Charles Bishop - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Charles Bishop
Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing, 2018
Journal of Experimental Biology, 1991
Using the single-channel patch-clamp technique we have recently shown that the peptide cotransmit... more Using the single-channel patch-clamp technique we have recently shown that the peptide cotransmitter proctolin can potentiate the activity of a large (38 pS in DVmmoir 1 Ba 2+ ; 26pS in m m m o l l " 1 Ca 2+), depolarization-inducible Ca 2+ channel in the plasma membrane of the crayfish tonic flexor muscle (Bishop et al. 1991). Parallels between the modulatory effects of the peptide on channel activity and tension generated in the muscle suggest that this channel activation is probably partly responsible for the amplification of tension by proctolin (Bishop et al. 1991). Our initial studies of this phenomenon were performed during the spring and summer of 1988, using excised, inside-out patches. During that time, we found that the addition of 5xlO~9molP 1 proctolin to the bath at least 5min prior to seal formation (this dose gives a maximal response) caused a large increase in the proportion of patches with active channels and enhanced the single-channel open probability, P o , by as much as 40-fold. (Ca 2+ channels remained remarkably active in these excised patches: there was usually no obvious diminution in channel activity for the duration of the recordings; Bishop et al. 1991.) Identical results were obtained during the spring of 1989. In this communication we show that, during the winter months between these two periods, proctolin had virtually no effect on channel activity, indicating a seasonal variability in the potentiating effect of the peptide. Our studies were performed on 5-7.5 cm adult crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, supplied by Niles Biological, Sacramento, which obtained animals from local collectors. Animals were maintained in laboratory tanks (from several days up to 2 months) before use. Tonic flexor muscles were isolated (Fig. 1A) and treated with 0.05-0.15% collagenase IA for 20min. Muscles were bathed in DTmmoll" 1 BaCl 2 (to enhance Ca 2+ channel conductance), lmmoll" 1 CaCl 2 , 2.6mmoir 1 MgCl 2 and lO.lmmoll" 1 Trizma (pH7.0). Patch pipets contained 205mmoll~1 sodium gluconate, 2.6mmoll~1 CaCl 2 , 2.6mmoll~1 MgCl 2 and lO.lmmoll" 1 Trizma (pH7.0). Experiments were performed at 21 °C, using the inside-out patch configuration. This configuration made it possible to identify Ca 2+ currents easily as inward currents in depolarized patches (see Bishop et al.
Journal of Thoracic Surgery, 1956
Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 1981
The semi-preparative separation of underivatised peptide mixtures from the tryptic digestion of t... more The semi-preparative separation of underivatised peptide mixtures from the tryptic digestion of thyroid and pituitary proteins has been accomplished on a 10dp spherical octadecyl-silica stationary phase, Radial Pak A/C18, packed into flexible-walled polyethylene cartridges (10 × 0.8cm). With volatile ionic modifiers, such as ammonium bicarbonate, excellent resolution and peptide recoveries were obtained with this support
Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 1981
... CA Bishop Anac Ltd. , PO Box 5565, Auck and. LJ Meyer, DR Harding, W S. Hancock", Depart... more ... CA Bishop Anac Ltd. , PO Box 5565, Auck and. LJ Meyer, DR Harding, W S. Hancock", Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Massey University, Palmerston North. and ... (25). 66 1 Copyright 0 198 I by Marcel Dekker, Inc. Page 2. 662 BISHOP ET AL. ...
The Journal of Neuroscience, 1987
The Journal of Neuroscience, 1991
The activity of 2 types of Ca*+ channels (38 and 14 pS in 137 mM Ba2+) in the plasma membrane of ... more The activity of 2 types of Ca*+ channels (38 and 14 pS in 137 mM Ba2+) in the plasma membrane of the crayfish tonic flexor muscle is modulated by the peptide proctolin. This peptide serves as a cotransmitter in 3 of the 5 excitatory tonic flexor motoneurons and greatly enhances tension after depolarization by the conventional neurotransmitter. Proctolin alone has no effect on these channels, but renders them capable of sustained activity following depolarization. After depolarization induces activity, 5 x 1 Om9 M proctolin increases the open probability of the larger channel up to 50-fold due to a marked decrease in the mean channel closed time. There is also at least a 4-fold increase in the percentage of patches with active channels for the large channel and a P-fold increase for the small channel. Proctolin modulation appears to occur via an intracellular messenger, possibly CAMP. The peptide's effect on channel activity is dose dependent in a manner that parallels its effect on tension. These results indicate that the activation of these channels and the resulting influx of Ca*+ into the muscle fiber play a role in the potentiation of tension in this muscle. We have been investigating the role of a peptide cotransmitter in the well-studied tonic flexor neuromuscular system in the crayfish. This system consists of 6 identified motoneurons (5 excitatory) and approximately 40 muscle fibers located in each hemisegment in the animal's abdomen, where it controls slow abdominal IIexion (Kennedy and Takeda, 1965; Wine et al., 1974). We have shown that, in addition to the conventional neurotransmitter L-glutamate, 3 of the excitatory motoneurons in this system contain the peptide proctolin (H-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr-OH). Proctolin is released from these motoneurons in response to neural stimulation. Selective depletion ofthe peptide from motoneuron terminals, leaving the levels of the conventional neurotransmitter unchanged, results in a reduction of as much as 50% of tension. Thus, endogenous proctolin appears to be an important contributor to the magnitude of tension generated in this muscle (Bishop et al., 1984, 1987). Proctolin, by itself, does not induce tension in the muscle at any concentration. Rather, it acts directly on the muscle to amplify the depolarization-induced tension of the conventional neurotransmitter. It also lowers the threshold for excitation
Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 1980
... This work was supported by the Medical Research Council of New Zealand. We wish also to ackno... more ... This work was supported by the Medical Research Council of New Zealand. We wish also to acknowledge a grant made to MTW Hearn and WS Hancock by Waters Assoc. Pty. ... Applications of Liquid Chromatography (GL Hawk ed.) Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1979, p.283. ...
The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1962
The rates of equilibration between the keto form of benzoylacetanilide and its anion have been me... more The rates of equilibration between the keto form of benzoylacetanilide and its anion have been measured under the in-The specific rate constante using vanous phosphates and The absorption spectra of each of the or, where the rate is slow enough, the acid ionizes only to a minute extent. Examples of the first case are l,&dicarbonyl compounds, phenols, and naphthols, while most aldehydes and ketones fall fluence of several acids and bases by a steadystate flow method. carbonates at constant. U = 0.375 were shown to fit the Bronsted catalysis.law. species, keto, enol, and anion, were obtained and used to determine the clissoclation constants of the keto and enol forms. With few it is difficult to study the kinetics of acid-base reactions of organic compounds, since either the rate of dissociation of the acid at a convenient pH is too fast for measurement into the second category. expressed as acid-base reactions The equilibria in keto-enol tautomerism can be (1) A. Hsntzsch, Ber., 82, 575 (1899); I). Turnbull and 9. H. Maron,
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1963
... particular acid, respectively. The individual constants for each of the acids are reported in... more ... particular acid, respectively. The individual constants for each of the acids are reported in Table XI. [HzO] assumed to be 55 N kd (6) Page 4. 3994 C. A. BISHOP, RF PORTER, AND LKJ TONG Vol. 85 TABLE VI1 KINETIC DATA ...
Avian Conservation and Ecology, 2013
Although mortality of birds from collisions with vehicles is estimated to be in the millions in t... more Although mortality of birds from collisions with vehicles is estimated to be in the millions in the USA, Europe, and the UK, to date, no estimates exist for Canada. To address this, we calculated an estimate of annual avian mortality attributed to vehicular collisions during the breeding and fledging season, in Canadian ecozones, by applying North American literature values for avian mortality to Canadian road networks. Because owls are particularly susceptible to collisions with vehicles, we also estimated the number of roadkilled Barn owls (Tyto alba) in its last remaining range within Canada. (This species is on the IUCN red list and is also listed federally as threatened; Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada 2010, International Union for the Conservation of Nature 2012). Through seven Canadian studies in existence, 80 species and 2,834 specimens have been found dead on roads representing species from 14 orders of birds. On Canadian 1 and 2-lane paved roads outside of major urban centers, the unadjusted number of bird mortalities/yr during an estimated 4-mo (122-d) breeding and fledging season for most birds in Canada was 4,650,137 on roads traversing through deciduous, coniferous, cropland, wetlands and nonagricultural landscapes with less than 10% treed area. On average, this represents 1,167 birds killed/100 km in Canada. Adjusted for scavenging, this estimate was 13,810,906 (3,462 dead birds/100 km). For barn owls, the unadjusted number of birds killed annually on 4-lane roads during the breeding and fledging season, within the species geographic range in southern British Columbia, was estimated as 244 owls and, when adjusted for scavenging and observer bias (3.6 factor), the total was 851 owls. RÉSUMÉ. Bien que l'estimation de la mortalité aviaire attribuable aux collisions automobiles soit de l'ordre des millions aux États-Unis, en Europe et au Royaume-Uni, il n'existe aucune estimation de ce genre au Canada à ce jour. Pour pallier cette lacune, nous avons calculé une estimation de cette mortalité aviaire annuelle durant la saison de nidification et d'envol des jeunes, dans les écozones canadiennes, à partir de données issues de la littérature nord-américaine que nous avons appliquées au réseau de transport canadien. Étant donné que les chouettes et hiboux sont particulièrement susceptibles d'être happés par des véhicules, nous avons aussi estimé le nombre d'Effraies des clochers (Tyto alba) happées dans le peu qu'il reste de son aire de répartition au Canada. (Cette espèce figure sur la liste rouge de l'UICN et est aussi listée comme « menacée » au palier fédéral; Comité sur le statut des espèces en péril au Canada 2010; Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature 2012.) À partir de sept études canadiennes sur le sujet, 80 espèces et 2 834 spécimens ont été trouvés morts sur les routes; ces espèces font partie de 14 ordres d'oiseaux. Sur les routes canadiennes pavées à une ou deux voies et situées à l'extérieur des grands centres urbains, le nombre non ajusté de mortalités aviaires par année, pour les 4 mois (122 jours) que dure la saison de nidification et d'envol des jeunes chez la plupart des oiseaux au Canada, s'élève à 4 650 137 en milieux décidus, conifériens, cultivés, humides ou non agricoles comportant moins de 10 % d'arbres. En moyenne, ce résultat se traduit par 1 167 oiseaux happés/100 km au Canada. En ajustant pour tenir compte de la disparition des carcasses par les charognards, cette estimation s'élève à 13 810 906 (soit 3 462 oiseaux happés/100 km). Pour ce qui est de l'Effraie des clochers dans son aire de répartition du sud de la Colombie-Britannique, le nombre non ajusté d'oiseaux happés annuellement sur les routes à quatre voies durant la saison de nidification et d'envol des jeunes s'élève à 244; ce nombre grimpe à 851 lorsqu'il est ajusté pour prendre en compte les biais associés aux observateurs (facteur de 3,6) et à la disparition des carcasses par les charognards.
Federation proceedings, 1982
Proctolin (H-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr-OH), a highly bioactive peptide found first in insects, is shown... more Proctolin (H-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr-OH), a highly bioactive peptide found first in insects, is shown to be localized to specific neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. Application of an antiproctolin serum to whole ganglia in a whole-mount immunohistochemical technique reveals the presence of proctolin immunoreactive neurons throughout the CNS. These neurons can be mapped and appear in consistent positions in different individuals. Some have been uniquely identified by intracellular dye injection combined with immunological localization. The presence of proctolin in individually identified neurons has been determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography combined with proctolin bioassay detection performed on extracts made from single identified cells. Some proctolin-containing neurons contain large vacuolelike inclusions in their cell bodies. These vacuoles appear to be the greatly enlarged lumena of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and may...
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 1961
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1961
Psychological Anthropology, 1975
Analyse du contexte historique et ecologique d'une maladie mentale, appelee psychose Windigo ... more Analyse du contexte historique et ecologique d'une maladie mentale, appelee psychose Windigo (du nom d'un geant cannibale), chez les Algonquins du Nord, et caracterisee par des pulsions cannibales. Difference entre la psychose Windigo et le cannibalisme pratique aux XVIII et XIX siecles par les Algonquins en temps de famine.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment - ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS, 1999
Significantly lower anuran species diversity and density was recorded in a vegetable growing area... more Significantly lower anuran species diversity and density was recorded in a vegetable growing area relative to upstream and downstream sites in the Holland River watershed, Ontario, Canada. Egg hatching success and tadpole deformity rates of American toads (Bufo americanus americanus), green frogs (Rana clamitans melanota) and northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) eggs in water from field sites and control water were assessed. Compared to the control and the upstream site, the total abnormality rate (unhatched eggs plus deformed tadpoles) was higher for American toads in water from the agricultural and downstream sites. Total abnormality was higher in green frog eggs in water from the agricultural site and a downstream site. Trace concentrations of organophosphorus pesticides were detected most often in agricultural zone water and sediments than in upstream and downstream sites. Organochlorine pesticide residues, especially in agricultural zone samples, exceeded the no effect level g...
Colonial Waterbirds, 1995
This paper provides the first full synthesis of population and productivity characteristics of Gr... more This paper provides the first full synthesis of population and productivity characteristics of Great Lakes Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) on a Great Lakes-wide basis during this century. The breeding population increased slowly from initial ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1981
Proctolin (H-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr-OH) is a pentapeptide first extracted from cockroaches. It is kn... more Proctolin (H-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr-OH) is a pentapeptide first extracted from cockroaches. It is known to have many neurohormonal effects and has been associated with specific, identified cockroach neurons. We have produced proctolin antisera and report here on their application in detecting proctolin-like immunoreactivity (PLI) in the cockroach central nervous system. Radioimmunoassay, capable of detectable 50 fmol of proctolin, was used to quantify the distribution of PLI. Highest concentrations were detected in the genital ganglia and lowest in the cerebral ganglia. Immunohistochemistry on the cockroach central nervous system demonstrated that PLI is localized to neurons. Neurons stained by using immunohistochemistry were widespread in the ganglia. Cell bodies were found to be in constant positions from animal to animal and to occur in bilaterally symmetrical pairs. These neurons are potentially identifiable.
New England Journal of Medicine, 1982
We prospectively evaluated infections with several gastrointestinal pathogens in patients undergo... more We prospectively evaluated infections with several gastrointestinal pathogens in patients undergoing bone-marrow transplantation, in an attempt to correlate infection with morbidity and mortality. Thirty-one of 78 patients (40 per cent) were infected with one or more of the following enteric pathogens during the study: adenovirus (12 infections), rotavirus (nine), coxsackievirus (four), or Clostridium difficile (12). Several patients were infected with more than one pathogen. Infection correlated with the occurrence of diarrhea and abdominal cramps. The mortality rate among the infected patients was 55 per cent--significantly higher than the rate (13 per cent) among the noninfected patients (P less than 0.001). This study indicates that enteric pathogens that often cause mild diarrhea in normal populations can cause serious infections in marrow-transplant recipients. Measures aimed at preventing or treating such infections might reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with marrow transplantation.
Marine Environmental Research, 2002
The initial sampling in the Marine Monitoring Program (MOMAM), coordinated by the Ministry of Mar... more The initial sampling in the Marine Monitoring Program (MOMAM), coordinated by the Ministry of Marine Affairs (IEAPM), was performed along the southeast coast of Brazil. Orthopristis ruber samples were collected at Guanabara, Sepetiba and Ilha Grande Bays. Microsomal CYP1A levels and cytosolic cholinesterase (ChE), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were measured in the liver of these fish according to established procedures. CAT activity and CYP1A content were significantly higher (P < or = 0.05) in fish caught at Guanabara Bay, which might be due to higher levels of peroxisome proliferators and Ah receptor agonists, respectively, at this site compared to the other sites. Also, lower GST activity was observed in fish from this site, which may possibly be related to the presence of oxidative-stress inducing compounds.
Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing, 2018
Journal of Experimental Biology, 1991
Using the single-channel patch-clamp technique we have recently shown that the peptide cotransmit... more Using the single-channel patch-clamp technique we have recently shown that the peptide cotransmitter proctolin can potentiate the activity of a large (38 pS in DVmmoir 1 Ba 2+ ; 26pS in m m m o l l " 1 Ca 2+), depolarization-inducible Ca 2+ channel in the plasma membrane of the crayfish tonic flexor muscle (Bishop et al. 1991). Parallels between the modulatory effects of the peptide on channel activity and tension generated in the muscle suggest that this channel activation is probably partly responsible for the amplification of tension by proctolin (Bishop et al. 1991). Our initial studies of this phenomenon were performed during the spring and summer of 1988, using excised, inside-out patches. During that time, we found that the addition of 5xlO~9molP 1 proctolin to the bath at least 5min prior to seal formation (this dose gives a maximal response) caused a large increase in the proportion of patches with active channels and enhanced the single-channel open probability, P o , by as much as 40-fold. (Ca 2+ channels remained remarkably active in these excised patches: there was usually no obvious diminution in channel activity for the duration of the recordings; Bishop et al. 1991.) Identical results were obtained during the spring of 1989. In this communication we show that, during the winter months between these two periods, proctolin had virtually no effect on channel activity, indicating a seasonal variability in the potentiating effect of the peptide. Our studies were performed on 5-7.5 cm adult crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, supplied by Niles Biological, Sacramento, which obtained animals from local collectors. Animals were maintained in laboratory tanks (from several days up to 2 months) before use. Tonic flexor muscles were isolated (Fig. 1A) and treated with 0.05-0.15% collagenase IA for 20min. Muscles were bathed in DTmmoll" 1 BaCl 2 (to enhance Ca 2+ channel conductance), lmmoll" 1 CaCl 2 , 2.6mmoir 1 MgCl 2 and lO.lmmoll" 1 Trizma (pH7.0). Patch pipets contained 205mmoll~1 sodium gluconate, 2.6mmoll~1 CaCl 2 , 2.6mmoll~1 MgCl 2 and lO.lmmoll" 1 Trizma (pH7.0). Experiments were performed at 21 °C, using the inside-out patch configuration. This configuration made it possible to identify Ca 2+ currents easily as inward currents in depolarized patches (see Bishop et al.
Journal of Thoracic Surgery, 1956
Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 1981
The semi-preparative separation of underivatised peptide mixtures from the tryptic digestion of t... more The semi-preparative separation of underivatised peptide mixtures from the tryptic digestion of thyroid and pituitary proteins has been accomplished on a 10dp spherical octadecyl-silica stationary phase, Radial Pak A/C18, packed into flexible-walled polyethylene cartridges (10 × 0.8cm). With volatile ionic modifiers, such as ammonium bicarbonate, excellent resolution and peptide recoveries were obtained with this support
Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 1981
... CA Bishop Anac Ltd. , PO Box 5565, Auck and. LJ Meyer, DR Harding, W S. Hancock", Depart... more ... CA Bishop Anac Ltd. , PO Box 5565, Auck and. LJ Meyer, DR Harding, W S. Hancock", Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Massey University, Palmerston North. and ... (25). 66 1 Copyright 0 198 I by Marcel Dekker, Inc. Page 2. 662 BISHOP ET AL. ...
The Journal of Neuroscience, 1987
The Journal of Neuroscience, 1991
The activity of 2 types of Ca*+ channels (38 and 14 pS in 137 mM Ba2+) in the plasma membrane of ... more The activity of 2 types of Ca*+ channels (38 and 14 pS in 137 mM Ba2+) in the plasma membrane of the crayfish tonic flexor muscle is modulated by the peptide proctolin. This peptide serves as a cotransmitter in 3 of the 5 excitatory tonic flexor motoneurons and greatly enhances tension after depolarization by the conventional neurotransmitter. Proctolin alone has no effect on these channels, but renders them capable of sustained activity following depolarization. After depolarization induces activity, 5 x 1 Om9 M proctolin increases the open probability of the larger channel up to 50-fold due to a marked decrease in the mean channel closed time. There is also at least a 4-fold increase in the percentage of patches with active channels for the large channel and a P-fold increase for the small channel. Proctolin modulation appears to occur via an intracellular messenger, possibly CAMP. The peptide's effect on channel activity is dose dependent in a manner that parallels its effect on tension. These results indicate that the activation of these channels and the resulting influx of Ca*+ into the muscle fiber play a role in the potentiation of tension in this muscle. We have been investigating the role of a peptide cotransmitter in the well-studied tonic flexor neuromuscular system in the crayfish. This system consists of 6 identified motoneurons (5 excitatory) and approximately 40 muscle fibers located in each hemisegment in the animal's abdomen, where it controls slow abdominal IIexion (Kennedy and Takeda, 1965; Wine et al., 1974). We have shown that, in addition to the conventional neurotransmitter L-glutamate, 3 of the excitatory motoneurons in this system contain the peptide proctolin (H-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr-OH). Proctolin is released from these motoneurons in response to neural stimulation. Selective depletion ofthe peptide from motoneuron terminals, leaving the levels of the conventional neurotransmitter unchanged, results in a reduction of as much as 50% of tension. Thus, endogenous proctolin appears to be an important contributor to the magnitude of tension generated in this muscle (Bishop et al., 1984, 1987). Proctolin, by itself, does not induce tension in the muscle at any concentration. Rather, it acts directly on the muscle to amplify the depolarization-induced tension of the conventional neurotransmitter. It also lowers the threshold for excitation
Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 1980
... This work was supported by the Medical Research Council of New Zealand. We wish also to ackno... more ... This work was supported by the Medical Research Council of New Zealand. We wish also to acknowledge a grant made to MTW Hearn and WS Hancock by Waters Assoc. Pty. ... Applications of Liquid Chromatography (GL Hawk ed.) Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1979, p.283. ...
The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1962
The rates of equilibration between the keto form of benzoylacetanilide and its anion have been me... more The rates of equilibration between the keto form of benzoylacetanilide and its anion have been measured under the in-The specific rate constante using vanous phosphates and The absorption spectra of each of the or, where the rate is slow enough, the acid ionizes only to a minute extent. Examples of the first case are l,&dicarbonyl compounds, phenols, and naphthols, while most aldehydes and ketones fall fluence of several acids and bases by a steadystate flow method. carbonates at constant. U = 0.375 were shown to fit the Bronsted catalysis.law. species, keto, enol, and anion, were obtained and used to determine the clissoclation constants of the keto and enol forms. With few it is difficult to study the kinetics of acid-base reactions of organic compounds, since either the rate of dissociation of the acid at a convenient pH is too fast for measurement into the second category. expressed as acid-base reactions The equilibria in keto-enol tautomerism can be (1) A. Hsntzsch, Ber., 82, 575 (1899); I). Turnbull and 9. H. Maron,
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1963
... particular acid, respectively. The individual constants for each of the acids are reported in... more ... particular acid, respectively. The individual constants for each of the acids are reported in Table XI. [HzO] assumed to be 55 N kd (6) Page 4. 3994 C. A. BISHOP, RF PORTER, AND LKJ TONG Vol. 85 TABLE VI1 KINETIC DATA ...
Avian Conservation and Ecology, 2013
Although mortality of birds from collisions with vehicles is estimated to be in the millions in t... more Although mortality of birds from collisions with vehicles is estimated to be in the millions in the USA, Europe, and the UK, to date, no estimates exist for Canada. To address this, we calculated an estimate of annual avian mortality attributed to vehicular collisions during the breeding and fledging season, in Canadian ecozones, by applying North American literature values for avian mortality to Canadian road networks. Because owls are particularly susceptible to collisions with vehicles, we also estimated the number of roadkilled Barn owls (Tyto alba) in its last remaining range within Canada. (This species is on the IUCN red list and is also listed federally as threatened; Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada 2010, International Union for the Conservation of Nature 2012). Through seven Canadian studies in existence, 80 species and 2,834 specimens have been found dead on roads representing species from 14 orders of birds. On Canadian 1 and 2-lane paved roads outside of major urban centers, the unadjusted number of bird mortalities/yr during an estimated 4-mo (122-d) breeding and fledging season for most birds in Canada was 4,650,137 on roads traversing through deciduous, coniferous, cropland, wetlands and nonagricultural landscapes with less than 10% treed area. On average, this represents 1,167 birds killed/100 km in Canada. Adjusted for scavenging, this estimate was 13,810,906 (3,462 dead birds/100 km). For barn owls, the unadjusted number of birds killed annually on 4-lane roads during the breeding and fledging season, within the species geographic range in southern British Columbia, was estimated as 244 owls and, when adjusted for scavenging and observer bias (3.6 factor), the total was 851 owls. RÉSUMÉ. Bien que l'estimation de la mortalité aviaire attribuable aux collisions automobiles soit de l'ordre des millions aux États-Unis, en Europe et au Royaume-Uni, il n'existe aucune estimation de ce genre au Canada à ce jour. Pour pallier cette lacune, nous avons calculé une estimation de cette mortalité aviaire annuelle durant la saison de nidification et d'envol des jeunes, dans les écozones canadiennes, à partir de données issues de la littérature nord-américaine que nous avons appliquées au réseau de transport canadien. Étant donné que les chouettes et hiboux sont particulièrement susceptibles d'être happés par des véhicules, nous avons aussi estimé le nombre d'Effraies des clochers (Tyto alba) happées dans le peu qu'il reste de son aire de répartition au Canada. (Cette espèce figure sur la liste rouge de l'UICN et est aussi listée comme « menacée » au palier fédéral; Comité sur le statut des espèces en péril au Canada 2010; Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature 2012.) À partir de sept études canadiennes sur le sujet, 80 espèces et 2 834 spécimens ont été trouvés morts sur les routes; ces espèces font partie de 14 ordres d'oiseaux. Sur les routes canadiennes pavées à une ou deux voies et situées à l'extérieur des grands centres urbains, le nombre non ajusté de mortalités aviaires par année, pour les 4 mois (122 jours) que dure la saison de nidification et d'envol des jeunes chez la plupart des oiseaux au Canada, s'élève à 4 650 137 en milieux décidus, conifériens, cultivés, humides ou non agricoles comportant moins de 10 % d'arbres. En moyenne, ce résultat se traduit par 1 167 oiseaux happés/100 km au Canada. En ajustant pour tenir compte de la disparition des carcasses par les charognards, cette estimation s'élève à 13 810 906 (soit 3 462 oiseaux happés/100 km). Pour ce qui est de l'Effraie des clochers dans son aire de répartition du sud de la Colombie-Britannique, le nombre non ajusté d'oiseaux happés annuellement sur les routes à quatre voies durant la saison de nidification et d'envol des jeunes s'élève à 244; ce nombre grimpe à 851 lorsqu'il est ajusté pour prendre en compte les biais associés aux observateurs (facteur de 3,6) et à la disparition des carcasses par les charognards.
Federation proceedings, 1982
Proctolin (H-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr-OH), a highly bioactive peptide found first in insects, is shown... more Proctolin (H-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr-OH), a highly bioactive peptide found first in insects, is shown to be localized to specific neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. Application of an antiproctolin serum to whole ganglia in a whole-mount immunohistochemical technique reveals the presence of proctolin immunoreactive neurons throughout the CNS. These neurons can be mapped and appear in consistent positions in different individuals. Some have been uniquely identified by intracellular dye injection combined with immunological localization. The presence of proctolin in individually identified neurons has been determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography combined with proctolin bioassay detection performed on extracts made from single identified cells. Some proctolin-containing neurons contain large vacuolelike inclusions in their cell bodies. These vacuoles appear to be the greatly enlarged lumena of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and may...
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 1961
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1961
Psychological Anthropology, 1975
Analyse du contexte historique et ecologique d'une maladie mentale, appelee psychose Windigo ... more Analyse du contexte historique et ecologique d'une maladie mentale, appelee psychose Windigo (du nom d'un geant cannibale), chez les Algonquins du Nord, et caracterisee par des pulsions cannibales. Difference entre la psychose Windigo et le cannibalisme pratique aux XVIII et XIX siecles par les Algonquins en temps de famine.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment - ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS, 1999
Significantly lower anuran species diversity and density was recorded in a vegetable growing area... more Significantly lower anuran species diversity and density was recorded in a vegetable growing area relative to upstream and downstream sites in the Holland River watershed, Ontario, Canada. Egg hatching success and tadpole deformity rates of American toads (Bufo americanus americanus), green frogs (Rana clamitans melanota) and northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) eggs in water from field sites and control water were assessed. Compared to the control and the upstream site, the total abnormality rate (unhatched eggs plus deformed tadpoles) was higher for American toads in water from the agricultural and downstream sites. Total abnormality was higher in green frog eggs in water from the agricultural site and a downstream site. Trace concentrations of organophosphorus pesticides were detected most often in agricultural zone water and sediments than in upstream and downstream sites. Organochlorine pesticide residues, especially in agricultural zone samples, exceeded the no effect level g...
Colonial Waterbirds, 1995
This paper provides the first full synthesis of population and productivity characteristics of Gr... more This paper provides the first full synthesis of population and productivity characteristics of Great Lakes Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) on a Great Lakes-wide basis during this century. The breeding population increased slowly from initial ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1981
Proctolin (H-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr-OH) is a pentapeptide first extracted from cockroaches. It is kn... more Proctolin (H-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr-OH) is a pentapeptide first extracted from cockroaches. It is known to have many neurohormonal effects and has been associated with specific, identified cockroach neurons. We have produced proctolin antisera and report here on their application in detecting proctolin-like immunoreactivity (PLI) in the cockroach central nervous system. Radioimmunoassay, capable of detectable 50 fmol of proctolin, was used to quantify the distribution of PLI. Highest concentrations were detected in the genital ganglia and lowest in the cerebral ganglia. Immunohistochemistry on the cockroach central nervous system demonstrated that PLI is localized to neurons. Neurons stained by using immunohistochemistry were widespread in the ganglia. Cell bodies were found to be in constant positions from animal to animal and to occur in bilaterally symmetrical pairs. These neurons are potentially identifiable.
New England Journal of Medicine, 1982
We prospectively evaluated infections with several gastrointestinal pathogens in patients undergo... more We prospectively evaluated infections with several gastrointestinal pathogens in patients undergoing bone-marrow transplantation, in an attempt to correlate infection with morbidity and mortality. Thirty-one of 78 patients (40 per cent) were infected with one or more of the following enteric pathogens during the study: adenovirus (12 infections), rotavirus (nine), coxsackievirus (four), or Clostridium difficile (12). Several patients were infected with more than one pathogen. Infection correlated with the occurrence of diarrhea and abdominal cramps. The mortality rate among the infected patients was 55 per cent--significantly higher than the rate (13 per cent) among the noninfected patients (P less than 0.001). This study indicates that enteric pathogens that often cause mild diarrhea in normal populations can cause serious infections in marrow-transplant recipients. Measures aimed at preventing or treating such infections might reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with marrow transplantation.
Marine Environmental Research, 2002
The initial sampling in the Marine Monitoring Program (MOMAM), coordinated by the Ministry of Mar... more The initial sampling in the Marine Monitoring Program (MOMAM), coordinated by the Ministry of Marine Affairs (IEAPM), was performed along the southeast coast of Brazil. Orthopristis ruber samples were collected at Guanabara, Sepetiba and Ilha Grande Bays. Microsomal CYP1A levels and cytosolic cholinesterase (ChE), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were measured in the liver of these fish according to established procedures. CAT activity and CYP1A content were significantly higher (P < or = 0.05) in fish caught at Guanabara Bay, which might be due to higher levels of peroxisome proliferators and Ah receptor agonists, respectively, at this site compared to the other sites. Also, lower GST activity was observed in fish from this site, which may possibly be related to the presence of oxidative-stress inducing compounds.