Cha-oncin Sooksriwong - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Cha-oncin Sooksriwong
Haemophilia, Jun 4, 2012
plication in patients with AH. There was one case report of gallbladder haematoma in SLE patients... more plication in patients with AH. There was one case report of gallbladder haematoma in SLE patients with AH [8]. No history of cholecystitis or cholelithiasis was documented and vasculitis with SLE was not detected in the autopsy in that report. In our case, the elevation of the pressure in gallbladder by choledocholithiasis and the haemorrhagic diathesis were regarded as main cause of the gallbladder rupture. The result of the present case suggests that we should have added cyclophosphamide earlier and considered the treatment with rituximab. This case highlights that AH is a rare but severe complication with MCD regardless of the activity of MCD, and the difficulty of treatment for AH. Acknowledgements
Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 2012
Journal of Health Science วารสารวิชาการสาธารณสุข, May 1, 2012
This study was a cross-sectional descriptive research. The objective was to evaluate the efficien... more This study was a cross-sectional descriptive research. The objective was to evaluate the efficiencyof herbal production in a community hospital based on a production unit perspective. Thedata of U-thong Hospital in the fiscal year 2003 collected during January-March 2004 was used asa case study. The efficiency was evaluated by conducting cost-benefit analysis, payback perioddetermination, and productivity evaluation. Cost-benefit analysis was used to measure the worth ofthe program. The standard method was employed to analyze production cost covering both directand indirect costs, while benefits were revenues from sales. To evaluate productivity, the productivityindex formulated by the Thailand Productivity Institute was used to determine the ability onconverting inputs into outputs, comparing with small modern drug industries.Results revealed that 76 herbal products were produced in the fiscal year 2003. The cost ofherbal production was 2,322,521 baht and the revenue was 2,422,848 baht. As a result, net benefitwas 100,326 baht and benefit to cost ratio was 1.04. The payback period was 2 years and 6 months.For productivity evaluation, it was found that the herbal production was a labor intensive industryand the ability to use resources for generating profit was equal to the average obtained from privateindustry. Regarding sensitivity analysis, discount rates which varied to 0 percent and 3 percent didnot shift the net benefit to negative value. However, the 10 percent increased prices of materialsused in production process resulted in negative net benefit. Regarding the payback period, theassumption on the herbal production as a new investment in the fiscal year 2003 resulted in a paybackperiod of 6 years and 5 months.These findings indicated that herbal production was rather worthwhile. The return period ofthe program investment was rather short. Moreover, the ability on generating profit was equal tothat of other manufacturers. However, before generalizing the results of this study, there were twonotes of concern. The first is that this production unit did not reach GMP standards. Another is thatthe expense of marketing activities was unaccounted for. Key words : efficiency, cost-benefit analysis, productivity, payback period, evaluation, herbal production,community hospital
Value in Health, 1999
measured prospectively from the societal perspective for 90 days after randomization; the primary... more measured prospectively from the societal perspective for 90 days after randomization; the primary outcome was survival at 90 days. The cost and mortality differences were estimated using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 221 patients received the genderappropriate dosage of tirilazad and 235 received vehicle.
Journal of Health Science วารสารวิชาการสาธารณสุข, Oct 15, 2014
By the year 2003, a research supported by Thai Food and Drug Administration revealed that new ove... more By the year 2003, a research supported by Thai Food and Drug Administration revealed that new over-the counter drug label with consumers’ drug information area created more understanding This is a continuing research aimed to design labels and test for appropriateness in correctness and ease in ability to find information, and also its attractiveness. It was an analytical research; data were collected through focus group meeting, in-depth interview, and consumers’ reading ability test. Descriptive and analytic statistics were used where appropriate. Result 1) It was agreed by the academic experts that the information showed in the label showed in the label should consisted of : generic name, list and amount of all active ingredients, expiratory date, waring, manufacturing date, product group (dangerous drug, special controlled drug, for external use, for local application, household remedies) , amount contained, contact address, and registration number. 2 Consumers’ reading ability test: new label offers higher easier scores and higher scores of correctness in finding information (p<0.05). More than 90 percents of the consumers could recall the products’ trade names and the colors of the packages. They accepted that new label provider information for correct and safety drug utilization. So, the existing label should label be changed in order to increase the consumer protection. Key words : drug label, over the counter drug
Haemophilia, 2012
plication in patients with AH. There was one case report of gallbladder haematoma in SLE patients... more plication in patients with AH. There was one case report of gallbladder haematoma in SLE patients with AH [8]. No history of cholecystitis or cholelithiasis was documented and vasculitis with SLE was not detected in the autopsy in that report. In our case, the elevation of the pressure in gallbladder by choledocholithiasis and the haemorrhagic diathesis were regarded as main cause of the gallbladder rupture. The result of the present case suggests that we should have added cyclophosphamide earlier and considered the treatment with rituximab. This case highlights that AH is a rare but severe complication with MCD regardless of the activity of MCD, and the difficulty of treatment for AH. Acknowledgements
Public Health, 2015
Objectives: This study aimed to conduct an economic analysis of the transition of the conventiona... more Objectives: This study aimed to conduct an economic analysis of the transition of the conventional vaccine supply and logistics systems to the vendor managed inventory (VMI) system in Thailand. Study design: Cost analysis of health care program. Methods: An ingredients based approach was used to design the survey and collect data for an economic analysis of the immunization supply and logistics systems covering procurement, storage and distribution of vaccines from the central level to the lowest level of vaccine administration facility. Costs were presented in 2010 US dollar. Results: The total cost of the vaccination program including cost of vaccine procured and logistics under the conventional system was US$0.60 per packed volume procured (cm 3) and US$1.35 per dose procured compared to US$0.66 per packed volume procured (cm 3) and US$1.43 per dose procured under the VMI system. However, the findings revealed that the transition to the VMI system and outsourcing of the supply chain system reduced the cost of immunization program at US$6.6 million per year because of reduction of un-opened vaccine wastage. Conclusions: The findings demonstrated that the new supply chain system would result in efficiency improvement and potential savings to the immunization program compared to the conventional system.
Objectives: The main goal of this study was to document the situation of medicine prices in publi... more Objectives: The main goal of this study was to document the situation of medicine prices in public and private health sectors for policy recommendation. Methods: A field study to measure prices of selected medicines was undertaken in Thailand using a standardized methodology developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Health Action International (HAI). Prices of 43 medicines were measured in health facilities and pharmacies in the capital city and three districts in different parts of Thailand. Medicine prices were expressed as the ratios relative to a standard set of international reference prices (median price ratio or MPR). Results: The public sector procured generics and innovator brands at 1.46 and 3.3 MPR while patients paid 2.55 and 4.36 MPR, respectively. Private pharmacies procured lowest price generics at 1.48 MPR and innovator brands at 9.67 MPR. Because of no medicine pricing policy in Thailand, it was found that between public and private sectors, among differe...
Journal of Health Research, 2012
The study enhanced understanding of factors that determine smoking behavior of college student by... more The study enhanced understanding of factors that determine smoking behavior of college student by including willingness to smoke variable into the theory of planned behavior model (TPB). It was expected that the modified model incorporating willingness and its antecedent constructs i.e., prototypes or social images would provide more predictive validity to intention and smoking behavior. College students (N=769) completed questionnaires measuring sociodemographic information, affective attitudes, instrumental attitudes, descriptive norms, injunctive norms, PBC, intention, willingness, prototypes, perceived risks, and smoking behavior. Structural equation models revealed that in the modified model, variance of willingness to smoke was explained by 18%, intention to smoke 40.6%, and smoking behavior 17.6% whereas TPB constructs under the nest of the modified model, i.e., affective attitudes, instrumental attitudes, descriptive norms, injunctive norms, and PBC could explain 33.8% of va...
Haemophilia is a sex-linked hereditary bleeding disorder disease. Haemophiliapatients suffer from... more Haemophilia is a sex-linked hereditary bleeding disorder disease. Haemophiliapatients suffer from the disability to control blood clotting throughout their entire life. Theobjective of this study is to determine number of Thai haemophilia-A patient by usingcomputer model simulation. The number of patient was forecasted from electronic database ofhaemophilia-A patient who registered at National health security office (NHSO) from year2008-2012. The model was created to forecast the number of Thai haemophilia-A patient byusing Stella® software during 2013 to 2023. This model was composed of 3 types accordingto severity of the disease; mild, moderate and severe. Each model contained 2 levels; the toplevel and the sub level. The precision of model was evaluated with reference mode and will beaccepted at the number of patient which less than 10% varied from reference database. Incomparison with the actual data, the differences in number of patient reported from eachmodel was noted as foll...
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2009
BACKGROUND In Thailand there is no regulation and standard guideline to control the quality of dr... more BACKGROUND In Thailand there is no regulation and standard guideline to control the quality of drug transportation, including cold storage drugs. OBJECTIVE To explore the condition of cold storage drugs transportation and delivery to general public hospitals, community hospitals and private hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHOD This is a cross-sectional survey research. There were 301 questionnaires returned from 720 questionnaires sent (41.8% response rate) RESULTS The serious problems of cold storage drugs on delivery were (1) Cold storage drugs (2 degrees C - 8 degrees C) were delivered to the hospitals without controlled temperature boxes, was found in private, public and community hospitals at the rate of 46.7%, 48.3% and 72.9% respectively. (2) Cold storage drugs (-20 "C), i.e., polio vaccine came to the hospitals with a temperature higher than 8C or ice melting in the box, was found in private, public and community hospitals at the rate of 22.9%, 12.7% and 35.0% respectively. C...
Journal of Health Science, 2017
Various countries, including Thailand, have faced an increasing burden in health care expenditure... more Various countries, including Thailand, have faced an increasing burden in health care expenditure mainly caused by the increase in drug spending. Consequently, many of them have established the medicine price control policy to encounter the problem. Thailand, however, has not yet developed any. A study on the international medicine pricing system would be beneficial to the development of such system in Thailand. The objectives of this study were to study the international medicine pricing and medicine price control system as well as its impacts on medicine price and expenditure. Systematic review was conducted by searching through two electronic databases, PubMed and ScienceDirect, and other sources of information such as internet, books, and articles during January-February 2008. Results from twenty articles which had met the inclusion criteria and other related information revealed that medicine pricing and control system differed from country to country, European Union, Aus...
The study aimed to determine the frequency and types of dispensing errors identified by pharmacis... more The study aimed to determine the frequency and types of dispensing errors identified by pharmacists in the final checking; to explore the work flow of the medication dispensing system at the Outpatient Department (OPD) department University hospital; and to make recommendation for their prevention using system and human approach. Study design was descriptive retrospectively and setting in a University hospital. Medication error data were collected from medication error reporting program. Workflow, input, process and output observations were employed as well. Data analyzed by descriptive statistics. During 28 days of study length, it was recorded 20,775 prescriptions or 741 prescription/day. Dispensing errors reported were 348 events (1.67%). Prevalence of prescribing error, dosage error, and preparation error were 44.8%, 32.2% and 25.9% respectively. Average item per prescription 3.8 item/prescription. Potential errors can be occurred when items of drug increasing. Work flow of disp...
Journal of Health Management
Background: There has been a big challenge facing hospital management in dealing with migrant pat... more Background: There has been a big challenge facing hospital management in dealing with migrant patients with HIV/AIDS as a result of insufficient health care workers and increased hospital budget. This study aims to analyse the current situation and to propose a management model on service delivery among HIV/AIDS migrant patients in a hospital setting. Methods: A qualitative research method was conducted at Samut Sakhon province using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) with 32 key informants from hospitals, provincial health offices, non-government organizations (NGOs) and health policymakers. The context, input, process and product (CIPP) framework was applied to analyse the current situation and the findings from the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis helped design a management model of HIV/AIDS care. Results: A HIV/AIDS management model was developed, consisting of key components in three levels: national enforcement of migrant reg...
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2011
OBJECTIVE Thailand does not currently require Budget Impact Analysis (BIA) assessment. The presen... more OBJECTIVE Thailand does not currently require Budget Impact Analysis (BIA) assessment. The present study aimed to estimate the annual drug cost and the incremental impact on the hospital pharmaceutical budget of the introduction of pemetrexed to a Thai teaching hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD The budget impact model was conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for preparing submissions to the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC). The model variables consisted of number of patients, growth rate of lung cancer, uptake rate of pemetrexed over time, unit prices of drugs, and the length and cost of treatment. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine changes in budgetary impact due to variation of parameters or assumptions in the model. RESULTS The introduction of pemetrexed was estimated to cause considerable costs for the teaching hospital. In the base-case analysis, the incremental costs were estimated at 8,553,984 Baht in the first year increasing to 12, 118, 144 ...
Objectives: The main goal of this study was to document the situation of medicine prices in publi... more Objectives: The main goal of this study was to document the situation of medicine prices in public and private health sectors for policy recommendation. Methods: A field study to measure prices of selected medicines was undertaken in Thailand using a standardized methodology developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Health Action International (HAI). Prices of 43 medicines were measured in health facilities and pharmacies in the capital city and three districts in different parts of Thailand. Medicine prices were expressed as the ratios relative to a standard set of international reference prices (median price ratio or MPR). Results: The public sector procured generics and innovator brands at 1.46 and 3.3 MPR while patients paid 2.55 and 4.36 MPR, respectively. Private pharmacies procured lowest price generics at 1.48 MPR and innovator brands at 9.67 MPR. Because of no medicine pricing policy in Thailand, it was found that between public and private sectors, among differe...
Drug shortage affects patient’s life, especially life-saving medicines. The main objective of the... more Drug shortage affects patient’s life, especially life-saving medicines. The main objective of the study was to analyze the retrospective consumption data from 2016 in order to optimize the inventory management of vital drugs. 136 of vital drug items were categorized by ABC (Always Better Control) and FSN (Fast, slow and non-moving) matrix and analyzed the consumption patterns of vital drugs in each group. Total consumption value for vital drugs during 2016 were 361,091,149 Thai Baht. ABC and FSN matrix were sub-categorized into Category I (AF, AS, AN, BF, CF), Category II (BS, BN CS) and Category III (CN). Irregular consumption patterns from Category I and II, required special attention regarding stock control to overcome shortage and oversupply. Although Category III consists of non-moving items, these drugs have to be in stock in sufficient amount for emergency issues. Depending on the nature of consumption patterns, different inventory control methods are necessary for different ...
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2011
Thailand does not currently require Budget Impact Analysis (BIA) assessment. The present study ai... more Thailand does not currently require Budget Impact Analysis (BIA) assessment. The present study aimed to estimate the annual drug cost and the incremental impact on the hospital pharmaceutical budget of the introduction of pemetrexed to a Thai teaching hospital. The budget impact model was conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for preparing submissions to the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC). The model variables consisted of number of patients, growth rate of lung cancer, uptake rate of pemetrexed over time, unit prices of drugs, and the length and cost of treatment. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine changes in budgetary impact due to variation of parameters or assumptions in the model. The introduction of pemetrexed was estimated to cause considerable costs for the teaching hospital. In the base-case analysis, the incremental costs were estimated at 8,553,984 Baht in the first year increasing to 12, 118, 144 Baht, 17,820,800 Baht and 17,820,800 B...
Haemophilia, Jun 4, 2012
plication in patients with AH. There was one case report of gallbladder haematoma in SLE patients... more plication in patients with AH. There was one case report of gallbladder haematoma in SLE patients with AH [8]. No history of cholecystitis or cholelithiasis was documented and vasculitis with SLE was not detected in the autopsy in that report. In our case, the elevation of the pressure in gallbladder by choledocholithiasis and the haemorrhagic diathesis were regarded as main cause of the gallbladder rupture. The result of the present case suggests that we should have added cyclophosphamide earlier and considered the treatment with rituximab. This case highlights that AH is a rare but severe complication with MCD regardless of the activity of MCD, and the difficulty of treatment for AH. Acknowledgements
Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 2012
Journal of Health Science วารสารวิชาการสาธารณสุข, May 1, 2012
This study was a cross-sectional descriptive research. The objective was to evaluate the efficien... more This study was a cross-sectional descriptive research. The objective was to evaluate the efficiencyof herbal production in a community hospital based on a production unit perspective. Thedata of U-thong Hospital in the fiscal year 2003 collected during January-March 2004 was used asa case study. The efficiency was evaluated by conducting cost-benefit analysis, payback perioddetermination, and productivity evaluation. Cost-benefit analysis was used to measure the worth ofthe program. The standard method was employed to analyze production cost covering both directand indirect costs, while benefits were revenues from sales. To evaluate productivity, the productivityindex formulated by the Thailand Productivity Institute was used to determine the ability onconverting inputs into outputs, comparing with small modern drug industries.Results revealed that 76 herbal products were produced in the fiscal year 2003. The cost ofherbal production was 2,322,521 baht and the revenue was 2,422,848 baht. As a result, net benefitwas 100,326 baht and benefit to cost ratio was 1.04. The payback period was 2 years and 6 months.For productivity evaluation, it was found that the herbal production was a labor intensive industryand the ability to use resources for generating profit was equal to the average obtained from privateindustry. Regarding sensitivity analysis, discount rates which varied to 0 percent and 3 percent didnot shift the net benefit to negative value. However, the 10 percent increased prices of materialsused in production process resulted in negative net benefit. Regarding the payback period, theassumption on the herbal production as a new investment in the fiscal year 2003 resulted in a paybackperiod of 6 years and 5 months.These findings indicated that herbal production was rather worthwhile. The return period ofthe program investment was rather short. Moreover, the ability on generating profit was equal tothat of other manufacturers. However, before generalizing the results of this study, there were twonotes of concern. The first is that this production unit did not reach GMP standards. Another is thatthe expense of marketing activities was unaccounted for. Key words : efficiency, cost-benefit analysis, productivity, payback period, evaluation, herbal production,community hospital
Value in Health, 1999
measured prospectively from the societal perspective for 90 days after randomization; the primary... more measured prospectively from the societal perspective for 90 days after randomization; the primary outcome was survival at 90 days. The cost and mortality differences were estimated using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 221 patients received the genderappropriate dosage of tirilazad and 235 received vehicle.
Journal of Health Science วารสารวิชาการสาธารณสุข, Oct 15, 2014
By the year 2003, a research supported by Thai Food and Drug Administration revealed that new ove... more By the year 2003, a research supported by Thai Food and Drug Administration revealed that new over-the counter drug label with consumers’ drug information area created more understanding This is a continuing research aimed to design labels and test for appropriateness in correctness and ease in ability to find information, and also its attractiveness. It was an analytical research; data were collected through focus group meeting, in-depth interview, and consumers’ reading ability test. Descriptive and analytic statistics were used where appropriate. Result 1) It was agreed by the academic experts that the information showed in the label showed in the label should consisted of : generic name, list and amount of all active ingredients, expiratory date, waring, manufacturing date, product group (dangerous drug, special controlled drug, for external use, for local application, household remedies) , amount contained, contact address, and registration number. 2 Consumers’ reading ability test: new label offers higher easier scores and higher scores of correctness in finding information (p<0.05). More than 90 percents of the consumers could recall the products’ trade names and the colors of the packages. They accepted that new label provider information for correct and safety drug utilization. So, the existing label should label be changed in order to increase the consumer protection. Key words : drug label, over the counter drug
Haemophilia, 2012
plication in patients with AH. There was one case report of gallbladder haematoma in SLE patients... more plication in patients with AH. There was one case report of gallbladder haematoma in SLE patients with AH [8]. No history of cholecystitis or cholelithiasis was documented and vasculitis with SLE was not detected in the autopsy in that report. In our case, the elevation of the pressure in gallbladder by choledocholithiasis and the haemorrhagic diathesis were regarded as main cause of the gallbladder rupture. The result of the present case suggests that we should have added cyclophosphamide earlier and considered the treatment with rituximab. This case highlights that AH is a rare but severe complication with MCD regardless of the activity of MCD, and the difficulty of treatment for AH. Acknowledgements
Public Health, 2015
Objectives: This study aimed to conduct an economic analysis of the transition of the conventiona... more Objectives: This study aimed to conduct an economic analysis of the transition of the conventional vaccine supply and logistics systems to the vendor managed inventory (VMI) system in Thailand. Study design: Cost analysis of health care program. Methods: An ingredients based approach was used to design the survey and collect data for an economic analysis of the immunization supply and logistics systems covering procurement, storage and distribution of vaccines from the central level to the lowest level of vaccine administration facility. Costs were presented in 2010 US dollar. Results: The total cost of the vaccination program including cost of vaccine procured and logistics under the conventional system was US$0.60 per packed volume procured (cm 3) and US$1.35 per dose procured compared to US$0.66 per packed volume procured (cm 3) and US$1.43 per dose procured under the VMI system. However, the findings revealed that the transition to the VMI system and outsourcing of the supply chain system reduced the cost of immunization program at US$6.6 million per year because of reduction of un-opened vaccine wastage. Conclusions: The findings demonstrated that the new supply chain system would result in efficiency improvement and potential savings to the immunization program compared to the conventional system.
Objectives: The main goal of this study was to document the situation of medicine prices in publi... more Objectives: The main goal of this study was to document the situation of medicine prices in public and private health sectors for policy recommendation. Methods: A field study to measure prices of selected medicines was undertaken in Thailand using a standardized methodology developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Health Action International (HAI). Prices of 43 medicines were measured in health facilities and pharmacies in the capital city and three districts in different parts of Thailand. Medicine prices were expressed as the ratios relative to a standard set of international reference prices (median price ratio or MPR). Results: The public sector procured generics and innovator brands at 1.46 and 3.3 MPR while patients paid 2.55 and 4.36 MPR, respectively. Private pharmacies procured lowest price generics at 1.48 MPR and innovator brands at 9.67 MPR. Because of no medicine pricing policy in Thailand, it was found that between public and private sectors, among differe...
Journal of Health Research, 2012
The study enhanced understanding of factors that determine smoking behavior of college student by... more The study enhanced understanding of factors that determine smoking behavior of college student by including willingness to smoke variable into the theory of planned behavior model (TPB). It was expected that the modified model incorporating willingness and its antecedent constructs i.e., prototypes or social images would provide more predictive validity to intention and smoking behavior. College students (N=769) completed questionnaires measuring sociodemographic information, affective attitudes, instrumental attitudes, descriptive norms, injunctive norms, PBC, intention, willingness, prototypes, perceived risks, and smoking behavior. Structural equation models revealed that in the modified model, variance of willingness to smoke was explained by 18%, intention to smoke 40.6%, and smoking behavior 17.6% whereas TPB constructs under the nest of the modified model, i.e., affective attitudes, instrumental attitudes, descriptive norms, injunctive norms, and PBC could explain 33.8% of va...
Haemophilia is a sex-linked hereditary bleeding disorder disease. Haemophiliapatients suffer from... more Haemophilia is a sex-linked hereditary bleeding disorder disease. Haemophiliapatients suffer from the disability to control blood clotting throughout their entire life. Theobjective of this study is to determine number of Thai haemophilia-A patient by usingcomputer model simulation. The number of patient was forecasted from electronic database ofhaemophilia-A patient who registered at National health security office (NHSO) from year2008-2012. The model was created to forecast the number of Thai haemophilia-A patient byusing Stella® software during 2013 to 2023. This model was composed of 3 types accordingto severity of the disease; mild, moderate and severe. Each model contained 2 levels; the toplevel and the sub level. The precision of model was evaluated with reference mode and will beaccepted at the number of patient which less than 10% varied from reference database. Incomparison with the actual data, the differences in number of patient reported from eachmodel was noted as foll...
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2009
BACKGROUND In Thailand there is no regulation and standard guideline to control the quality of dr... more BACKGROUND In Thailand there is no regulation and standard guideline to control the quality of drug transportation, including cold storage drugs. OBJECTIVE To explore the condition of cold storage drugs transportation and delivery to general public hospitals, community hospitals and private hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHOD This is a cross-sectional survey research. There were 301 questionnaires returned from 720 questionnaires sent (41.8% response rate) RESULTS The serious problems of cold storage drugs on delivery were (1) Cold storage drugs (2 degrees C - 8 degrees C) were delivered to the hospitals without controlled temperature boxes, was found in private, public and community hospitals at the rate of 46.7%, 48.3% and 72.9% respectively. (2) Cold storage drugs (-20 "C), i.e., polio vaccine came to the hospitals with a temperature higher than 8C or ice melting in the box, was found in private, public and community hospitals at the rate of 22.9%, 12.7% and 35.0% respectively. C...
Journal of Health Science, 2017
Various countries, including Thailand, have faced an increasing burden in health care expenditure... more Various countries, including Thailand, have faced an increasing burden in health care expenditure mainly caused by the increase in drug spending. Consequently, many of them have established the medicine price control policy to encounter the problem. Thailand, however, has not yet developed any. A study on the international medicine pricing system would be beneficial to the development of such system in Thailand. The objectives of this study were to study the international medicine pricing and medicine price control system as well as its impacts on medicine price and expenditure. Systematic review was conducted by searching through two electronic databases, PubMed and ScienceDirect, and other sources of information such as internet, books, and articles during January-February 2008. Results from twenty articles which had met the inclusion criteria and other related information revealed that medicine pricing and control system differed from country to country, European Union, Aus...
The study aimed to determine the frequency and types of dispensing errors identified by pharmacis... more The study aimed to determine the frequency and types of dispensing errors identified by pharmacists in the final checking; to explore the work flow of the medication dispensing system at the Outpatient Department (OPD) department University hospital; and to make recommendation for their prevention using system and human approach. Study design was descriptive retrospectively and setting in a University hospital. Medication error data were collected from medication error reporting program. Workflow, input, process and output observations were employed as well. Data analyzed by descriptive statistics. During 28 days of study length, it was recorded 20,775 prescriptions or 741 prescription/day. Dispensing errors reported were 348 events (1.67%). Prevalence of prescribing error, dosage error, and preparation error were 44.8%, 32.2% and 25.9% respectively. Average item per prescription 3.8 item/prescription. Potential errors can be occurred when items of drug increasing. Work flow of disp...
Journal of Health Management
Background: There has been a big challenge facing hospital management in dealing with migrant pat... more Background: There has been a big challenge facing hospital management in dealing with migrant patients with HIV/AIDS as a result of insufficient health care workers and increased hospital budget. This study aims to analyse the current situation and to propose a management model on service delivery among HIV/AIDS migrant patients in a hospital setting. Methods: A qualitative research method was conducted at Samut Sakhon province using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) with 32 key informants from hospitals, provincial health offices, non-government organizations (NGOs) and health policymakers. The context, input, process and product (CIPP) framework was applied to analyse the current situation and the findings from the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis helped design a management model of HIV/AIDS care. Results: A HIV/AIDS management model was developed, consisting of key components in three levels: national enforcement of migrant reg...
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2011
OBJECTIVE Thailand does not currently require Budget Impact Analysis (BIA) assessment. The presen... more OBJECTIVE Thailand does not currently require Budget Impact Analysis (BIA) assessment. The present study aimed to estimate the annual drug cost and the incremental impact on the hospital pharmaceutical budget of the introduction of pemetrexed to a Thai teaching hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD The budget impact model was conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for preparing submissions to the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC). The model variables consisted of number of patients, growth rate of lung cancer, uptake rate of pemetrexed over time, unit prices of drugs, and the length and cost of treatment. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine changes in budgetary impact due to variation of parameters or assumptions in the model. RESULTS The introduction of pemetrexed was estimated to cause considerable costs for the teaching hospital. In the base-case analysis, the incremental costs were estimated at 8,553,984 Baht in the first year increasing to 12, 118, 144 ...
Objectives: The main goal of this study was to document the situation of medicine prices in publi... more Objectives: The main goal of this study was to document the situation of medicine prices in public and private health sectors for policy recommendation. Methods: A field study to measure prices of selected medicines was undertaken in Thailand using a standardized methodology developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Health Action International (HAI). Prices of 43 medicines were measured in health facilities and pharmacies in the capital city and three districts in different parts of Thailand. Medicine prices were expressed as the ratios relative to a standard set of international reference prices (median price ratio or MPR). Results: The public sector procured generics and innovator brands at 1.46 and 3.3 MPR while patients paid 2.55 and 4.36 MPR, respectively. Private pharmacies procured lowest price generics at 1.48 MPR and innovator brands at 9.67 MPR. Because of no medicine pricing policy in Thailand, it was found that between public and private sectors, among differe...
Drug shortage affects patient’s life, especially life-saving medicines. The main objective of the... more Drug shortage affects patient’s life, especially life-saving medicines. The main objective of the study was to analyze the retrospective consumption data from 2016 in order to optimize the inventory management of vital drugs. 136 of vital drug items were categorized by ABC (Always Better Control) and FSN (Fast, slow and non-moving) matrix and analyzed the consumption patterns of vital drugs in each group. Total consumption value for vital drugs during 2016 were 361,091,149 Thai Baht. ABC and FSN matrix were sub-categorized into Category I (AF, AS, AN, BF, CF), Category II (BS, BN CS) and Category III (CN). Irregular consumption patterns from Category I and II, required special attention regarding stock control to overcome shortage and oversupply. Although Category III consists of non-moving items, these drugs have to be in stock in sufficient amount for emergency issues. Depending on the nature of consumption patterns, different inventory control methods are necessary for different ...
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2011
Thailand does not currently require Budget Impact Analysis (BIA) assessment. The present study ai... more Thailand does not currently require Budget Impact Analysis (BIA) assessment. The present study aimed to estimate the annual drug cost and the incremental impact on the hospital pharmaceutical budget of the introduction of pemetrexed to a Thai teaching hospital. The budget impact model was conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for preparing submissions to the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC). The model variables consisted of number of patients, growth rate of lung cancer, uptake rate of pemetrexed over time, unit prices of drugs, and the length and cost of treatment. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine changes in budgetary impact due to variation of parameters or assumptions in the model. The introduction of pemetrexed was estimated to cause considerable costs for the teaching hospital. In the base-case analysis, the incremental costs were estimated at 8,553,984 Baht in the first year increasing to 12, 118, 144 Baht, 17,820,800 Baht and 17,820,800 B...