Duane Chapman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Duane Chapman

Journal of Fish Biology, May 1, 2009

Based upon morphological characters, Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp Hyp... more Based upon morphological characters, Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (or Aristichthys nobilis) have been classified into either the same genus or two distinct genera. Consequently, the taxonomic relationship of the two species at the generic level remains equivocal. This issue is addressed by sequencing complete mitochondrial genomes of H. molitrix and H. nobilis, comparing their mitogenome organization, structure and sequence similarity, and conducting a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of cyprinid species. As with other cyprinid fishes, the mitogenomes of the two species were structurally conserved, containing 37 genes including 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNAs) genes and a putative control region (D-loop). Sequence similarity between the two mitogenomes varied in different genes or regions, being highest in the tRNA genes (98•8%), lowest in the control region (89•4%) and intermediate in the protein-coding genes (94•2%). Analyses of the sequence comparison and phylogeny using concatenated protein sequences support the view that the two species belong to the genus Hypophthalmichthys. Further studies using nuclear markers and involving more closely related species, and the systematic combination of traditional biology and molecular biology are needed in order to confirm this conclusion.

PLOS ONE

Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, is an herbivorous fish originally brought to North America fr... more Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, is an herbivorous fish originally brought to North America from Asia in 1963 to control nuisance aquatic vegetation. Since their arrival, detrimental alterations to aquatic ecosystems have sometimes occurred in waterways where they were initially stocked and into which they have escaped. The movements of grass carp from lentic systems into tributaries required for spawning is poorly understood, and understanding environmental conditions associated with upstream migrations may aid in management of the species. We stocked 43 fertile diploid and 43 sterile triploid grass carp implanted with acoustic transmitters into Truman Reservoir, Missouri, USA between January 2017 and October 2018 to characterize movements during spring and summer when spawning conditions occur. Twenty fish (11 diploid/9 triploid) exhibited upstream migration behavior in the Osage River, a major tributary, in 2018 and 2019. Migration primarily occurred in April and May, during h...

Invasive Asian Carps in North America, 2011

.—Regulations are one of the few tools available in the aquatic invasive species (AIS) management... more .—Regulations are one of the few tools available in the aquatic invasive species (AIS) management toolbox. In a perfect world, they could be used to effectively prevent spread of AIS from watershed to watershed or from continent to continent. But the regulations needed to prevent invasions by species such as Asian carps in North America and the United States are slow to evolve and used reluctantly by federal authorities because they are heavily influenced by regional and national political and economic considerations. State regulations, on the other hand, suffer from the influence of their own local and regional political and economic issues. Some states maintain strict policies and regulations with regard to Asian carp possession and use, but neighboring states may not. And since 48 of the 50 U.S. states are connected by a vast network of rivers, waterways, streams and roadways, invasions continue to occur and to spread. Consequently, Asian carp management in the United States is largely controlled by “least common denominator” state regulation that applies in a given watershed and beyond. This paper presents an overview of Asian carp regulations in the 50 U.S. states and offers suggestions for improved regulations.

Science of The Total Environment, 2019

Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2018

Hydrobiologia, 2006

Little is known about the reproductive biology of the exotic bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobi... more Little is known about the reproductive biology of the exotic bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the Missouri River. In order to fill this gap in understanding, herein is described the reproductive condition of these Asian carps. Evidence is presented which indicates that bighead and silver carp in the Missouri River have a protracted spawning period that extends from early spring through fall and some individual bighead and silver carp are spawning multiple times during a reproductive season. Although bighead and silver carps are successfully maturing and spawning in the Missouri River some reproductive abnormalities such as intersex, atresia, and sterility were observed. Knowledge of the reproductive activity of these invasive carps may be useful to resource managers tasked with their control. Furthermore, the reproductive abnormalities observed should be considered when evaluating the environmental condition of the Missouri River relative to supporting a healthy fish fauna.

Fisheries, 2018

Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus, Grass Carp Ctenophary... more Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus, Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Silver Carp H. molitrix are considered invasive species in North America and Europe. In North America, they are typically referred to collectively as “Asian carp,” a reference to their native range. The category “Asian carp” fails to acknowledge the cultural value and the ecological differences of these fishes, causes confusion when translated into Chinese, and frequently causes communication problems with the public and occasionally among professionals when some species are intentionally or inadvertently included or excluded when referred to collectively. Herein, we review the long history of aquaculture of these species in China, their human cultural significance, the origin of the category “Asian carp,” and the problems the term “Asian carp” might cause when used in cross‐cultural communication. We recommend discontinuing the use of this term and replacing it with i...

$Research paper thumbnail of Asian Carps of the Genus \u3ci\u3eHypophthalmichthys\u3c/i\u3e (Pisces, Cyprinidae) ― A Biological Synopsis and Environmental Risk Assessment$

Carps of the family Cyprinidae, the largest family of freshwater fishes in the world (Nelson 1994... more Carps of the family Cyprinidae, the largest family of freshwater fishes in the world (Nelson 1994), have long been introduced beyond their native ranges, a practice that continues today. Although carps have been introduced for several centuries, the widespread introduction of the genus Hypophthalmichthys, the bigheaded carps, is a relatively recent phenomenon. All three recognized species of Hypophthalmichthys—H. nobilis, in North America referred to as Bighead Carp; H. molitrix; Silver Carp; and H. harmandi, Largescale Silver Carp—are native to fresh waters of eastern Asia. Largescale Silver Carp have been introduced elsewhere in west-central Asia as a hybrid with Silver Carp but are not known to have been brought to North America. Both Bighead and Silver carps have been introduced to many countries, including the United States, for uses in aquaculture production of food fishes and biological control of plankton in aquaculture ponds, reservoirs, and sewage treatment lagoons. Bighea...

Journal of Great Lakes Research, Feb 1, 2021

Relative contributions of aquaculture-origin and naturally-reproduced grass carp (Ctenopharyngodo... more Relative contributions of aquaculture-origin and naturally-reproduced grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in the Laurentian Great Lakes have been unknown. We assessed occurrence and distribution of aquaculture-origin and wild grass carp in the Great Lakes using ploidy and otolith stable oxygen isotope (d 18 O) data. We inferred natal river and dispersal from natal location for wild grass carp using otolith microchemistry and estimated ages of wild and aquaculture-origin fish to infer years in which natural reproduction and introductions occurred. Otolith d 18 O indicated that the Great Lakes contain a mixture of wild grass carp and both diploid and triploid, aquaculture-origin grass carp. Eighty-eight percent of wild fish (n = 49 of 56) were caught in the Lake Erie basin. Otolith microchemistry indicated that most wild grass carp likely originated in the Sandusky or Maumee rivers where spawning has previously been confirmed, but results suggested recruitment from at least one other Great Lakes tributary may have occurred. Three fish showed evidence of movement between their inferred natal river in western Lake Erie and capture locations in other lakes in the Great Lakes basin. Age estimates indicated that multiple year classes of wild grass carp are present in the Lake Erie basin, recruitment to adulthood has occurred, and introductions of aquaculture-origin fish have happened over multiple years. Knowledge of sources contributing to grass carp in the Great Lakes basin will be useful for informing efforts to prevent further introductions and spread and to develop strategies to contain and control natural recruitment.

Journal of Great Lakes Research, 2021

Biological Invasions

reproduction in the wild is limited. The objectives of this study were to assess relative abundan... more reproduction in the wild is limited. The objectives of this study were to assess relative abundance of aquaculture-origin and wild Black Carp using ploidy and otolith stable isotope analysis, identify spatial extent of natural reproduction using otolith microchemistry, assess age distributions of wild and aquaculturesource Black Carp to infer years in which natural reproduction occurred and timing of aquaculture escapement or introductions, and estimate size and age at maturation to assess whether recruitment to adulthood has occurred. Results revealed that Black Carp are established in parts of the Mississippi River basin based on findings that: (1) non-captive Black Carp primarily consist of fertile, naturally-reproduced fish, (2) reproduction has occurred in several rivers, (3) multiple year classes of wild fish are present, and (4) wild fish have recruited to adulthood. Multiple introductions or escapements of aquaculture-source fish into the wild, including both fertile and functionally sterile individuals, were also inferred. Individual growth appears to be rapid, although considerable variation was observed among fish. Additional study is suggested to refine understanding of where and when Black Carp reproduction is occurring in the Mississippi River basin.

The ISME Journal, Oct 17, 2013

Gut microbiota of invasive Asian silver carp (SVCP) and indigenous planktivorous gizzard shad (GZ... more Gut microbiota of invasive Asian silver carp (SVCP) and indigenous planktivorous gizzard shad (GZSD) in Mississippi river basin were compared using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Analysis of more than 440 000 quality-filtered sequences obtained from the foregut and hindgut of GZSD and SVCP revealed high microbial diversity in these samples. GZSD hindgut (GZSD_H) samples (n ¼ 23) with 47000 operational taxonomy units (OTUs) exhibited the highest alpha-diversity indices followed by SVCP foregut (n ¼ 15), GZSD foregut (n ¼ 9) and SVCP hindgut (SVCP_H) (n ¼ 24). UniFrac distance-based non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that the microbiota of GZSD_H and SVCP_H were clearly separated into two clusters: samples in the GZSD cluster were observed to vary by sampling location and samples in the SVCP cluster by sampling date. NMDS further revealed distinct microbial community between foregut to hindgut for individual GZSD and SVCP. Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were detected as the predominant phyla regardless of fish or gut type. The high abundance of Cyanobacteria observed was possibly supported by their role as the fish's major food source. Furthermore, unique and shared OTUs and OTUs in each gut type were identified, three OTUs from the order Bacteroidales, the genus Bacillariophyta and the genus Clostridium were found significantly more abundant in GZSD_H (14.9-22.8%) than in SVCP_H (0.13-4.1%) samples. These differences were presumably caused by the differences in the type of food sources including bacteria ingested, the gut morphology and digestion, and the physiological behavior between GZSD and SVCP.

North American Journal of Fisheries Management, Aug 31, 2016

Isolation of DNA from fish eggs.-Individual eggs were transferred from their original tubes to mi... more Isolation of DNA from fish eggs.-Individual eggs were transferred from their original tubes to microcentrifuge tubes. If an original sample tube consisted of more than one egg, each egg was placed in a separate microcentrifuge tube, uniquely labeled, and treated as an individual sample. Phosphate-buffered saline (1.0 mL) was added to each tube, and the tube was incubated at 56°C for 48 h. All samples that were originally preserved in a formalin solution were extracted by using the ChargeSwitch Forensic DNA Purification Kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, California) in accordance with the manufacturer's protocol. In addition, a known Grass Carp egg sample that had been preserved in formalin for approximately 1 year was also tested. Every extraction set included at least one negative control. For DNA extraction procedures and all other workflows, clean laboratory practices and appropriate contamination precautions were used. Primer design.-The genetic region that was examined was the cytochrome-c oxidase 1 gene (CO1), which is commonly referred to as the "barcode of life." The CO1 gene has been sequenced for over 138,000 animal species specifically for the purpose of species-level identification. Due to formalin-based DNA degradation, it was not possible to characterize the

Journal of Vertebrate Biology, Dec 28, 2021

BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access t... more BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

The ISME Journal, Jul 26, 2016

Journal of Great Lakes Research, Mar 1, 2012

Bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, silver carp H. molitrix, and grass carp Ctenopharyngodon... more Bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, silver carp H. molitrix, and grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (hereafter Asian carps) have expanded throughout the Mississippi River basin and threaten to invade Lakes Michigan and Erie. Adult bighead carp and grass carp have been captured in Lake Erie, but selfsustaining populations probably do not exist. We examined thermal conditions within Lake Erie to determine if Asian carps would mature, and to estimate time of year when fish would reach spawning condition. We also examined whether thermal and hydrologic conditions in the largest tributaries to western and central Lake Erie were suitable for spawning of Asian carps. We used length of undammed river, predicted summer temperatures, and predicted water velocity during flood events to determine whether sufficient lengths of river are available for spawning of Asian carps. Most rivers we examined have at least 100 km of passable river and summer temperatures suitable (>21 C) for rapid incubation of eggs of Asian carps. Predicted water velocity and temperature were sufficient to ensure that incubating eggs, which drift in the water column, would hatch before reaching Lake Erie for most flood events in most rivers if spawned far enough upstream. The Maumee, Sandusky, and Grand Rivers were predicted to be the most likely to support spawning of Asian carps. The Black, Huron, Portage, and Vermilion Rivers were predicted to be less suitable. The weight of the evidence suggests that the largest western and central Lake Erie tributaries are thermally and hydrologically suitable to support spawning of Asian carps.

U.S. Geological Survey circular, 2023