only 0.47 mg kg-' In a non-contaminated soil, the average bacterial tolerance of Zn and extractable soil concentration of Zn were 26 mg I-' and 0.04 mg kg-', respectively. Defining soil metal concentrations by extractable concentrations as opposed to total concentrations is a more appropriate measure of potential bacterial changes and may elucidate ecosystem changes that might otherwise go undetected.

Enzymatic iron reduction at the root plasma membrane: partial purification of the NADH-Fe chelate reductase

Public Health and sludge utilization

Metal speciation and interactions among elements affect trace element transfer in agricultural and environmental food-chains

Accumulation and effects of cadmium on crops

Chemical Equilibrium Models: Applications to Plant Nutrition Research

SSSA Special Publications, 2015

Soil Cadmium as a Threat to Human Health

Cadmium in Soils and Plants, 1999

Cadmium contamination of soils has been a public concern since the demonstration that soil Cd fro... more Cadmium contamination of soils has been a public concern since the demonstration that soil Cd from Zn mine wastes which contaminated rice paddies had caused excessive Cd absorption and adverse health effects in members of subsistence farm families who consumed rice grown on the contaminated soils (Kobayashi, 1978; Tsuchiya, 1978; Nogawa, 1984; Nogawa et al., 1987). This was the first observation of human Cd disease from soil Cd in the general environment, and scientists looked for potential adverse effects of soil Cd from their soils, agricultural practices, and dietary systems.

Land Treatment of Wastewater

Advances in Agronomy, 1974

... 144 HERMAN BOUWER AND RL CHANEY The best insurance against contamination of groundwater by pa... more ... 144 HERMAN BOUWER AND RL CHANEY The best insurance against contamination of groundwater by pathogenic microorganisms due to land ... Recommendations for this distance vary from about 10 m to 100 m (Romero, 1970; Drewry and Eliassen, 1968), depending on the ...

Plant accumulation of heavy metals and phytotoxicity resulting from utilization of sewage sludge and sludge composts on cropland

Description/Abstract Plant injuries from sludge-applied metals, plant accumulation of sludge amen... more Description/Abstract Plant injuries from sludge-applied metals, plant accumulation of sludge amended soils, and food chain aspects of metals applied in sewage sludges or sludge composts were studied. Results of phytotoxicity studies and plant metal contents ...

Copper Activity in Soil Solution: II. Relation to Copper Accumulation in Young Snapbeans

Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1987

Soil solution Cu2+ activity measured in soil saturation extracts was compared with Cu accumulatio... more Soil solution Cu2+ activity measured in soil saturation extracts was compared with Cu accumulation in young snapbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Copper was supplied through sewage sludge mixtures of varied Cu concentrations and through Cu‐salt additions to the soil. Treatments were a factorial combination of four levels of Cu additions and four levels of total sludge additions. Soil and sludge pH values were limited to pH 5.0 to 5.5. Plant yield differences were minor. Data are reported showing the relationships of root, shoot, and total plant Cu contents with Cu2+ activity, with DTPA‐extractable Cu, with soluble Cu, and with sludge Cu concentration. The Cu source (sludge vs. salt) produced distinctly different curves in most every case. Sludge treatments demonstrated nonlinear relationships of Cu activity vs. Cu accumulation; these were fit with exponential functions. Higher shoot Cu concentrations occurred with the Cu salt treatments. Higher root Cu levels occurred at lower Cu2+ act...

Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1980

Two Coastal Plain soils were used to evaluate the effects of organic matter and Fe and Mn hydrous... more Two Coastal Plain soils were used to evaluate the effects of organic matter and Fe and Mn hydrous oxides on Zn phytotoxicity, and on Zn, Cd, and Mn uptake by soybean seedlings. Fertilized Pocomoke sl and Sassafras sl were limed to pH 5.5 and 6.3 with CaCO3 when adding Zn (six levels between 1.3 and 196 mg/kg at pH 5.5; seven levels between 1.3 and 524 mg/kg at pH 6.3). Cadmium was added at 1% of the added Zn. ‘Beeson’ soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) was grown 4 weeks, and the trifoliolate leaves evaluated for dry weight yield and for their Zn, Cd, and Mn concentrations.The higher organic matter Pocomoke soil was more effective than the Sassafras soil in reducing metal uptake and Zn phytotoxicity. Foliar Zn levels associated with yield reduction of soybean grown on Pocomoke differed with soil pH. Cadmium uptake was significantly lower on the Pocomoke soil. Foliar Mn increased to reported phytotoxic levels (>500 mg/kg) with increased added Zn only on the Sassafras soil at pH 6.3.DTP...

Developing commercial phytoextraction technologies: practical considerations

South African journal …, 2001

... Tel: +27 12 643-9500; email: info@sabinet.co.za; alternatively you can complete this form and... more ... Tel: +27 12 643-9500; email: info@sabinet.co.za; alternatively you can complete this form and one of our portfolio managers will contact you! Top. . ... PO Box 9785 Centurion 0046 | info@sabinet.co.za | 0800 11 85 95 Copyright © Sabinet Online Ltd 2008. All Rights Reserved. ...

Staining localization of ferric reduction on roots

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1988

ABSTRACT

Plant uptake of heavy metals from sewage sludge applied to land

… of the 1975 National Conference on …, 1975

Field and greenhouse experiments with sludge and composted sludge as well as studies involving th... more Field and greenhouse experiments with sludge and composted sludge as well as studies involving the analysis of sludges currently applied to agricultural land conducted to investigate potential hazards associated with heavy metal uptake by plants. The results ...

Case studies in the field-industrial sites: phytostabilization of zinc-smelter contaminated sites: the Palmerton case

Metal-contaminated soils: in situ inactivation and …, 1998

Differential responses of plant genotypes to micronutrients

…, 1972

Plant uptake of inorganic waste constituents

Land treatment of hazardous …, 1983

Use of peat moss columns to remove cadmium from wastewaters

Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), 1979

... Peat has been used in domestic wastewater irrigation because of its characteristics of rapid ... more ... Peat has been used in domestic wastewater irrigation because of its characteristics of rapid infiltration and high sorption capacity.24 Peat moss is a complex material containing lignin and cellulose as major constituents. These ...