Larry Chase - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Larry Chase
This information was part of the December 2008 issue of Eastern DairyBusiness Magazine. The Manag... more This information was part of the December 2008 issue of Eastern DairyBusiness Magazine. The Manager, a section within the Eastern DairyBusiness Magazine, is authored and organized by the PRO-DAIRY program in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University.
Proc. 2003 Cornell …, 2003
... Role in Watershed Protection Paul E. Cerosaletti Dale R. Dewing April W. Lucas Cornell Cooper... more ... Role in Watershed Protection Paul E. Cerosaletti Dale R. Dewing April W. Lucas Cornell Cooperative Extension of Delaware County Page 2. ... Role in Watershed Protection Paul E. Cerosaletti Dale R. Dewing April W. Lucas Cornell Cooperative Extension of Delaware County
Agronomy Monographs, 2015
This information was presented at the 2006 Winter Dairy Management Conference, organized by the P... more This information was presented at the 2006 Winter Dairy Management Conference, organized by the PRO-DAIRY program in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University. This collaborative effort between PRO-DAIRY, dairy producers, agri-business professionals and Cornell Cooperative Extension educators brings technical, financial and operational know-how to a topic of importance to dairy farms. Seminars are offered across New York State each year. Softcover copies of the entire conference proceedings may be purchased at http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/dm/proceedings_orders.html or by calling (607) 255-4285.
This presentation will focus on rations fed in high producing dairy herds. The results of a surve... more This presentation will focus on rations fed in high producing dairy herds. The results of a survey of rations fed will be presented. Rations will be evaluated using the CNCPS 6.55 model. Variations in forages and feeds fed, ration nutrient profile and ruminal fiber and carbohydrate dynamics will be presented
Agricultural Systems
Abstract CONTEXT To meet the nutritional and environmental needs of a growing population, dairy p... more Abstract CONTEXT To meet the nutritional and environmental needs of a growing population, dairy producers must increase milk production while minimizing the farm-gate environmental impact and adapting to the effects of climate change. OBJECTIVE Here we comprehensively assess the effects of climate change on the environmental performance and productivity of three typical US dairy farms, and evaluate the potential benefits of adaptation strategies and implementation of Beneficial Management Practices (BMPs) for mitigating these effects and the potential increases in environmental impact. METHODS Using the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM), we predicted the productivity and environmental impact of these baseline farms under current emission scenarios and climate projections of 6 general circulation models (GCM), for high and low emission scenarios. We simulated farm-specific BMPs for current and future climate conditions for both unadapted and ‘adapted’ field cultivation plans, based on experiences from other climate locations. Finally, the IFSM predictions were compared to those of two other process-based models to test result robustness. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We find that the environmental impact of the three northern US dairy farms (New York, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin) generally increases by mid-century, if no mitigation measures are taken. Overall, feed production is maintained, as decreased corn grain yields are compensated by increased forage yields. Adoption of farm-specific Beneficial Management Practices can substantially reduce the GHG emissions and nutrient losses from dairy farms under current climate conditions and stabilize the environmental impact in future climate conditions, while maintaining farm productivity (milk and feed production). A comparison of three models corroborates the estimated reductions in methane and ammonia emissions associated with BMPs, as well as the relative trend in P-loss reduction. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides a holistic assessment of the impacts of climate change on dairy production systems focusing on both feed production and environmental impacts. It demonstrates the interest of BMPs to both reduce GHG emissions and contribute to more resilient farming systems in a changing climate.
This information was presented at the 2009 Winter Dairy Management Conference, organized by the P... more This information was presented at the 2009 Winter Dairy Management Conference, organized by the PRO-DAIRY program in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University. This collaborative effort between PRO-DAIRY, dairy producers, agri-business professionals and Cornell Cooperative Extension educators brings technical, financial and operational know-how to a topic of importance to dairy farms. Seminars are offered across New York State each year. Softcover copies of the entire conference proceedings may be purchased at http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/dm/proceedings_orders.html or by calling (607) 255-4285.
This information was part of the February 2012 issue of Eastern DairyBusiness Magazine. The Manag... more This information was part of the February 2012 issue of Eastern DairyBusiness Magazine. The Manager, a section within the Eastern DairyBusiness Magazine, is authored and organized by the PRO-DAIRY program in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University.
This information was part of the February 2013 issue of Eastern DairyBusiness Magazine. The Manag... more This information was part of the February 2013 issue of Eastern DairyBusiness Magazine. The Manager, a section within the Eastern DairyBusiness Magazine, is authored and organized by the PRO-DAIRY program in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University.
Journal of Animal Science
The objectives of this study were to partition corn grain into three digestible fractions and to ... more The objectives of this study were to partition corn grain into three digestible fractions and to measure the rate of disappearance of these fractions in vitro. Seventeen corn grain samples with varied fiber concentrations were extracted with either 80% ethanol or neutral detergent to obtain estimates of the pool size and digestion kinetics of the A, B1, B2, and C fractions. The carbohydrate soluble in 80% ethanol averaged only 2.6 ± .3% of the DM, although 80% ethanol extracted 7.1 ± 1.2% of DM of corn grain. The ethanolsoluble fraction of corn grain contained protein, etherextractable compounds, and a small amount of ash in addition to carbohydrate. Because of this chemical heterogeneity and because of the small size of the ethanolsoluble fraction, it was not possible to determine the
Journal of Animal Science
Journal of Dairy Science
Depressions in digestibility of both diet and feed fractions were measured in two diets fed at tw... more Depressions in digestibility of both diet and feed fractions were measured in two diets fed at two intakes to dairy cattle. A low forage diet of 32% forage and 68% concentrate (dry matter) and a high forage diet of 83% forage and 17% concentrate were fed to dry cows at maintenance and lactating cows at ad libitum intake. Lactating cows consumed 42.1 and 32.2 g dry matter/kg body weight on the low forage and high forage diets whereas dry cows consumed 12.0 and 13.0. Energy digestibilities were 67.5 and 64.0% for lactating cows on the low forage and high forage diets and 73.7 and 67.6% for dry cows. Depressions in digestibility for dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, hemicetlulose, cellulose, energy, and cell solubles per unit of intake were greater on the low forage diet. Retention time of concentrate increased by .44 units for each unit increase in retention time of forage. Retention times in the total tract for forage and concentrates were 62 and 73% less at low intake on the low forage diet. Similar results for the high forage diet were 80 and 81%. Retention times of concentrate and forage were correlated with digestibility of gross energy.
Journal of Dairy Science, 1977
Thirty-nine lactating Holstein cows were fed high-energy complete rations ad libitum with crude p... more Thirty-nine lactating Holstein cows were fed high-energy complete rations ad libitum with crude protein: 1) 11.7% (negative control); 2) 13.9% (1% urea); 3) 16.6% (1% urea); or 4) 16.6% (positive control) in a continuous 12-wk study beginning at wk 5 postpartum. Milk production of 27.7, 31.8, 34.0, and 30.4 kg/day showed the use of urea nitrogen by groups 2 and probably 3. Two digestion-nitrogen balance trials with each cow also provided evidence that urea nitrogen was used for milk secretion. Energy digestibility averaged 59.4, 64.2, 65.4, and 65.8; and lower for the negative control diet. Nitrogen solubility in the diets was 28, 36, 32, and 21%, which reflects the objective of selecting ingredients with low nitrogen solubility for use in urea diets. Concentrations of ammonia nitrogen before and after feeding were 1.1, 3.3, 3.5, 4.2, and 2.2, 11.2, 11.9, and 9.3 mg/100 ml of rumen fluid. The prefeeding amounts were probably too low for maximum microbial growth. Urea-nitrogen concentrations in plasma were 8.65, 10.32, 18.00, and 17.03 mg/100 ml. These results lend support to the postulate that lactating cows in early lactation can use urea nitrogen when high-energy complete rations with ingredients of low nitrogen solubility are fed ad libitum.
This information was part of the December 2008 issue of Eastern DairyBusiness Magazine. The Manag... more This information was part of the December 2008 issue of Eastern DairyBusiness Magazine. The Manager, a section within the Eastern DairyBusiness Magazine, is authored and organized by the PRO-DAIRY program in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University.
Proc. 2003 Cornell …, 2003
... Role in Watershed Protection Paul E. Cerosaletti Dale R. Dewing April W. Lucas Cornell Cooper... more ... Role in Watershed Protection Paul E. Cerosaletti Dale R. Dewing April W. Lucas Cornell Cooperative Extension of Delaware County Page 2. ... Role in Watershed Protection Paul E. Cerosaletti Dale R. Dewing April W. Lucas Cornell Cooperative Extension of Delaware County
Agronomy Monographs, 2015
This information was presented at the 2006 Winter Dairy Management Conference, organized by the P... more This information was presented at the 2006 Winter Dairy Management Conference, organized by the PRO-DAIRY program in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University. This collaborative effort between PRO-DAIRY, dairy producers, agri-business professionals and Cornell Cooperative Extension educators brings technical, financial and operational know-how to a topic of importance to dairy farms. Seminars are offered across New York State each year. Softcover copies of the entire conference proceedings may be purchased at http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/dm/proceedings_orders.html or by calling (607) 255-4285.
This presentation will focus on rations fed in high producing dairy herds. The results of a surve... more This presentation will focus on rations fed in high producing dairy herds. The results of a survey of rations fed will be presented. Rations will be evaluated using the CNCPS 6.55 model. Variations in forages and feeds fed, ration nutrient profile and ruminal fiber and carbohydrate dynamics will be presented
Agricultural Systems
Abstract CONTEXT To meet the nutritional and environmental needs of a growing population, dairy p... more Abstract CONTEXT To meet the nutritional and environmental needs of a growing population, dairy producers must increase milk production while minimizing the farm-gate environmental impact and adapting to the effects of climate change. OBJECTIVE Here we comprehensively assess the effects of climate change on the environmental performance and productivity of three typical US dairy farms, and evaluate the potential benefits of adaptation strategies and implementation of Beneficial Management Practices (BMPs) for mitigating these effects and the potential increases in environmental impact. METHODS Using the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM), we predicted the productivity and environmental impact of these baseline farms under current emission scenarios and climate projections of 6 general circulation models (GCM), for high and low emission scenarios. We simulated farm-specific BMPs for current and future climate conditions for both unadapted and ‘adapted’ field cultivation plans, based on experiences from other climate locations. Finally, the IFSM predictions were compared to those of two other process-based models to test result robustness. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We find that the environmental impact of the three northern US dairy farms (New York, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin) generally increases by mid-century, if no mitigation measures are taken. Overall, feed production is maintained, as decreased corn grain yields are compensated by increased forage yields. Adoption of farm-specific Beneficial Management Practices can substantially reduce the GHG emissions and nutrient losses from dairy farms under current climate conditions and stabilize the environmental impact in future climate conditions, while maintaining farm productivity (milk and feed production). A comparison of three models corroborates the estimated reductions in methane and ammonia emissions associated with BMPs, as well as the relative trend in P-loss reduction. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides a holistic assessment of the impacts of climate change on dairy production systems focusing on both feed production and environmental impacts. It demonstrates the interest of BMPs to both reduce GHG emissions and contribute to more resilient farming systems in a changing climate.
This information was presented at the 2009 Winter Dairy Management Conference, organized by the P... more This information was presented at the 2009 Winter Dairy Management Conference, organized by the PRO-DAIRY program in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University. This collaborative effort between PRO-DAIRY, dairy producers, agri-business professionals and Cornell Cooperative Extension educators brings technical, financial and operational know-how to a topic of importance to dairy farms. Seminars are offered across New York State each year. Softcover copies of the entire conference proceedings may be purchased at http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/dm/proceedings_orders.html or by calling (607) 255-4285.
This information was part of the February 2012 issue of Eastern DairyBusiness Magazine. The Manag... more This information was part of the February 2012 issue of Eastern DairyBusiness Magazine. The Manager, a section within the Eastern DairyBusiness Magazine, is authored and organized by the PRO-DAIRY program in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University.
This information was part of the February 2013 issue of Eastern DairyBusiness Magazine. The Manag... more This information was part of the February 2013 issue of Eastern DairyBusiness Magazine. The Manager, a section within the Eastern DairyBusiness Magazine, is authored and organized by the PRO-DAIRY program in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University.
Journal of Animal Science
The objectives of this study were to partition corn grain into three digestible fractions and to ... more The objectives of this study were to partition corn grain into three digestible fractions and to measure the rate of disappearance of these fractions in vitro. Seventeen corn grain samples with varied fiber concentrations were extracted with either 80% ethanol or neutral detergent to obtain estimates of the pool size and digestion kinetics of the A, B1, B2, and C fractions. The carbohydrate soluble in 80% ethanol averaged only 2.6 ± .3% of the DM, although 80% ethanol extracted 7.1 ± 1.2% of DM of corn grain. The ethanolsoluble fraction of corn grain contained protein, etherextractable compounds, and a small amount of ash in addition to carbohydrate. Because of this chemical heterogeneity and because of the small size of the ethanolsoluble fraction, it was not possible to determine the
Journal of Animal Science
Journal of Dairy Science
Depressions in digestibility of both diet and feed fractions were measured in two diets fed at tw... more Depressions in digestibility of both diet and feed fractions were measured in two diets fed at two intakes to dairy cattle. A low forage diet of 32% forage and 68% concentrate (dry matter) and a high forage diet of 83% forage and 17% concentrate were fed to dry cows at maintenance and lactating cows at ad libitum intake. Lactating cows consumed 42.1 and 32.2 g dry matter/kg body weight on the low forage and high forage diets whereas dry cows consumed 12.0 and 13.0. Energy digestibilities were 67.5 and 64.0% for lactating cows on the low forage and high forage diets and 73.7 and 67.6% for dry cows. Depressions in digestibility for dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, hemicetlulose, cellulose, energy, and cell solubles per unit of intake were greater on the low forage diet. Retention time of concentrate increased by .44 units for each unit increase in retention time of forage. Retention times in the total tract for forage and concentrates were 62 and 73% less at low intake on the low forage diet. Similar results for the high forage diet were 80 and 81%. Retention times of concentrate and forage were correlated with digestibility of gross energy.
Journal of Dairy Science, 1977
Thirty-nine lactating Holstein cows were fed high-energy complete rations ad libitum with crude p... more Thirty-nine lactating Holstein cows were fed high-energy complete rations ad libitum with crude protein: 1) 11.7% (negative control); 2) 13.9% (1% urea); 3) 16.6% (1% urea); or 4) 16.6% (positive control) in a continuous 12-wk study beginning at wk 5 postpartum. Milk production of 27.7, 31.8, 34.0, and 30.4 kg/day showed the use of urea nitrogen by groups 2 and probably 3. Two digestion-nitrogen balance trials with each cow also provided evidence that urea nitrogen was used for milk secretion. Energy digestibility averaged 59.4, 64.2, 65.4, and 65.8; and lower for the negative control diet. Nitrogen solubility in the diets was 28, 36, 32, and 21%, which reflects the objective of selecting ingredients with low nitrogen solubility for use in urea diets. Concentrations of ammonia nitrogen before and after feeding were 1.1, 3.3, 3.5, 4.2, and 2.2, 11.2, 11.9, and 9.3 mg/100 ml of rumen fluid. The prefeeding amounts were probably too low for maximum microbial growth. Urea-nitrogen concentrations in plasma were 8.65, 10.32, 18.00, and 17.03 mg/100 ml. These results lend support to the postulate that lactating cows in early lactation can use urea nitrogen when high-energy complete rations with ingredients of low nitrogen solubility are fed ad libitum.