Changbing Huang - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Changbing Huang
Zoological Research, 2022
Before the experiment, all monkeys were reared in a semi-open indoor-outdoor environment under na... more Before the experiment, all monkeys were reared in a semi-open indoor-outdoor environment under natural sunlight. Each colony had an outdoor stainless-steel cage (2.67 m length) connected to an indoor room (2.61 m wide, 2.46 m long, and 2.58 m high). The monkeys could enter and leave the outdoor cage and indoor room at will. All rearing and experimental procedures were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the Kunming Primate Research Center (Approval Number: IACUC20029) and were in strict compliance with the National Care and Use of Animals Guide approved by the National Animal Research Authority (China) and the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (USA).
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
Depression in children and adolescents has become a serious public health problem worldwide. The ... more Depression in children and adolescents has become a serious public health problem worldwide. The objectives of this study were twofold: first, to investigate the status of depression among children and adolescents on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the highest plateau in the world, with an average altitude of more than 4200 m (13,776 feet), and second, to examine the associations among prosocial behavior, resilience, and depression. A cross-sectional study was conducted among children and adolescents from Yushu Prefecture on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A total of 11,160 participants aged 10–17 years (Mage = 14.34 years, SD = 1.77; 51.4% girls) were included. Self-reported depression, resilience, and prosocial behavior were assessed. The prevalence of depression was 29.2% in the current study. Higher levels of prosocial behavior were significantly associated with lower levels of depression (β = −0.25, p < 0.001). Furthermore, resilience significantly moderated the relationship between p...
Advances in Psychological Science, 2018
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (TES) is a non-invasive method of brain stimulation, which de... more Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (TES) is a non-invasive method of brain stimulation, which delivers a specific low intensity current on the scalp to modulate the activity of cortical cortex. TES is usually divided into three main types: transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS). In the current paper, we summarized the modulating effects of TES on visual phosphene threshold, visual field, contrast sensitivity, motion perception, and perceptual learning. The modulation effect varies with the type of visual functions, TES parameters, and stimulating patterns.
Journal of vision, Jan 12, 2014
The contrast sensitivity function (CSF), a measure of visual sensitivity to a wide range of spati... more The contrast sensitivity function (CSF), a measure of visual sensitivity to a wide range of spatial frequencies, has been widely used as the gain profile of the front-end filter of the visual system to predict how we perceive spatial patterns. However, the CSF itself is determined by the gain profile and other processing inefficiencies of the visual system; it may be problematic to use the CSF as the gain profile in observer models. Here, we applied the external noise paradigm and the perceptual template model (PTM) to characterize several major properties of the visual system. With the external noise normalized gain profile, nonlinearity, and internal additive and multiplicative noises, the PTM accounted for 92.8% of the variance in the experiment data measured in a wide range of conditions and revealed the major processing components that determine the CSF. Unlike the CSF, the external noise normalized gain profile of the visual system is relatively flat across a wide range of spa...
Journal of vision, Jan 16, 2015
Comparing characteristics of learning in first- and second-order systems might inform us about di... more Comparing characteristics of learning in first- and second-order systems might inform us about different neural plasticity in the two systems. In the current study, we aim to determine the properties of perceptual learning in second-order contrast modulation detection in normal adults. We trained nine observers to detect second-order gratings at an envelope modulation spatial frequency of 8 cycles/° with their nondominant eyes. We found that, although training generated the largest improvements around the trained frequency, contrast sensitivity over a broad range of spatial frequencies also improved, with a 4.09-octave bandwidth of perceptual learning, exhibiting specificity to the trained spatial frequency as well as a relatively large degree of generalization. The improvements in the modulation sensitivity function (MSF) were not significantly different between the trained and untrained eyes. Furthermore, training did not significantly change subjects' ability in detecting fir...
Scientific reports, Jan 4, 2015
With abnormal visual cortical development, amblyopia is generally associated with high spatial fr... more With abnormal visual cortical development, amblyopia is generally associated with high spatial frequency deficits in spatial vision. In this study, we aim to answer a critical question: How much high spatial frequency information is available to the amblyopic visual system? We measured the tilt after-effect following adaption to perceptually resolvable and unresolvable sinewave gratings, and showed that gratings with spatial frequency up to 1.5 times the cutoff frequency in grating orientation identification can still produce significant tilt after-effects in adults with amblyopia. Our results suggest that neural connections in the amblyopic visual cortex, at least in V1, may have profoundly developed to represent high spatial frequency information. The demonstration of extant neural connections for high spatial frequencies may have important implications for the development of training protocols for amblyopia treatment. Our paradigm may also serve as a non-invasive probe to diagnos...
Vision Research, 2015
Amblyopia screening during childhood is critical for early detection and successful treatment. In... more Amblyopia screening during childhood is critical for early detection and successful treatment. In the current study, we develop and evaluate a screening method that exploits the imbalanced interocular inhibition between amblyopic and fellow eyes. In nineteen subjects with anisometropic amblyopia and twenty-two age-matched subjects with myopia, we measured the area under the contrast sensitivity functions (AUCSFs) in eight monocular conditions defined by tested eye (left, right), patching of the untested eye (translucent, opaque), and refractive status (corrected, uncorrected). For each test eye, we defined the inhibition index as the ratio between AUCSF values obtained in the translucent and opaque patching conditions of the untested eye. To evaluate the screening potential of the inhibition index, we compared results from patients with amblyopia and myopia. With and without optical correction, the index was significantly lower in the amblyopic eye than in the fellow eye of the amblyopic subjects and both eyes of the myopic subjects. No significant difference was found among the two eyes of the myopic subjects and the fellow eyes of the amblyopic subjects. With the inhibition index as the predictor, a logistic regression model successfully discriminated amblyopic eyes from myopic eyes with 100% accuracy in the uncorrected condition. In the corrected condition, with the inhibition index and interocular visual acuity difference as predictors, amblyopic eyes were likewise discriminated from myopic eyes with 100% accuracy. This pattern of CSF changes, caused by the different patching modes of the untested eye, provides a potential CSF signature to discriminate anisometropic amblyopia from myopia.
Dreaming, 2006
Abstract 1. In the United States, the rise and fall of the opinion that we dream in black and whi... more Abstract 1. In the United States, the rise and fall of the opinion that we dream in black and white coincided with the rise and fall of black and white film media over the course of the 20th century, suggesting that our opinions about the coloration of our dreams are subject to cultural influences. This study generalizes that conclusion cross-culturally. Three groups of Chinese respondents, similar in age but differing in history of colored media exposure, were given questionnaires replicating those of Middleton (1942) and Schwitzgebel (2003). As ...
Vision Research, 2007
This article was originally published in a journal published by Elsevier, and the attached copy i... more This article was originally published in a journal published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues that you know, and providing a copy to your institution's administrator.
![Research paper thumbnail of Corrigendum to “Perceptual learning improves contrast sensitivity and visual acuity in adults with anisometropic amblyopia” [Vis. Res. 46 (2006) 739–750]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90690224/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Vision Research, 2007
The authors regret that an error appears in the legend to Fig. 3. A minus sign is missing in fron... more The authors regret that an error appears in the legend to Fig. 3. A minus sign is missing in front of ''logMAR units.'' The second sentence of the legend to Fig. 3 should therefore read: ''Both abscissa and ordinate are in-logMAR units.''
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2008
Recent studies have demonstrated that training adult amblyopes in simple visual tasks leads to si... more Recent studies have demonstrated that training adult amblyopes in simple visual tasks leads to significant improvements of their spatial vision. One critical question is: How much can training with one particular stimulus and task generalize to other stimuli and tasks? In this study, we estimated the bandwidth of perceptual learning in teenage and adult observers with anisometropic amblyopia and compared it to that of normal observers. We measured and compared contrast sensitivity functions—i.e., sensitivity to sine-wave gratings of various spatial frequencies—before and after training at a single spatial frequency in teenagers and adults with and without amblyopia. We found that the bandwidth of perceptual learning in the amblyopic visual system is much broader than that of the normal visual system. The broader bandwidth, suggesting more plasticity and wider generalization in the amblyopic visual system, provides a strong empirical and theoretical basis for perceptual learning as a...
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2011
Perceptual learning refers to the phenomenon that practice or training in perceptual tasks often ... more Perceptual learning refers to the phenomenon that practice or training in perceptual tasks often substantially improves perceptual performance. Often exhibiting stimulus or task specificities, perceptual learning differs from learning in the cognitive or motor domains. Research on perceptual learning reveals important plasticity in adult perceptual systems, and as well as the limitations in the information processing of the human observer. In this article, we review the behavioral results, mechanisms, physiological basis, computational models, and applications of visual perceptual learning.
Journal of Vision, 2013
proportional to the product of the signal strengths in the two eyes after contrast gain control, ... more proportional to the product of the signal strengths in the two eyes after contrast gain control, and perceived contrast is computed by combining contrast energy from the two eyes. The new model provided an excellent account of our data (r 2 ¼ 0.945), as well as some challenging results in the literature.
Journal of Vision, 2009
Using a suprathreshold binocular summation paradigm developed by J. Ding and G. Sperling (2006, 2... more Using a suprathreshold binocular summation paradigm developed by J. Ding and G. Sperling (2006, 2007) for normal observers, we investigated suprathreshold cyclopean perception in anisometropic amblyopia. In this paradigm, two suprathreshold sinewave gratings of the same spatial frequency but different spatial phases are presented to the left and right eyes of the observer. The perceived phase of the binocularly combined cyclopean image is measured as a function of the contrast ratio between the images in the two eyes. We found that both eyes contributed equally in normal subjects. However, stimulus of equal contrast was weighted much less in the amblyopic eye relative to the fellow eye in binocular combination. For the five amblyopes, the effective contrast of the amblyopic eye in binocular combination is equal to about 11%-28% of the same contrast presented to the fellow eye, much less than the ratio of contrast sensitivity between the two eyes (0.73-1.42). The results from the current study have many important implications in amblyopia research and treatment.
Journal of Vision, 2010
... Chang-Bing Huang Author Home Page changbih{at}usc.edu 1,; Jiawei Zhou Author Home Page zhoujw... more ... Chang-Bing Huang Author Home Page changbih{at}usc.edu 1,; Jiawei Zhou Author Home Page zhoujw{at}mail.ustc.edu.cn 2 ... phase-dependent effect in binocular detection is reversed and enlarged when gratings were displayed in either narrowband (Henning &amp; Hertz, 1973) or ...
Current Biology, 2010
Background: Perceptual learning has been documented in adult humans over a wide range of tasks. A... more Background: Perceptual learning has been documented in adult humans over a wide range of tasks. Although the oftenobserved specificity of learning is generally interpreted as evidence for training-induced plasticity in early cortical areas, physiological evidence for training-induced changes in early visual cortical areas is modest, despite reports of learninginduced changes of cortical activities in fMRI studies. To reveal the physiological bases of perceptual learning, we combined psychophysical measurements with extracellular single-unit recording under anesthetized preparations and examined the effects of training in grating orientation identification on both perceptual and neuronal contrast sensitivity functions of cats. Results: We have found that training significantly improved perceptual contrast sensitivity of the cats to gratings with spatial frequencies near the ''trained'' spatial frequency, with stronger effects in the trained eye. Consistent with behavioral assessments, the mean contrast sensitivity of neurons recorded from V1 of the trained cats was significantly higher than that of neurons recorded from the untrained cats. Furthermore, in the trained cats, the contrast sensitivity of V1 neurons responding preferentially to stimuli presented via the trained eyes was significantly greater than that of neurons responding preferentially to stimuli presented via the ''untrained'' eyes. The effect was confined to the trained spatial frequencies. In both trained and untrained cats, the neuronal contrast sensitivity functions derived from the contrast sensitivity of the individual neurons were highly correlated with behaviorally determined perceptual contrast sensitivity functions. Conclusions: We suggest that training-induced neuronal contrast gain in area V1 underlies behaviorally determined perceptual contrast sensitivity improvements.
Zoological Research, 2022
Before the experiment, all monkeys were reared in a semi-open indoor-outdoor environment under na... more Before the experiment, all monkeys were reared in a semi-open indoor-outdoor environment under natural sunlight. Each colony had an outdoor stainless-steel cage (2.67 m length) connected to an indoor room (2.61 m wide, 2.46 m long, and 2.58 m high). The monkeys could enter and leave the outdoor cage and indoor room at will. All rearing and experimental procedures were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the Kunming Primate Research Center (Approval Number: IACUC20029) and were in strict compliance with the National Care and Use of Animals Guide approved by the National Animal Research Authority (China) and the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (USA).
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
Depression in children and adolescents has become a serious public health problem worldwide. The ... more Depression in children and adolescents has become a serious public health problem worldwide. The objectives of this study were twofold: first, to investigate the status of depression among children and adolescents on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the highest plateau in the world, with an average altitude of more than 4200 m (13,776 feet), and second, to examine the associations among prosocial behavior, resilience, and depression. A cross-sectional study was conducted among children and adolescents from Yushu Prefecture on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A total of 11,160 participants aged 10–17 years (Mage = 14.34 years, SD = 1.77; 51.4% girls) were included. Self-reported depression, resilience, and prosocial behavior were assessed. The prevalence of depression was 29.2% in the current study. Higher levels of prosocial behavior were significantly associated with lower levels of depression (β = −0.25, p < 0.001). Furthermore, resilience significantly moderated the relationship between p...
Advances in Psychological Science, 2018
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (TES) is a non-invasive method of brain stimulation, which de... more Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (TES) is a non-invasive method of brain stimulation, which delivers a specific low intensity current on the scalp to modulate the activity of cortical cortex. TES is usually divided into three main types: transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS). In the current paper, we summarized the modulating effects of TES on visual phosphene threshold, visual field, contrast sensitivity, motion perception, and perceptual learning. The modulation effect varies with the type of visual functions, TES parameters, and stimulating patterns.
Journal of vision, Jan 12, 2014
The contrast sensitivity function (CSF), a measure of visual sensitivity to a wide range of spati... more The contrast sensitivity function (CSF), a measure of visual sensitivity to a wide range of spatial frequencies, has been widely used as the gain profile of the front-end filter of the visual system to predict how we perceive spatial patterns. However, the CSF itself is determined by the gain profile and other processing inefficiencies of the visual system; it may be problematic to use the CSF as the gain profile in observer models. Here, we applied the external noise paradigm and the perceptual template model (PTM) to characterize several major properties of the visual system. With the external noise normalized gain profile, nonlinearity, and internal additive and multiplicative noises, the PTM accounted for 92.8% of the variance in the experiment data measured in a wide range of conditions and revealed the major processing components that determine the CSF. Unlike the CSF, the external noise normalized gain profile of the visual system is relatively flat across a wide range of spa...
Journal of vision, Jan 16, 2015
Comparing characteristics of learning in first- and second-order systems might inform us about di... more Comparing characteristics of learning in first- and second-order systems might inform us about different neural plasticity in the two systems. In the current study, we aim to determine the properties of perceptual learning in second-order contrast modulation detection in normal adults. We trained nine observers to detect second-order gratings at an envelope modulation spatial frequency of 8 cycles/° with their nondominant eyes. We found that, although training generated the largest improvements around the trained frequency, contrast sensitivity over a broad range of spatial frequencies also improved, with a 4.09-octave bandwidth of perceptual learning, exhibiting specificity to the trained spatial frequency as well as a relatively large degree of generalization. The improvements in the modulation sensitivity function (MSF) were not significantly different between the trained and untrained eyes. Furthermore, training did not significantly change subjects' ability in detecting fir...
Scientific reports, Jan 4, 2015
With abnormal visual cortical development, amblyopia is generally associated with high spatial fr... more With abnormal visual cortical development, amblyopia is generally associated with high spatial frequency deficits in spatial vision. In this study, we aim to answer a critical question: How much high spatial frequency information is available to the amblyopic visual system? We measured the tilt after-effect following adaption to perceptually resolvable and unresolvable sinewave gratings, and showed that gratings with spatial frequency up to 1.5 times the cutoff frequency in grating orientation identification can still produce significant tilt after-effects in adults with amblyopia. Our results suggest that neural connections in the amblyopic visual cortex, at least in V1, may have profoundly developed to represent high spatial frequency information. The demonstration of extant neural connections for high spatial frequencies may have important implications for the development of training protocols for amblyopia treatment. Our paradigm may also serve as a non-invasive probe to diagnos...
Vision Research, 2015
Amblyopia screening during childhood is critical for early detection and successful treatment. In... more Amblyopia screening during childhood is critical for early detection and successful treatment. In the current study, we develop and evaluate a screening method that exploits the imbalanced interocular inhibition between amblyopic and fellow eyes. In nineteen subjects with anisometropic amblyopia and twenty-two age-matched subjects with myopia, we measured the area under the contrast sensitivity functions (AUCSFs) in eight monocular conditions defined by tested eye (left, right), patching of the untested eye (translucent, opaque), and refractive status (corrected, uncorrected). For each test eye, we defined the inhibition index as the ratio between AUCSF values obtained in the translucent and opaque patching conditions of the untested eye. To evaluate the screening potential of the inhibition index, we compared results from patients with amblyopia and myopia. With and without optical correction, the index was significantly lower in the amblyopic eye than in the fellow eye of the amblyopic subjects and both eyes of the myopic subjects. No significant difference was found among the two eyes of the myopic subjects and the fellow eyes of the amblyopic subjects. With the inhibition index as the predictor, a logistic regression model successfully discriminated amblyopic eyes from myopic eyes with 100% accuracy in the uncorrected condition. In the corrected condition, with the inhibition index and interocular visual acuity difference as predictors, amblyopic eyes were likewise discriminated from myopic eyes with 100% accuracy. This pattern of CSF changes, caused by the different patching modes of the untested eye, provides a potential CSF signature to discriminate anisometropic amblyopia from myopia.
Dreaming, 2006
Abstract 1. In the United States, the rise and fall of the opinion that we dream in black and whi... more Abstract 1. In the United States, the rise and fall of the opinion that we dream in black and white coincided with the rise and fall of black and white film media over the course of the 20th century, suggesting that our opinions about the coloration of our dreams are subject to cultural influences. This study generalizes that conclusion cross-culturally. Three groups of Chinese respondents, similar in age but differing in history of colored media exposure, were given questionnaires replicating those of Middleton (1942) and Schwitzgebel (2003). As ...
Vision Research, 2007
This article was originally published in a journal published by Elsevier, and the attached copy i... more This article was originally published in a journal published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues that you know, and providing a copy to your institution's administrator.
Vision Research, 2007
The authors regret that an error appears in the legend to Fig. 3. A minus sign is missing in fron... more The authors regret that an error appears in the legend to Fig. 3. A minus sign is missing in front of ''logMAR units.'' The second sentence of the legend to Fig. 3 should therefore read: ''Both abscissa and ordinate are in-logMAR units.''
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2008
Recent studies have demonstrated that training adult amblyopes in simple visual tasks leads to si... more Recent studies have demonstrated that training adult amblyopes in simple visual tasks leads to significant improvements of their spatial vision. One critical question is: How much can training with one particular stimulus and task generalize to other stimuli and tasks? In this study, we estimated the bandwidth of perceptual learning in teenage and adult observers with anisometropic amblyopia and compared it to that of normal observers. We measured and compared contrast sensitivity functions—i.e., sensitivity to sine-wave gratings of various spatial frequencies—before and after training at a single spatial frequency in teenagers and adults with and without amblyopia. We found that the bandwidth of perceptual learning in the amblyopic visual system is much broader than that of the normal visual system. The broader bandwidth, suggesting more plasticity and wider generalization in the amblyopic visual system, provides a strong empirical and theoretical basis for perceptual learning as a...
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2011
Perceptual learning refers to the phenomenon that practice or training in perceptual tasks often ... more Perceptual learning refers to the phenomenon that practice or training in perceptual tasks often substantially improves perceptual performance. Often exhibiting stimulus or task specificities, perceptual learning differs from learning in the cognitive or motor domains. Research on perceptual learning reveals important plasticity in adult perceptual systems, and as well as the limitations in the information processing of the human observer. In this article, we review the behavioral results, mechanisms, physiological basis, computational models, and applications of visual perceptual learning.
Journal of Vision, 2013
proportional to the product of the signal strengths in the two eyes after contrast gain control, ... more proportional to the product of the signal strengths in the two eyes after contrast gain control, and perceived contrast is computed by combining contrast energy from the two eyes. The new model provided an excellent account of our data (r 2 ¼ 0.945), as well as some challenging results in the literature.
Journal of Vision, 2009
Using a suprathreshold binocular summation paradigm developed by J. Ding and G. Sperling (2006, 2... more Using a suprathreshold binocular summation paradigm developed by J. Ding and G. Sperling (2006, 2007) for normal observers, we investigated suprathreshold cyclopean perception in anisometropic amblyopia. In this paradigm, two suprathreshold sinewave gratings of the same spatial frequency but different spatial phases are presented to the left and right eyes of the observer. The perceived phase of the binocularly combined cyclopean image is measured as a function of the contrast ratio between the images in the two eyes. We found that both eyes contributed equally in normal subjects. However, stimulus of equal contrast was weighted much less in the amblyopic eye relative to the fellow eye in binocular combination. For the five amblyopes, the effective contrast of the amblyopic eye in binocular combination is equal to about 11%-28% of the same contrast presented to the fellow eye, much less than the ratio of contrast sensitivity between the two eyes (0.73-1.42). The results from the current study have many important implications in amblyopia research and treatment.
Journal of Vision, 2010
... Chang-Bing Huang Author Home Page changbih{at}usc.edu 1,; Jiawei Zhou Author Home Page zhoujw... more ... Chang-Bing Huang Author Home Page changbih{at}usc.edu 1,; Jiawei Zhou Author Home Page zhoujw{at}mail.ustc.edu.cn 2 ... phase-dependent effect in binocular detection is reversed and enlarged when gratings were displayed in either narrowband (Henning &amp; Hertz, 1973) or ...
Current Biology, 2010
Background: Perceptual learning has been documented in adult humans over a wide range of tasks. A... more Background: Perceptual learning has been documented in adult humans over a wide range of tasks. Although the oftenobserved specificity of learning is generally interpreted as evidence for training-induced plasticity in early cortical areas, physiological evidence for training-induced changes in early visual cortical areas is modest, despite reports of learninginduced changes of cortical activities in fMRI studies. To reveal the physiological bases of perceptual learning, we combined psychophysical measurements with extracellular single-unit recording under anesthetized preparations and examined the effects of training in grating orientation identification on both perceptual and neuronal contrast sensitivity functions of cats. Results: We have found that training significantly improved perceptual contrast sensitivity of the cats to gratings with spatial frequencies near the ''trained'' spatial frequency, with stronger effects in the trained eye. Consistent with behavioral assessments, the mean contrast sensitivity of neurons recorded from V1 of the trained cats was significantly higher than that of neurons recorded from the untrained cats. Furthermore, in the trained cats, the contrast sensitivity of V1 neurons responding preferentially to stimuli presented via the trained eyes was significantly greater than that of neurons responding preferentially to stimuli presented via the ''untrained'' eyes. The effect was confined to the trained spatial frequencies. In both trained and untrained cats, the neuronal contrast sensitivity functions derived from the contrast sensitivity of the individual neurons were highly correlated with behaviorally determined perceptual contrast sensitivity functions. Conclusions: We suggest that training-induced neuronal contrast gain in area V1 underlies behaviorally determined perceptual contrast sensitivity improvements.